1. PAPER
“ CANCER SERVIKS ”
Compiled by :
GROUB IV
INANG YULIA PUTRI
SRI RAHAYU POU
SITTI AISYAH
WENODYA AULIA FEBRIANTI
DEWI SINTA PRIATI ODE
SAFELTI
ZAMSARI
AKADEMI KEBIDANAN
YAYASAN KESEHATAN NASIONAL BAU-BAU
KELAS KERJASAMA KABUPATEN MUNA
2012

2. CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. background
These days we often hear about the "cervical cancer". Cancer is indeed a scourge for women.
According to the data, in Indonesia it is estimated that every hour there is one person who died from
cancer serviks.Cancer a murderess who scary.Cancer cerviks or cervical cancer also called cervix cancer.
Given the fact the Terrible, the various measures of prevention and treatment have been made to
address cervical cancer or cervical cancer. Where the cancer is caused by HPV virus (human papilloma
virus).
Cervical cancer or better known as the cervical cancer is the growth of abnormal cells in the
cervix, to change into cancer cells take a long time, about 10 to 15 years.Cancer This usually occurs at
the age of 30 to 50 years, the peak women of reproductive age so that it will lead to impaired quality of
life physical, mental and sexual health.
B. problem formulation
1. Understanding Cervical Cancer
2. Cancer Causes Seviks
3. Symptoms - Cancer symptoms Serviks
4. Stage Cervical Cancer
5. Prevention of Cervical Cancer
6. Treatment of Cervical Cancer
C. destination
We make this paper in order that we are able to avoid or at least to Prevent Cervical Cancer Cervical
Cancer and Knowing the symptoms - symptoms of Cervical Cancer and Cervical Capable of Treating
cancer.
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3. CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
1. Understanding Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer is the term health is cervical cancer is a cancer that occurs in the uterine
cervix, an area in which the female reproductive organs door hole intercourse (vaginal). Cervical
cancer is a malignancy that starts in the cells of the cervix (neck of the womb). Cervical cancer
begins in the lining of the cervix. The occurrence of cancer is very slow. First, some normal cells
turn into precancerous cells, and then turn into cancer cells.These changes are called dispalasia
and is usually detected with a pap smear test.
2. Cause of Cervical Cancer
HPV virus is strongly suspected as the primary cause of cervical cancer.
HPV virus will attack the membranes in the mouth and throat. Cervix, and rectum. If it is not
immediately detected, HPV infection causes the formation cervical precancerous cells in the
long term.
Here are some risk factors for cervical cancer:
a. Smoke
Women who smoke have double the chance of developing cervical cancer than those who
never smoked.
b. HIV Infection
A woman living with HIV have the immune system
are less able to fight HPV infection and cancer in the stadium
early.
c. Bacterial infections chlamydia
Several studies have found that women who had a history of
or chlamydial infection at this time, have a higher risk of cervical cancer.
d. Pill
The use of long-term birth control pills can increase the risk of cervical cancer.
e. Pregnant more than three times
Women who had three or more of the pregnancy have an increased risk of cervical cancer is
higher.
f. First pregnancy at a young age
Women whose first pregnancy at the age of 17 years under almost two times more likely to
develop cervical cancer in old age compared to women who delay gestation until the age of 25
years or more.
g. Family History
your mother or sister had cervical cancer, your risk of cancer account for two or three times
more than people who do not have a history of cervical cancer in the family.
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4. 3. Symptoms - symptoms of Cervical Cancer
In the early stages are often no signs - signs are typical but, sometimes found symptoms gestation as follows;
a. White or watery discharge from the vagina.
b. Bleeding after intercourse and then progress to abnormal bleeding.
c. Incidence of bleeding after monopause.
d. In phase Inpansif can discharge yellow - yellow, odorless and can be mixed with blood.
e. Symptoms - symptoms of chronic anemia if bleeding occurs.
f. Pelvic or abdominal pain arising at the bottom when there is inflammation of the pelvis.
g. At the Advanced stage, the body becomes emaciated due to malnutrition, edema of the legs,
bladder irritation and lower shaft colon (rectum).Like a cancer, type of cancer also had spread
(metastasis). The spread of cervical cancer, there are three kinds, namely:
a) Through the Lymph Vessels (limfogen) towards other nodes.
b) Through the blood vessels (hematogenous).
c) The spread directly to the parametrium, corpus uterus, vagina, bladder.
