The differences of hv's and havenot's incase of ICT is called digital divide. The presentation focuses on digital divide in education. The concept explained with facts available on the net. The facts are included and referred in the show. The purpose of the presentation is pure academic and not commercial. the citation has been given. Concept of digital divide, global facts of digital divide with special reference to India, reasons behind digital divide and solutions of it has been mentioned in the presentation
4. Global Scenario of ICT
• At the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) a UN
Summit organized by the InternationalTelecommunication
Union in a unique two-phase format (Geneva 2003,Tunis 2005),
governments and world leaders made a strong commitment
towards building a people-centered, inclusive and development-
oriented Information Society for all, where everyone can access,
utilize and share information and knowledge.
• WSIS has identified the need to measure the advances made in
breaching the digital divide and in promoting the broad
development goals included in the United Nations Millennium
Declaration through increased access and use of ICTs.
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5. Millennium Development Goals
• The eight Millennium DevelopmentGoals (MDGs) –
which range from halving extreme poverty to
halting the spread of HIV/AIDS and providing
universal primary education, all by the target date
of 2015 – form a blueprint agreed to by all the
world’s countries and all the world’s leading
development institutions.They have galvanized
unprecedented efforts to meet the needs of the
world’s poorest.
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7. 17 Goals to Transform Our World
• In 2015, countries adopted the 2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development and its 17 Sustainable
Development Goals. In 2016, the Paris Agreement on
climate change entered into force, addressing the need to
limit the rise of global temperatures.
• Governments, businesses and civil society together with
the United Nations are mobilizing efforts to achieve the
Sustainable Development Agenda by 2030. Universal,
inclusive and indivisible, the Agenda calls for action by all
countries to improve the lives of people everywhere.
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8. Sustainable Development Goals
•The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
are a collection of 17 global goals set by the
United Nations.The broad goals are
interrelated though each has its own targets
to achieve. ...The SDGs are also known as
"Transforming our World: the 2030 Agenda
for Sustainable Development" or Agenda
2030 in short.
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18. Digital Divide
• When they met in NewYork last September to
agree the sustainable development goals (SDGs),
which will underpin the development agenda for
the next 15 years, the UNs 193 member states
agreed to “strive to provide universal and
affordable access to the internet in least
developed countries by 2020” -
https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/feb/22/secret-
formula-bridging-digital-divide-1-for-2-alliance-for-affordable-internet-
access
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19. .Digital Divide : Definition
• The "digital divide" - a term that refers to the gaps in
access to information and communication technology
(ICT) - threatens the ICT "have-nots", whether
individuals, groups or entire countries.
• Education and learning lie at the heart of these issues
and their solutions.The gaps that define the "learning
digital divide" are thus as important as the more obvious
gaps in access to the technology itself.
• https://www.oecd.org/site/schoolingfortomorrowknowledgebase/themes/ict/bridgi
ngthedigitaldivide.htm
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20. Global Digital Divide
•The divide between differing countries or
regions of the world is referred to as the
global digital divide, examining this
technological gap between developing and
developed countries on an international scale.
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22. Second Digital Divide
• One of the key findings from a recent report by
the OECD was that "the digital divide in education
goes beyond the issue of access to technology. A
second digital divide separates those with the
competencies and skills to benefit from computer
use from those without."
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26. Digital Access Index (DAI)
• The DigitalAccess Index reflects the ability of each
country's population to take advantage of internet
communication technologies.
• It is a composite score of eight variables describing
availability of infrastructure, affordability of access,
educational level, quality of information and
communication technology services, and Internet
usage.
• Source - http://www.itu.int/
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27. Digital Access Index
• The Digital Access Index (DAI) measures the overall
ability of individuals in a country to access and use
information and communication technologies.
• It consists of eight variables organized into five
categories.
• Each variable is converted to an indicator with a value
between zero and one by dividing it by the maximum
value or “goalpost”. Each indicator is then weighted
within its category and the resulting category index
values are averaged to obtain the overall DAI value.
• Source - http://www.itu.int/
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31. Digital Opportunity Index (DOI)
•The Digital Opportunity Index (DOI) is based
on 11 ICT indicators, grouped in 3 clusters:
opportunity, infrastructure and utilization.
•The Digital Opportunity Index measures these
aspects, including price and affordability of
ICTs (Internet and mobile), relative to average
income.
• Source - http://www.itu.int/
• /
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32. Digital Opportunity Index (DOI)
•The Digital Opportunity Index measures the
ICT penetration of households and individuals
relative to 100% ownership, to measure
growth in the ICT development of each
economy over time.
•This enables cross-country comparisons, as
well as comparisons of growth in digital
opportunity over time.
• Source - http://www.itu.int/
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35. ICT Development Index
•The ICT Development Index (IDI), which has
been published annually since 2009, is a
composite index that combines 11 indicators
into one benchmark measure.
•It is used to monitor and compare
developments in information and
communication technology (ICT) between
countries and over time.
• Source - http://www.itu.int/
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36. ICT Development Index
• ITU is the United Nations specialized agency for
information and communication technologies – ICTs
calculates IDI
Stage 1: ICT readiness – reflecting the level of networked
infrastructure and access to ICTs;
• Stage 2: ICT intensity – reflecting the level of use of ICTs in
the society; and
• Stage 3: ICT impact – reflecting the results/outcomes of
more efficient and effective ICT use.
• Source - http://www.itu.int/
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Comparsion Report World_India_
World India
IDI 2017 Rank - 134
IDI 2016 Rank - 138
IDI 2017 Value 5.11 3.03
IDI 2016 Value 4.94 2.65
IDI ACCESS SUB-INDEX 5.59 3.6
Fixed-telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 13.57 1.88
Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 101.53 86.95
International internet bandwidth per Internet user (Bit/s) 74464 15956.28
Percentage of households with computer 46.61 15.2
Percentage of households with Internet access 51.46 22.64
IDI USE SUB-INDEX 4.26 1.62
Percentage of individuals using the Internet 45.91 29.55
Fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 12.39 1.44
Active mobile-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 52.23 16.76
IDI SKILLS SUB-INDEX 5.85 4.73
Mean years of schooling 8.52 6.3
Secondary gross enrolment ratio 84 74.28
Tertiary gross enrolment ratio 38.69 25.54
45. Behind Digital Divide in India
Parameters
Spatial
Location
Economical
status
Social
Barriers
Policies
Disabilities
Geographical
Location
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46. Behind Digital Divide in India
•Lack of Physical Resources
•Lack of trained/skilled Human Resource
•Lack of connectivity
•Lack of preparedness/awareness
•Lack of political and administrative will
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47. Bridging Digital Divide
• Govt. schemes to provide ICT tools, infrastructure,
connectivity and training
• NGO initiatives
• ICT Awareness through Skill based approach
• Management & Community Contribution
• Blended Learning approach
• Use of AssistiveTechnology
• Justified use of ICT with basics of pedagogy
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48. •‘Technology will not replace great
teachers but technology in the hands of
great teachers can be transformable’
– George Course
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