3. ๏ก Most Inmates Eventually Released into
Society
๏ง Over three-fourths will be on parole
๏ง Parole
โช Grace or privilege
โช Contract of consent
โช Custody
4. ๏ง Number of Adults under Parole Supervision,
1980-2007.
5. ๏ก Maconochie
๏ง Classification procedure
โช Strict imprisonment
โช Labor on chain gangs
โช Freedom within a limited area
โช Ticket-of-leave or parole with conditional pardon
โช Full restoration of liberty
6. ๏ก Crofton
๏ง Progress through prison and ticket-of-leave
linked
๏ง Parole included a series of conditions
โช Report monthly to police
7. ๏ก United States
๏ง Brockway
โช Elmira Reformatory
๏ง Indeterminate sentencing followed by parole
๏ง U.S. Board of Parole
10. ๏ก Procedure
๏ง Eligibility
โช Sentence
โช Statutory criteria
โช Conduct prior to incarceration
โช Often minimum sentence minus good time
โช Parole board discretion
โช One-third to one-half of the maximum sentence
11. ๏ก Release Criteria
๏ง Normally include at least eight factors
โช Offense
โช Prior criminal record
โช Attitudes
โช Institutional adjustment/participation/progress
โช History of community adjustment
โช Physical, mental, and emotional health
โช Insight into causes of past criminal conduct
โช Adequacy of parole plan
12. ๏ก Release Criteria
๏ง Discretionary
โช Moral judgments
โช Culpability
โช Adequacy of sentence
โช DNA
โช Legal and ethical issues
13. ๏ก Structuring Parole Decisions
๏ง Parole guidelines
๏ง Three criteria
โช Substantial observance of institutional rules
โช Release will not devalue seriousness of offense or
promote disrespect for the law
โช Release will not jeopardize public welfare
14. ๏ก The Impact of Release Mechanisms
๏ง Shorten a sentence
๏ง Encourages plea bargaining
๏ง Mitigates the harshness of the penal code
๏ง Reduce prison populations
15. ๏ก Second Chance Act of 2007
๏ง Provides federal grants to states and
communities to support reentry initiatives
โช Employment
โช Housing
โช substance abuse
โช Mental health treatment
โช Children and family services
16. ๏ก Community Supervision
๏ง Conditions of release
โช Abstain from alcohol
โช Stay away from undesirable associates
โช maintain good work habits
โช Do not leave the community without permission
17. ๏ก Revocation
๏ง Parole can be revoked for two reasons
โช Committing a new crime
โช Violating conditions of parole
๏ง In practice
โช Usually requires persistent non-compliance or
โช Arrest on a serious charge
๏ง Supreme Court requirements
18. ๏ก Revocation
๏ง Percentage of Prison Admissions Who are Parole Violators
19. ๏ก Parole Officer
๏ง Surveillance
โช Restriction
โช Enforcement
โช Revocation
๏ง Assistance
โช Jobs
โช Families
โช Human service agencies
20. ๏ก The Strangeness of Reentry
๏ง Changes
๏ง Unfamiliar freedom
๏ก Supervision and Surveillance
๏ง Not really free
21. ๏ก The Problem of Unmet Personal Needs
๏ง Education
๏ง Money
๏ง Job
๏ง Drug and alcohol problems
๏ง Mental health
๏ง Housing
22. ๏ก Barriers to Success
๏ง Employment
โช Conviction viewed as
untrustworthy
โช Statutory bars
โช Expungement
โช Pardon
23. ๏ก Barriers to Success
๏ง Civil disabilities
โช Right to vote and hold public office
โช โWar on Drugsโ
โช Access to public assistance and food stamps
โช Living in public housing
โช Having a driverโs license
โช Being a foster parent or adopting children
โช Receiving student loans
24. ๏ก Four Factors
๏ง Get substance abuse under control.
๏ง Get a job.
๏ง Develop a support group of family and friends.
๏ง Get a sense of โwho I am.โ
25. ๏ก Reentry Courts
๏ง Judicial supervision
๏ง Emphasis on involvement of judicial and
correctional officials in
โช Prerelease needs of prisoner
โช Linkages to family
โช Social services
โช Housing
โช Employment