This lecture for undergraduate students

1. By:
Seragaldin M. Abdulqader
Clinical pharmacology for nurses
University of Raparin/school of nursing
The lecture for undergraduate students:
2015 -20168 December 2015 1

2. Cannulation
Is an emergency procedure in which
the vein is exposed to specific
insertion and then a cannula is inter
into the vein under direct vision.
It is used to get vascular access
especially in trauma and hypovolemic
shock patients.
8 December 2015 2

3. IV therapy
Intravenous simply means "within vein".
Therapies administered intravenously
are often included in the designation
of specialty drugs.
8 December 2015 3
Intravenous therapy may be used to
correct electrolyte imbalances, to deliver
medications, for blood transfusion or as fluid
replacement to correct, e.g.: dehydration.
Intravenous therapy can also be used
for chemotherapy.

4. Advantages
 Immediate effect
 Control over the rate of administration
 Patient cannot tolerate drugs / fluids orally
 Some drugs cannot be absorbed by any other route
 Pain and irritation is avoided compared to some
substances when given SC/IM
8 December 2015 4

5. Possible Complications
 Hematoma
8 December 2015 5

6. Possible Complications
 Thrombophlebitis
8 December 2015 6

7. Possible Complications
 Cellulites
8 December 2015 7

8. Possible Complications
 Systemic infection
8 December 2015 8

9. Possible Complications
8 December 2015 9
 Infiltration/Extravasation
C

10. Sites of chosen vein of
the upper extremities
 Veins of the Hand
1. Digital Dorsal veins
2. Dorsal Metacarpal veins
3. Dorsal venous network
4. Cephalic vein
5. Basilic vein
8 December 2015 10

11. Sites of chosen vein of
the upper extremities
 Veins of the Forearm
1. Cephalic vein
2. Median Cubital vein
3. Accessory Cephalic Vein
4. Basilic vein
5. Cephalic vein
6. Median ante brachial vein
8 December 2015 11

12. What are the signs of a good vein ?
 Soft
 Visible
 Bouncy
 Straight
 Easily palpable
 Well supported
 Has a large lumen
 Above previous sites
 Refills when depressed
8 December 2015 12

13. What veins should you avoid ?
 Mobile
 Thin / Fragile
 Inflamed / bruised
 Near bony prominences
 Thrombosed / sclerosed / fibrosed
 Do not use if patient has IV fluid in the site
 Have undergone multiple previous punctures
 Areas or sites of infection, oedema or phlebitis
8 December 2015 13

14. Gauges of IV Cannula
8 December 2015 14

15. Gauges of IV Cannula
8 December 2015 15

16. Thank you
8 December 2015 16