1. Training course on canopy management & pruning of fruit
trees
15-May-2017
1
By: Khwaja Mohammad Shafi Seddeqi
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock
Directorate General Agriculture Extension and Development
Directorate Horticulture Development

3. 1. Objectives
2. Introduction
3.Canopy Management
4. Canopy definition
5. Natural resource
6. Canopy management
7. Training pruning system
8. Pruning objective
9. Pruning systems
content

4. Introduction
Our farmers have fruit production for better income.
If they use canopy management and pruning
• They can control plant growth
• increasing production with higher quality

5. What is canopy management ????
• Canopy management of fruit trees deals with the
development and maintenance of their structure in
relation to the size and shape for maximum yield
and quality.

6. Definition of canopy Management
• Canopy Management in temperate fruit crops for
efficient utilization of natural resources

7. Natural resources
• Land
• Water
• Light
• Root stock
• Different varieties

8. Why use canopy management?
• For higher density of trees/ unit area
• For proper use of natural resources
• For better manage of agronomical activities
• For good colure of fruits
• Reduction of pests and diseases
• Increase production/unit area
• Annually regular fruit production

9. Canopy management
Manipulation of the Structure of fruit trees
Mostly for short statured tree
Aim: to capture maximum of sunlight
Result: maximum yield and quality
Pyramid VaseStick tree Colomn V-shape

10. Good Canopy management = Correct pruning
Correct pruning
Incorrect pruning
Planting
Material

11. Principle of canopy
• When we decrease the tree size
–shaded area decreased,
–leaf area also decreased,
–total leaf area increased
–the tree will receive 30% extra light
–spur and flower initiation take place
–Extra light is good for fruit size and color

12. Training is making Tree shapes
• Training for weak stem plants
(Grapes and Kiwi fruits).
• Head stem, knifing, telephone,
bower, taturs trellis etc.

13. Training system and tree forms
1 - Columnar
•This plant form is suitable for tree with spur
type branching system like pear
•The columnar plant forms consist of a single
stem with small side branches.
• In this system 10000 trees /ha are reached.
•Trees are shaped like columns with site
uniform branches from button up to top

14. 2 -Globular
• It is an open centre Canopy. The
most productive part is at the
top of periphery
• large part of the tree remain
unproductive, These trees with
their regular rounded shape.

15. 3 -Conical shape
• It forms light efficient canopies in
which the top of tree does not
heavily shaded the bottom branches.
• major portion of the bearing is close
to the ground. The open framework
allows sunlight to penetrate into
inner most part of the tree.

16. 4 - Open-head irregular
• The branching pattern of the
tree is irregular
• Creating open irregular canopy
shape.

17. 5 - Weeping
• Branches of weeping trees
droop downward and are
converted with graceful
cascading foliage

18. 6 - Pyramidal
• In this system the button branches are
wider and narrower to the top
• In this system the central leader stem is
narrow and frames are used
• This frame can keep tree with 2m high
• In this system the lights penetrate until 1
m inside the tree

19. 7 - Vase
• Vase shaped canopies branches grow at sharp upward
angle from the trunk.
• Fruit production of Vase canopy has yield 34 t/ha.
Pear tree

20. 8 - Vertical Tree Walls
• In the vertical axis system the trees are trained and maintained in a
narrow leader.
• Maximize light penetration with in a tree canopy.
• supported by trellis, consisting of a conduct or a wooden conducting
the tops of the branches
• light penetrates the canopies to a depth of 1 m, hence illumination
from both sides provides adequate light

21. 9 -Horizontal Canopy
• This provides uniform
light exposure to the
entire bearing surface
from the top.
• Hence effective
thickness of the canopy
is limited to 1 m.
• This canopy shape has a
potential for mechanical
harvesting of fruit.
“

22. Ways to create dwarf trees
1. Use of Root stocks
2. Use of growth regulators
3. Pruning

23. Clone:-
• Suddenly exchange in a plant which has
complete character diversity with the initial
plant and the exchange part propagated as
sexual.
• Apple sapling propagated a sexual by clone as
follows:-

24. Trench:-
1- In first spring
maling root stock
planted.

25. Continue:-
2- Laying of sapling
and covering with
the soil 3-4 times
,developing roots
during whole grow
season.

26. Continue:-
3- In the autumn of
first year after
fallen of the leaves
we have branches
with roots.

27. Continuation:-
4- Removal of the soil
from branches with
new roots.

28. Continue:-
5-in the spring of second
year new branches with
roots are ready for
planting.

29. Continue:-
1- Spring of first year
which maling of root
stock is planted.

30. Continue:-
2- Autumn of first year
after fallen of the
leaves.

31. Continue:-
3- Spring of the second
year cutting branches of
the upper part before
growth.

32. Continue:-
4- Production of new
branches with roots
from root stock during
whole growth season.

33. Continue:-
5- Autumn of the second
year malling of the root
stock after fallen leaves.

34. Continue:-
6- Spring of the third
year which new
branches with root
growth are ready for
planting.

35. Continue:-
7- Spring of the third
year malign root stock
which new branches
are separated.

36. Stooling life cycle:-

37. Ways to create dwarf trees
1-1-Root stocksRoot stocks
Apple:Apple: M-9, M-27, M-26, MM-106 MM-111M-9, M-27, M-26, MM-106 MM-111

38. Ways to create dwarf trees
2- Growth Regulators like2- Growth Regulators like
pactobutrozolpactobutrozol

39. Ways to create dwarf trees
3. Pruning the trees with proper pruning
tools

40. Practical on
pruning tools

41. Pruning tools & equipments
Pruning shears
Pruning saw
Pruning lopper

42. Pruning tools & equipments

43. Hedge shears
Pruning tools & equipments

44. Pruning tools & equipments
Telescope tree
pruner

45. Open tree shapes

46. Open tree shape V shape

47. Open tree shape V- shape

48. Open tree shape V- shape

49. Single in row planting

50. Zig-Zag planting

51. Open tree shape V- shape

53. Pruning purpose
• Pruning will balance between
– vegetative (growing) phase and
– productive (flower) phase
• Cutting of undesirable branches
• Develop a wanted plant shapes
– with good light distribution,
– small in size
– easy to manage
• Keep trees young for many years

54. Crossing
branches

55. Cut thin spurs

56. Cut inward growing

57. Cont……
• Cutting of branch from
the level of trunk
• Covering of the cutting
parts by wax or
painting oil.

58. Specification of pruning:
• Age of the tree
• Frame work of the tree
• Growth habit
• Yearly (annually) fruit production

59. Pruning system
• open center system

60. Modified leader system

61. Central leader system

62. Which branches have to be cut
• Branches with less than 40
degree angle
• Branches with more than
80 degree angle
• Braches located to each
other
• Diseased branches

63. Cont….
•Braches which are parallel
to each other
•Branches which are vertical
• sucker have to be cut

64. cont.....
• Broken branchesBulky branches

65. Difference between stone and pome fruit
Stone fruit Pome fruit
Open system Central leader system
Age of fruit bud 8 -10 year Age of fruit bud 8 -10 year
Pruning fter harvesting
before falling leaves
Time of pruning end of winter
(dormancy)
Use more amount of N for
energy producing
Use less amount of N fertilizer
to reduce branch growth

66. Growth of lateral branches in the row
• Planting of sapling in row
uptake of more light
• Planting of sapling in north
and south direction cause
light penetration from east
and west direction

67. Thanks for your kind attention