1. POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH
Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering
C 2329
History of
Modern
Architecture
Lecture 01:
Historicism
Industrial revolution
Art + craft movement
Art nouveau movement
Chicago school
www.shahrilkhairi.com Prepared by SKA

3. POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH
Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering C 2329 History of Modern Architecture
The Palace of Westminster,
London, 1836 to 1868
Gov. Centre, English Gothic Revival
Sir Charles Barry, Augustus Pugin
Westminster New Palace, the
Houses of Parliament for England
and all the United Kingdom,
including the famous clock Big Ben.
Design of gothic details assisted by
A. W. N. Pugin. Use cut stone
bearing masonry.
HISTORICISM Prepared by SKA

4. POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH
Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering C 2329 History of Modern Architecture
United States Capitol,
Washington 1793 to 1830
Gov. Centre, Neo Classic
Thornton-Latrobe-Bulfinch
Washington,
Location
D.C.
stone bearing
Construction
masonry, cast
System
iron dome
Context urban
Notes Dome by
Thomas Ustick
Walter, 1851 to
1863
HISTORICISM Prepared by SKA

5. POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH
Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering C 2329 History of Modern Architecture
Crystal Palace,London
1851, moved 1852, burnt
1936
Exposition Hall, Victorian Style
Joseph Paxton
The development of modern
architecture was driven not only
by new aesthetic principles.
The easy availability of materials
such as concrete, iron, steel and
glass freed architecture from the
restrictions of building in stone,
wood and masonry
The new sense of space aimed
at meeting the needs of life in
the 20th century.
Modular construction system -
prefabricated iron sections. Floor
area of 770,000 sq ft.,1851 ft
long, 450 ft wide.
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Prepared by SKA

6. POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH
Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering C 2329 History of Modern Architecture
Eiffel Tower
1887 - 1889
Exposition Observation Tower, Victorian Structural
Expressionist
Gustave Eiffel
A symbol of Paris worldwide. 985'
high rugged tracery of iron work.
Commission from competition
victory.
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Prepared by SKA

7. POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH
Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering C 2329 History of Modern Architecture
William Morris
(London, England 1834 – 1896)
William Morris was an artist,
designer, printer, typographer,
bookbinder, craftsman, poet,
writer and champion of socialist
ideals. He believes that nature
was the perfect example of
God's creation.
FOUNDER OF ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT Prepared by SKA

8. POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH
Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering C 2329 History of Modern Architecture
The Arts and Crafts Movement was a reaction
against the poor quality of design during the
Industrial Revolution.
The members of the Arts and Crafts Movement
believed that the growth of industry had
destroyed traditional skills and had removed
the pride that a craftsman could find in his
work.
The members of the Arts and Crafts Movement
formed themselves into crafts guilds, based on
the medieval examples, in order to encourage
high standards of design and provide a
supportive working environment.
THE ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT Prepared by SKA

9. POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH
Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering C 2329 History of Modern Architecture
Arts and Crafts, or Craftsman, houses have
many of these features:
•Wood, stone, or stucco siding
•Low-pitched roof
•Wide eaves with triangular brackets
•Exposed roof rafters
•Porch with thick square or round columns
•Stone porch supports
•Exterior chimney made with stone
•Open floor plans; few hallways
•Numerous windows
•Some windows with stained or leaded glass The red house
•Beamed ceilings
•Dark wood wainscoting and mouldings
•Built-in cabinets, shelves, and seating
THE ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT Prepared by SKA

10. POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH
Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering C 2329 History of Modern Architecture
Victor Horta Henry Van De Velde Antonio Gaudi
(Belgian architect, 1861 – 1947) (Belgian architect, 1863 – 1957) (Spanish architect,1852 – 1926)
Victor Horta created buildings Borrowing from his own Flemish Gaudi developed a sensuous,
which rejected historical styles background and the English curving, almost surreal design
and marked the beginning of Arts & Crafts movement, Van style which established him as
modern architecture. He de Velde developed a highly the innovative leader of the
conceived modern architecture detailed, style. Using concrete Spanish Art Nouveau movement.
as an abstract principle derived as an expressive element, he With little regard for formal order,
from relations to the environment, created ornamental designs he juxtaposed unrelated systems
rather than on the imitation of and ornate interiors which and altered established visual
forms. Organic forms established directly influenced the Art order. Gaudi's characteristically
by Horta do not meet standard Nouveau movement. warped form of Gothic
ideas of modern architecture, but architecture drew admiration
Horta generated references ideas from other avant-garde artists.
of many modernist.
THE ART NOUVEAU MOVEMENT Prepared by SKA

11. POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH
Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering C 2329 History of Modern Architecture
Victor Horta Henry Van De Velde Antonio Gaudi
•Museum Horta •Casa Batllo
•Sagrada Familia
TASSEL HOUSE
BLOEMENWERF HOUSE CASA MILA
Van de Velde gave everything in
Also "Hotel Tassel". Elegant urban Expressionistic, fantastic, organic
the house, from the door
house with facade defined forms in undulating facade and
furnishings to the wallpaper, the
around centered, stacked oriel roof line. light court.
same patterns of embellishments
bay windows and balcony.
and flowing linear shapes
THE ART NOUVEAU MOVEMENT Prepared by SKA

12. POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH
Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering C 2329 History of Modern Architecture
Characteristics of Art Nouveau
•Art Nouveau means for “new styles” in French
• styles developed in response to industrial revolution
and art and craft movement.
• Well known in French, Belgium and Germany.
Nama panggilan mengikut negara
England – Modern Style
USA – Tiffany Style
German – Jugendstil
Italy – Stile Liberty
Spain – Modernisme
Bahan-bahan yang selalu digunakan.
- Iron
- Stained glasses
-The Curing Door Handles (Pemegang pintu yang
lentik)
- The Vegetal Curve Dynamic beauty of the banister
(Susur tangan yang melengkung dan bercorak
tumbuh-tumbuhan)
- The Slender Iron Pillars (tiang besi yang ramping)
- The coiling patterns of the mosaic floors.
THE ART NOUVEAU MOVEMENT Prepared by SKA

13. POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH
Architecture Unit, Department of Civil Engineering C 2329 History of Modern Architecture
Louis Henry Sullivan
(Boston, 1856 – 1924)
Sullivan's designs generally involved a simple
geometric form decorated with ornamentation
based on organic symbolism. As an organizer
and formal theorist on aesthetics, he
propounded an architecture that exhibited the
spirit of the time and needs of the people.
Considered one of the most influential forces in
the Chicago School, his philosophy that form
should always follow function went beyond
functional and structural expressions.
He influenced by Hobson Richardson, whom
Sullivan was a great admirer.
"Schlesinger-Mayer Store", "Carson, Pirie and
Scott Store", Chicago.
Form Follows
Function!
FATHER OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE Prepared by SKA