1. GUIDE 4: CULTURES,BUSSINES
AND COMUNICATION

2. 1.1 Vocabulary
1.1.1. Page 97.
Exercise A-Answers
A business today have advanced in technology and so has improved
communication between the company and its employees, this communication is
personal, whether by meetings, events, seminars, conferences or by virtual
means, such as emails, by social networks (Facebook, twitter, etc.) or through
the communication platforms that facilitate either the same company or the
employee or heads are out there.
Exercise B-Answers
1. Print: paper based communication, e.g. magazines, newspapers,
newsletter, letters, notes and messages.
2. Face to face: direct contact with other people, e.g. one -to-one
meeting, team meetings, forums, conferences, briefings.
3. Workplace :physical, objects in the working environment or workspace
e.g. notice boards, signs.
4. Electronic: communication using computers, phones, televisions, etc., e.g.
DVD, e-mail, voicemail, SMS messages, electronic newsletters,
conference calls.
5. Company intranet: Using social media to crete an internal community,
e.g. posting prifiles, writing blogs and wikis, starting discussion forums,
etc. Many leaders write internal blogs. Emplyees may join chat rooms,
forums or message boards to post ideas and comments or upload
imagesand discuss with other employees around the world. They may
also be able to download information from the intranet.

3. Exercise C-Answers
1. move information from a network to a PC download
2. web page written by an individual Blogs
3. put information form a PC onto a network Blogs- wikis
4. methods of communication Channels
5. knowledge-sharing site Post
6. chances for people to discuss subjects Forums
7. meetings where information or instructions are given Briefings

4. 1.1.2. Page 105.
Exercise A-Answers
Dress
1. We don't have to wear business suits at the end of the week. My
company has a system of casual fridays.
2. In many banks, staff can't wear they like. They havo to wear uniforms.
Timekeeping
1. For two weeks each month, I work at night. I can't sleep durin the day.
I hate shift work.
2. We have a flextime system in our office. Some people choose to work
from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.: others work from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.
Time off
1. I am so busy at the moment that I worked on New Year's Day, which is
a(n) public holiday.
2. How many day's annual leave do you get in your company?

5. Reporting procedures
1. We often speak on the phone, but never face to face.
2. He upload a(n) written report on the company intranet each month.
Types of meeting
1. Our department starts every day with a(n) informal meeting. It is
very relaxed.
2. Companies have an Annual General Meeting (AGM) once a year. it is a
very formal meeting, with a lot of people.
Names
1. In some countries, the company culture is formal. Staff use job title
when they speak to each other.
2. What's your first name now? Are you Chief Executive?

6. Exercise B-Answers
I would like an organization that provides uniforms and work on a flexible
schedule.
Exercise C-Answers
1. Empowers employees c
2. Supports innovation a
3. Is customer focused d
4. Rewards good performance e
5. Encourages trust at all levels b

7. 1.1.3. Page 113.
Exercise A-Answers
1. Lead a team of 25.
2. set up a new branch in Amsterdam
3. increase new staff
4. improve sales in all markets
5. develop new products
6. train communication between our head office and local branches
7. cope with strict deadlines and work well under pressure
Exercise B-Answers
1. Manage a large department in the clothing industry
2. Plan budgets
3. Organize sales conferences and trade exhibitions
4. Deal with customers, suppliers and their problems
5. Motivate employees and sales teams to get the best results

8. 1.1.4. Objeto 1. Match words.

9. 1.2 Grammar
1.2.1 page 98-99
Exercise A-Answers
1. came max come to the meeting tomorrow?
2. No, he's not in the office. He travel on business all week.
3. He come not came back until next Monday
Exercise B-Answers
I'm meeting Mr Yamashiro next week. he arriving on Tuesday night on
Wednesday, I take him to the factory. I not see him on Thursday but I drive
him to the airport on Friday.
Exercise C-Answers
1. I will study for the final match of English
2. I will be voting jury for election as President
3. I will work all week in books Agreements
4. I visit my sister and nephews.

