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- 1. Dosen : Rahmat Muhajir Nugroho, SH www.sesukakita.wordpress.com
- 3. www.sesukakita.wordpress.com Variabel Prosentase Nilai Ujian Mid Semester 30 % Nilai Ujian Akhir Semester 35 % Tugas 2 0% Kehadiran 10 % Kuis 5 %
- 21. Preamble and Article 1: Equality, dignity and brotherhood Articles 2-11: Personal rights Articles 12-17: Relation- ship between people Articles 18-21: Public freedoms Political rights Articles 22-27: Economic Social Cultural rights Articles 28 -30: International order for implementation www.sesukakita.wordpress.com
Hinweis der Redaktion
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- Constitution of the United Nations. It was signed at San Francisco on June 26, 1945 by the 50 original member countries (without Indonesia) As a treaty, all signatories are bound by international law to obey the provisions of the Charter. Furthermore, it explicitly says that the Charter trumps all other treaty obligations. Human Rights mentioned in Preamble, Article 1, Article 55 – the role of the UN to promote HR Bodies responsible within the UN: General assembly (art 13) and ECOSOC (Economic and Social Council): 62 and 68 Human Rights left by ECOSOC to Human Rights Commission (Estb 1946) Article 68 it required the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) to “set up commissions in economic and social fields and for the promotion of human rights.” Article 68 in fact makes the Human Rights Commission the only commission of the entire United Nations system that is mandated by the Charter. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is thus born out of the Charter references to human rights in the Preamble and in Articles 1, 55 and 56 and represents the attempt to define and explain what the Charter meant by the term “human rights. (Indonesia – 1950 -1965 rejoined for the General assembly 21st session in 1966) www.sesukakita.wordpress.com
- Human Rights Commission worked full time on the draft text for two years. 8 member drafting committee – 18 member commission. Australia, Chile, China, France, Lebanon, the USSR, the UK and the US Original 3: Eleanor Roosevelt, Peng-chun Chang and Charles Habib Malik Left: The Commission on Human Rights at work during its first session. From left to right are William Roy Hodgson of Australia; the Commission’s Vice-chairman Dr. P.C. Chang of China; Henri Laugier of France, the Assistant Secretary General, Department of Social Affairs; Eleanor Roosevelt, Chairman and United States representative to the Commission on Human Rights; Professor John Humphrey of Canada, the Director of the Human Rights Division of the United Nations’ Secretariat’s Right: Commission Chair Eleanor Roosevelt engages Rapporteur Charles Malik of Lebanon and Vice-Chairman Rene Cassin of France in a discussion. www.sesukakita.wordpress.com
- Top left: The Commission on Human Rights at work. From left to right are Chang, Laugier, Roosevelt, Humphrey, Malik, and Koretsky. Top right: Eleanor Roosevelt, Chairman and United States representative to the Commission on Human Rights, speaks before the assembled members of the third session of the Commission on Human Rights; June 9, 1947, Lake Success, NY. Bottom left: Soviet representative to the Commission, A.P. Pavlov. Bottom right: Eleanor Roosevelt greets an enthusiastic P.C. Chang, representative of China and Vice-chairman of the Commission on Human Rights. www.sesukakita.wordpress.com
- It turned out to be extremely difficult to agree on a text, and it was decided to first issue a non-binding declaration, and later work on a human rights convention. Adopted by the UN General Assembly 10. December 1948. (Human Rights Day) 48 to 0 – 8 abstained: Mostly East Eurpoens since it did not go far enough: wanted explisist condemnation of nazism and facism Saudi Arabia since it gave men and women equal right to marry and the right to change religion – other muslim countires approved such as Syria, Iran, Pakistan and Turkey. South Africa : Apartheid www.sesukakita.wordpress.com
- One of the main architects of the Declaration: French law proffessor and diplomat Rene Cassin – later received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1968 for his work on the declaration (although ¾ was taken by a previous draft preparaed by Canadian law proffessor John P. Humphrey) Cassin fought and was wounded during the first world war, and was compassionate about the protection of men, women and children. The Frech lawyer and Nobel Laureate Rene Cassins has described the structure of human rights as a house: www.sesukakita.wordpress.com
- Ground: Preamble and Article 1: “ All people are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards eachother in a spirit of brotherhood” Artinya : Sekalian orang dilahirkan merdeka dan mempunyai martabat dan hak-hak yang sama. Mereka dikaruniai akal dan budi dan hendaknya bergaul satu sama lain dalam persaudaraan. Kuncinya : Persamaan, Martabat dan Persaudaraan Four pillars: Articles 2-11: Personal rights, antara lain : Berhak atas penghidupan, kemerdekaan dan keselamatan Tidak boleh diperbudak/diperhambakan Tidak boleh dianiaya/diperlakukan secara kejam Pengakuan sebagai manusia pribadi Sama terhadap undang-undang dan berhak atas perlindungan yang sama. Berhak atas pengadilan yang efektif Tidak boleh ditangkap, ditahan, atau dibuang secara sewenang-wenang Berhak dalam persamaan yang sepenuhnya didengarkan suaranya dimuka umum dan secara adil oleh pengadilan Praduga tidak bersalah Tidak boleh dengan hukum yang berlaku surut Articles 12-17: Rights in relationship with people Tidak boleh diganggu dalam urusan perseorangan Kebebasan bergerak dan berdiam Berhak meninggalkan negeri dan kembali ke negerinya Berhak mendapatkan suaka dari negara lain Hak suatu kewarganegaraan dan tidak boleh dg semena2 dapat dikeluarkan dari kewarganegaraannya/ditolak haknya untuk mengganti kewarganegaraan Berhak mencari jodoh dan membentuk keluarga Berhak mempunyai milik pribadi maupun bersama-sama Tidak boleh dirampas miliknya dengan semena-mena. Articles 18-21: Public freedoms and political rights Kebebasan berpikir dan beragama Kebebasan berpendapat Kebebasan berkumpul dan berapat Berhak turut serta dalam pemerintahan Articles 22-27: Economic, social and Cultural rights Berhak atas jaminan sosial Berhak atas pekerjaan Berhak atas pengupahan yang sama Berhak mendirikan dan memasuki sarikat pekerja. Berhak atas istirahat dan liburan Berhak atas tingkat hidup yang menjamin kesehatan Ibu dan anak-anak berhak mendapat perawatan dan bantuan khusus Berhak mendapatkan pengajaran Berhak atas kebudayaan Roof: Articles 28-30: An international order for implementation of rights Setiap orang berhak atas suatu susunan sosial internasional yang di dalamnya hak-hak dan kebebasan-kebebasan yang termaktub di dalam pernyataan ini dapat dilaksanakan sepenuhnya. Kewajiban kepada masyarakat Tunduk pada pembatasan2 yang ditetapkan undang-undang www.sesukakita.wordpress.com