How to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected Worker
Physical Layer of ISO-OSI model and Devices
1. Computer Networks
ISO – OSI Physical Layer Devices
Presentation By : Md. Shahid Khan
Headed By : Jani Sir
2. ISO-OSI Model
InternationalStandardsOrganization-OpenSystemsInterconnection
The concept of a seven-layer model was provided by the
work of Charles Bachman, Honeywell Information
Services.
OSI is not a protocol but a model for understanding and
designing a network architecture that is flexible and
robust.
“Open” means the concepts are non propriety , can be
used by anyone.
4. Functions Of Layers
To allow access to network resources.
To translate , encrypt and compress data.
To establish , manage and terminate sessions.
To provide reliable end-to-end message
delivery.
To move packets from source to destination.
To organize bits into frames.
To transmit bits over a medium and provide
electrical specs.
5. Physical Layer (PHY)
The physical layer consists of the basic networking
hardware transmission technologies of a network.
It is a fundamental layer underlying the logical data
structures of the higher level functions in a network.
Due to the plethora of available hardware technologies
with widely varying characteristics, this is perhaps the
most complex layer in the OSI architecture.
10. Standard RJ45
• Ethernet physical layer device.
• A standard 8P8C (often called RJ45) connector used most commonly
on cat5 cable, one of the types of cabling used in Ethernet networks
• Standard IEEE 802.3 (2002 onwards)
• Physical media Coaxial cable, twisted pair, optical fiber
• Network topology Point-to-point, star, bus
• Major variants 10BASE-T, 10BASE2,100BASE-TX ,100BASE-T
• Maximum distance 100 metres over twisted pair, up to 100 km
over optical fibre.
• The Ethernet physical layer is the physical layer component of the
Ethernet family of computer network standards.
11. InterconnectingLANs
Q: Why not just one big LAN?
Limited amount of supportable traffic: on single LAN, all
stations must share bandwidth
limited length: 802.3 (Ethernet) specifies maximum cable
length
large “collision domain” (can collide with many stations)
limited number of stations: 802.5 (token ring) have token
passing delays at each station
12. Repeaters
Why to need - Attenuation : Length of cable
used influence the quality of
communication.
Repeaters repeat signals
– Clean and boost digital transmission.
Repeaters only work with the physical
signal
– Cannot reformat, resize, or manipulate the data.