10. Exercise D-Answers
1. The computers are very slow. What are we going to do about it?
2. We are not going to buy new computers. I think it's too expensive.
3. We are going to upgrade the software instead.
Exercise E-Answers
1. T
2. T
3. F she is going to stay with her family
4. T
5. F He is going to buy a motorbike.
Exercise F-Answers
Fixed arrangement fo next week:
 Go away for the weekend
 Write a report
 Attend a meeting
 Visit to my sister
Intentions fo next year:
 Do more exercise
 Do a course
 Having a baby
 Having my own business

11. 1.2.2 page 101
Exercise A-Answers
1. As a result, it will not be easy for staff to have a good work-life.
balance.
2. As a result, managers no will spend as much time travelling for work.
Exercise B-Answers
1. With the passage of time everything will be technology, we enter the area
of virtuality, emails, chat, blogs etc..
2. Remote communications is afianzarn, as the meetings will be using virtual
media or platforms like Skype, etc. ..
Exercise C-Answers
1. Sales of luxury cars will double by next year
2. I'll send you a copy of the report tomorrow morning
3. We'll finish the work before the end of June.
4. I'll be back in the office the day after tomorrow
5. We'll finish the work on the new building next July
6. In two weeks time .we'll review the budget
7. We will need to modernise our factory in the next two years
8. Most people will have a fast broadband connection at home in five year's
time.

12. Exercise D-Answers
1. I don't have a hard copy of the report b
2. I can´t find Sara's addres e
3. I think it's time to go home d
4. These boxes are so heavy a
5. I'm very thirsty c

13. 1.2.3 page 107
Exercise A-Answers
1. Our online business is bad
We should develop a better website
2. Our team is working too many hours
We should speak to our boss
3. The meeting is very important
We shouldn't be late
4. She wants to visit a lot of customers in Spain
She should stay three days
5. We have to control our costs
You shouldn't buy an expensive computer system
Exercise B-Answers
1. I don't think he should get a salary increase
2. I don't think we should launch the new product now
3. She should take customers to expensive restaurants
4. We shouldn't take every customers complaint seriously
5. I don't think staff should fly economy on every trip.

14. Exercise C-Answers
1. You shouldn't stay in an expensive hotel
2. You should plenty of business cards
3. You shouldn't arrange a lot of appointments on the same day
4. you shouldn't be late for appointments
5. You should write a short report after each meeting
6. You should keep all your receipts for travel and restaurants
1.2.4 page 109
Exercise A-Answers
1. Could I have another drink, please? P
2. Would you like a newspaper? F
3. Could you show me how to turn on the light, please? P
4. Would you like another drink? F
5. Could I have some mineral water, please? P
6. Would you like coffe or tea? F
7. Could you fasten your seat belt, please? F
8. Could you help me find the movie channel, please? P

15. Exercise B-Answers
Offers
 Would you like a newspaper?
 Would you like another drink?
 Would you like coffe or tea?
 Could you fasten your seat belt, please?
Requests
 Could I have another drink, please?
 Could you show me how to turn on the light, please?
 Could I have some mineral water, please?
 Could you help me find the movie channel, please?
Exercise C-Answers
1. Could I have a map of the city, please?
2. Could you recommend me a good restaurant?
3. Could you say that again, please?
4. Could you copy this document for me, please?
5. Could I have my bill, please?
6. Could you call me a taxi, please?

16. 1.2.5 page 114
Exercise A-Answers
1. I have given two presentations this month
2. I haven't sent any e-mails today
3. He has changed jobs recently
4. Magda has was away on business all week
5. They haven't any experience in negotiating
Exercise B-Answers
1. How many jobs have you had since leaving university? e
2. Why have you changed jobs so often? c
3. What have you done that shows leadership? b
4. In what ways has your job changed since you joined the company? a
5. Have you ever worked with a difficult person? D
Exercise C-Answers
Check the answers.

17. Exercise D-Answers
1. How have you changed over the last five years?
2. What software programs have you used recenty?
3. What have you learned from your other jobs?
4. What sort of problems you have to deal with?
5. What part of your job have you enjoyed the most?
6. Which countries have you visited for work/study?
Exercise E-Answers
1. I changed because I have more experience in my work.
2. I used microsoft recently.
3. I've learned to be more and more recursive dynamics at work
4. Be treated in compliance issues college decisions
5. I enjoyed the social events leading
6. I do not know other countries

18. 1.2.6 page 117
Exercise A-Answers
I think have had an interesting career.I studied at oxford University from
1997 to 2000. Then I applied for jobs abroad. I worked in Hong Kong for
three years, and then I come to Japan in January 2004. I have been here for
more than eight years and still love it. I'll never go back to the UK.
During my career, I did a number of different jobs, too. I have sold computer
software in Hong Kong. I have taught English for my first year in Japan. Since
then, I have run my own training company it is very successful.
Exercise B-Answers
Mr. Kato has been very busy
a. This week
b. last week
c. since Monday
d. last month
e. two weeks ago
f. For the last two weeks
g. yesterday
h. today
i. recently

19. 2.1 Reading
2.1.1

20. 2.1.2 Page 99-100
Exercise A-Answers
1. What mobile phone do you have?
I have an IPhone 4s
2. How often do you use it each day?
I use it frequently
3. What do you mainly use it for?
Mainly I use it to chat with my family and with my co-workers and study.
4. Do you use the same mobile for business and private calls?
No, I have another phone for work.
Exercise B-Answers
No wonder the use Vittorio gives the communication technology, using tools
that gives you the technology to separate your personal life from business, in
the use of video calling is understandable that you do not like and noting when
talking on the phone and not pleasant to be in front of a screen.

