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Chapter 10 Nervous System I - Basic Structure and Function
1.
Copyright ©
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 10 Lecture PowerPoint
2.
2401 Anatomy and
Physiology I Chapter 10 Susan Gossett [email_address] Department of Biology Paris Junior College
3.
Hole’s Human Anatomy
and Physiology Twelfth Edition Shier Butler Lewis Chapter 10 Nervous System I: Basic Structure and Function Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
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Divisions Nervous System
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Sensory division Sensory receptors Motor division Skeletal muscle Brain (a) (b) Spinal cord Spinal nerves Cranial nerves Central Nervous System (brain and spinal cord) Peripheral Nervous System (cranial and spinal nerves) Smooth muscle Cardiac muscle Glands Autonomic Nervous System Somatic Nervous System
8.
10.1 Clinical Application
Migraine
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10.
11.
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Neuron Structure Copyright
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Cell body Neurofibrils Nucleus Nucleolus Dendrites Impulse Nodes of Ranvier Myelin (cut) Axon Axon Chromatophilic substance (Nissl bodies) Axonal hillock Portion of a collateral Schwann cell Nucleus of Schwann cell Synaptic knob of axon terminal
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10.2 Clinical Application
Multiple Sclerosis
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Types of Neuroglial
Cells Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Microglial cell Axon Oligodendrocyte Astrocyte Capillary Neuron Myelin sheath (cut) Node of Ranvier Ependymal cell Fluid-filled cavity of the brain or spinal cord
21.
Regeneration of A
Nerve Axon Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Axon Site of injury Schwann cells (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Changes over time Motor neuron cell body Former connection reestablished Schwann cells proliferate Schwann cells degenerate Proximal end of injured axon regenerates into tube of sheath cells Distal portion of axon degenerates Skeletal muscle fiber
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Local Potential Changes
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. – 62 mV Na + Na + Neurotransmitter (a) – 55 mV Na + Na + Na + Na + Na + Trigger zone (axon hillock) (b) Chemically-gated Na + channel Presynaptic neuron Voltage-gated Na + channel
30.
31.
Action Potentials Copyright
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Milliseconds 1 0 0 +20 +40 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Membrane potential (millivolts) Action potential Hyperpolarization – 40 – 20 – 60 – 80 Resting potential Resting potential reestablished
32.
Action Potentials Copyright
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. (a) Direction of nerve impulse + + + + + – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + (b) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + (c) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Region of action potential
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Impulse Conduction
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10.3 Clinical Application
Factors Affecting Impulse Conduction
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Neurotransmitters
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Neurotransmitters
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10.4 Clinical Application
Opiates in the Human Body
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