4. Stage Cervical Cancer
Staging in patients with cervical cancer is very important. This is related to the type of treatment and
prospects for recovery to be performed. Stage cervical cancer as follows:
Stadium
Information
0
: 0 can stage cervical cancer called carcinoma in situ.Abnormal cells are found only in
the lining of the cervix.
I
: Cancer is found only in the cervix.
II
: Cancer that has spread beyond the cervix, but does not spread to the pelvic wall or
lower third of the vagina.
III
: Cancer that has spread to the lower third of the vagina. May have spread in
IV
: Cancer has spread to bladder, rectum, or other parts of the body such as the lungs,
bones and liver.
5. Prevention of Cervical Cancer
pelvic and or has caused kidney malfunction.
Cervical cancer can be prevented by "screening" is called a Pap smear and screening is very effective
because the probe is easily done, quick and ill.Skrining aims to determine the presence of malignancy
(cancer) with a microscope.
Now has also been found to prevent cervical cancer vaccine, this vaccine can be given even to girls
from the age of 10 years.
By doing preventive vaccination can be done, and for women who sexually active or have routine Pap
smears or Visual Inspection.Have a healthy diet, rich in vegetables, fruit cereal to stimulate the immune
system.
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5. Avoid smoking.
Avoid sex before marriage or at a very young age.
Avoid sex with multiple partners.
Perform cleaning sex organs or vagina known as a toilet.
6. Treatment of Cervical Cancer
a. Operation
There are several types of surgery for the treatment of cervical cancer. Some treatment involves
removal of the uterus (hysterectomy). This list covers some of the most common types of operation
done on the treatment of cervical cancer.
1. Cryosurgery
A metal probe cooled with liquid nitrogen is introduced into the vagina and cervix. This method can kill
the abnormal cells membekukanya way. Cryosurgery is used to treat cervical cancer that is only in the
cervix (stage 0), not an invasive cancer that has spread beyond the cervix.
2. Laser Surgery
This method uses a laser beam to burn the cells or remove a small uterine tissue to be studied. Laser
surgery is only used as a treatment of pre-invasive cervical cancer (stage 0).
3. Konisasi
Cone-shaped piece of tissue will be adopted from the cervix. Cutting is done using a scalpel, laser or thin
wire be heated by electricity. This approach can be used to find or treat early stage cervical cancer
(stage 0 or 1).
4. Hysterectomy
• Simple Hysterectomy
The workings of this method is a hysterectomy, but do not covers the nearby tissue. Vagina and
pelvic lymph nodes are not removed. The uterus can be surgically removed at the front of the abdomen
or through the vagina.
After this operation, a woman can not get pregnant. Hysterectomy is used to treat some stage cervical
cancer
early (stage 1) and treating precancerous stage cancer (stage 0) if the cancer cells are found at the
border konisasi.
• Radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection
In this surgery, the surgeon will remove the entire uterus, tissue, upper vagina adjacent to the
cervix, and some lymph nodes in the pelvic area. This surgery is most often done by cutting the front of
the abdomen, is not done through the vagina.
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6. 5. Trachlektomi
A procedure called radical trachlektomi allows young women with early-stage cancers can be
treated and still be able to have children. This method involves removing the cervix and upper vagina,
then put shaped pockets on seams which act as the opening of the cervix inside the uterus. Lymph
nodes were also taken near him. This operation can be done through the vagina or abdomen.