21. Exercise C-Answers
1. How many mobile phones does Mr. Colao have?
Mr. Colao has 3 mobiles phones
2. What does he use for These phones?
Blackberry: Business and e-mails and swap with colleagues
Samsung 360: to keep in touch and access facebook.
3. According To Mr. Colao, Do Their executives use mobiles more in
northen or southern Europe?
They use more executives southern Europe the mobiles phones
4. How does I Use These communication technologies?
Conference calling: are useful especially for keeping up to date on
projects
Facebook: only use this network has no time for others.

22. Exercise D-Answers
1. To exchange contact
2. To get into access
3. Behaving in a controlled way disciplined
4. someone who likes something very much I like
Exercise E-Answers
A: Do you use mobile phones?
B: yes, I'm using them
A: What do you use it for?
B: I'm use to Iphone
A: What other equipment would be useful?
B: The Ipad is used

23. 2.1.3 Lessons in cultural difference on page 108.
Exercise A-Answers
1. All meetings about have fixed start and finishing times. I don’t agree
2. Being on time is equally important in all situations. I agree
3. It’s more important to learn about the culture of the country you do business
with than to learn the language. I agree
4. There's no point having a detailed plan before you start a project. Things
always change, and you need to be very flexible. I don´t agree
Exercise B-Answers
The causes of cultural misunderstandings between Brazil and China are:
1. Punctuality: The Chinese are compliments and Brazilian are not.
Language: as they may have misunderstood when communicating eg in information sent
by e-mail

24. Exercise C-Answers
1. Brazil's biggest trading partner today is the US. (F)
It’s now China
2. At Chinbra, students spend most of the time learning Mandarin. (T)
3. Charles tang thinks deals go wrong mainly because of language problems (T)
4. For the Chinese, being on time is very important (T)
5. Brazilians don't give a lot of importance to planning. (T)
Exercise D-Answers
1. What happened?
The Brazilians came late to the conference which were hosts and had invited
Chinese, came complaining about the traffic and decided to go for breakfast.
It did not start the meeting on time. They did not know the Chinese culture
for business.
2. How do you think both sides felt about the situation?
Both sides felt uncomfortable; annoyed by the lack of planning and the
planning Brazilians and these that the Chinese are very rigid when it comes to
doing business Chinese.
3. For the next meeting with the Chinese, What could the Brazilians do
differently?
The Brazilians could be punctual at meetings and plan what you are going to
negotiate, learn more about Chinese culture.

25. Exercise e-Answers
1. Planned scheduled
2. Very important and needing attention Priority
3. Problems
4. To be unsuccessful Misunderstood
5. When there is not enough of something Failed
6. The last possible date for doing something deadlines
Exercise F-Answers
1. Planning and deadlines: Colombia should plan appointments and meetings,
forms of negotiation and terms, as terms are agreed to develop business and
thus payments are made dependent on compliance.
2 meetings / seminars: Meetings should be formal, carry the information
necessary to develop more readily meeting with important contributions to
facilitate and summarize what is meant, punctuality is important for meetings
and seminars.

26. 2.1.4 page 115 – 116
Exercise A-Answers
1. Do you have a profile on a professional networking website: such as
LinkedIn? if so, which one? How Do you use it?
Yes, I have my profile on LinkedIn, the resume is uploaded on LinkedIn
platform with professional features and employers can contact you.
2. Does your company / university have a profile on a professional
networking website?
Yes, has handled several social networks like Facebook, twitter, etc..
3. Discuss how a professional networking site can help Individuals and
companies / Educational Institutions.
 It Can be useful for finding a job
 getting new business
 Be known by the marketing c
 communicate with external clients, interns, employees and others
Exercise B-Answers
1. Recruitment professional
2. professional summary
3. specialties
4. work experience
5. education
6. interest

27. Exercise C-Answers
1. (F) Helen did her Masters in HRM in Sydney.
2. (T)
3. (F) Also in Store Manager.
4. (T)
5. (T)
6. (T)

28. 2.2.1. Page 98
Exercise B-Answers
She uses LinkedIn and networking sites.
Exercise C-Answers
The Advantages
 Helps Maintain contact with many people.
 Facilitates contract with people who are interested in the job.
The Disadvantage
 You can bring contacts that offer things that do not interest us.
Exercise D-Answers
The best communicator is her ex-boss.
Exercise E-Answers
1. Passion
2. Talking
3. Subject
4. Difference
5. Spoke
6. important

29. 2.2.2. Page 106
Exercise A-Answers
1. Dinner
2. Table
3. He didn’t want a gift
Exercise B-Answers
1. French Company
2. He not use first names
3. An American Company
Exercise C-Answers
1. Osaka in Japan
2. Japanese sales staff.
3. She poured too many drinks

30. Exercise D-Answers
Which speaker…. Liz Jeremy Ros
1. Was working in East Africa? 
2. Was working with a Dutch colleague? 
3. Got straight down to business? 
4. Writes long e-mail? 
5. Often adds funny comments in e-mail? 
6. Thought a colleague was abrupt and
rude?


31. 2.2.3. Answer the video
1. Which types of cross-cultural problems does the video address?
Problems of effective communication.
2. What is Miguel’s boss demanding in such a desperate way?
Because chocolate is not ready the target application.
3. Why cannot Carlos deliver the documents to his boss immediately?
Because Carlos could not remember the color and processed is
expensive and long, enough documents.
4. According to the presenter, what is the project compared with?
This compares with a clock.
5. According to Miguel, what are the main problems of working with Ms.
Jones?
She does not understand the culture of the country, or know how to
solve the drawbacks of permissions as the country protects companies
that manufacture equipment that makes it very difficult to import
through customs.
6. Which solutions does Miguel propose to work with Ms. Jones?
Talk to the top to make things better.
7. According to Carlos, what are the main problems of working with Ms.
Jones?
That makes it very general questions and not takes the matter
further, it is communication.
8. Which solutions does Carlos propose to work with Ms. Jones?
Body language, gestures to understand better.

32. . Personal Profile
Sandra Milena Espinel González
Executive Assistant
Bogotá D.C., Colombia
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Current: Executive Assistant to the Superior Council of the EAN University,
Bogotá, Colombia.
Past: Graduate in Professional Technician Secretariat, SENA, Bogotá.
Education: Currently study Marketing at EAN University, Bogotá.
Recommendation: 8 people recommended Sandra
Connections:50
Public Profile: http://eanuniversity.com. Sandramilenaespinel
I am a professional technician in secretarial, SENA and am currently studying Marketing at
EAN University. I have 10 years’ experience as a secretary at the University EAN took
four years on the Board; I enjoy my work and my studies as it is a great university. I am
responsible, honest, recursive and social. I like dealing with many people and I try to
improve my work every day with the experiences and knowledge of my superiors, I go to
the path of Entrepreneurship.

33. Experience
EAN University
Bogotá D.C., Colombia
September 2010 – now
 Preparation of Minutes, meeting reports and letters from the General Board and the
Superior Council.
 Assistance to the Founders and Directors, agendas and meetings.
 Logistics own events and protocol of the General Board and the Superior Council.
INLASA S.A
Secretary
February 2004- September 2010
 General secretarial assistance
 Elaboration of documents, records of own construction
 Elaboration of checks, payroll taxes and national
Studies
 EAN UNIVERSITY
2012 – Now
Marketing
 SENA
1998
Clerical Professional Accountant

34. 3. The Action minutes
Table 1. The action minutes
AGEND ITEM DECISION REASON ACTION NAME
1 Staff to use first name Yes, use
first name
Reasons for
cultural
Management
in the office
Hasbady,
Sandra,
Johanna
2 Staff to dress casually at
work
Casual
clothes were
used
throughout
the week.
For
convenience of
always casual
employees.
Start using
casual casual
attire.
Hasbady,
Sandra
Beatriz
3 To Introduce a system or
flexible working hours
Yes, Flexible
scheduling
will be
handled
Convenience
of employees,
and flexibildad
schedules for
staff
Different
times to suit
different
employees.
Hasbady
Sandra
Johanna
Beatriz
4 To Keep all meetings to
30 minutes only.
30 minute
meetings will
be made.
Optimize time
and streamline
meetings
Scheduling
meetings
lasting half
an hour
Hasbady
Johanna
5 To introduce hot desking
to the open – plan office.
Not, It looks much
clutter and you
can lose
important
documentation
The same
jobs
Hasbady
Sandra
beatriz
6 Open –door policy, so
staff can see a manager
at any time
Yes, They
used open
door policy
Because there
is more
communication
between
management
and employees
of the company
Offices
should be
glass walls
Hasbady
Johanna
Sandra