After surgery, some women may experience long-term pregnancy and a healthy baby through surgery
caecar. The risk of cancer recurrence after treatment is quite low.
6. Pelvic Ekstenterasi
Besides taking all the organs and tissues of the vagina and abdomen, the operation of this type
of removal of the bladder, vagina, rectum, and part of the colon. This operation is performed when
cervical cancer recurred after previous treatment. It took six gibberish or more to recover from this
radical surgery. However, women who have had this surgery undergo can still live a happy and
productive
b. Radiotherapy
In the treatment of cervical cancer, radiotherapy is determined by external radiation is given in
conjunction with low-dose chemotherapy. For this type of internal radiation treatment, a radioactive
substance is inserted into the cylinder inside the vagina. Sometimes, the radioactive material is placed
into a thin needle is inserted directly in tumor.
c. Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. Usually the drugs are given through a drip into
a vein or in through the mouth. Once the drugs enter the blood , it will to flow pread throughout the
body. Sometimes, there are some drugs that are given at a time.
Cervical cancer treatment by stage
a. Precancerous stage (stage 1)
Precancerous stage to early stage 1 is Usually treated by hysterectomy.If Patients want to
have children still Usually performed LEEP or cone biopsy method.
b. Early stage (stage 1 and II)
- If the tumor size less than 4 cm are Usually performed radical hysterectomy or radiotherapy
with or without chemotherapy.
- If the tumor size is more than 4 cm Usually done radiotherapy and cisplatin-based
chemotherapy, hysterectomy,or chemotherapy Followed by cisplatin-based hysterectomy.
c. Advanced stage (late stage II-IV Final Earlier)
Cervical cancer at this stage can be treated with radiotherapy and cisplatin-based
chemotherapy.In very advanced stage (stage IV final), the doctor may consider chemotherapy
with a combination of drugs, such as hycamtin and cisplatin.cure is not possible, the goal of
treatment is to raise the next or advocate as many cancer cells. Usually done-palliative
treatment aimed at reducing
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7. CHAPTER III
CLOSING
A. conclusion
Cervical cancer is a cancer that affects women in the genital area.Caused by the Human
Papillomavirus which are Oncogenic virus (causes cancer). HPV is transmitted through sexual contact
and can also be personalized through use of the same goods, such as clothing together.
B. suggestion
Prevention is better than cure
C. criticism
We are aware in making paper is still less well which is why we desperately need a Building
criticism from Readers
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8. Bibliography
Google.Com
Capita selekta, UI faculty, third edition.
2001, Media Aesculapius
Stop Cancer, "Cancer is not a death sentence anymore," agroMedia Library, 2010
www.agromedia.net
http://puskesmaspetanahan.blogspot.com/2009/11/deteksi early-neck-cervical-cancer-dengan.httml
html # pap-smear
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9. TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD..........................................................................................................................
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................................
ii
CHAPTER 1 …………………………………………………………………………….
1
a.INTRODUCTION.................................................................. ………………………...
1
b.PROBLEME FORMULATION.........................................................................................
1
c.DESTINATION............................................................................................................
1
CHAPTER II …………………………………………………………………………...
2
DISCUSSION.................................................................................................................
2
CHAPTER III ……………………………………………………………………………………………
6
CLOSING………………………………..........................................................................
6
BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7
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10. FOREWORD
Praise God we prayed the presence of almighty God as the One God grace, we can complete the
paper " CANCER SERVIKS" for students of Midwifery Studies D-III.
This paper is intended as a guide for students studying in institutions of health education
particularly in the field of obstetrics. Hopefully with this paper can provide a lot of knowledge to readers
especially to the author himself.
We realize limitations in preparing this paper. To that end, we expect criticism and suggestions
from various parties, especially from the entire academic obstetrics everywhere for improving
subsequent editions.
Finally, we would like to thank all the parties to this paper can be completed.
Raha,9 Oktober 2012
Group IV
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