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Hymes’ SPEAKING (1974)

      By Ikhsanudin
SPEAKING (mnemonic)
•   Setting or Scene
•   Participants
•   End (goal)
•   Act Sequence
        • form and content of what is said: the precise word used, how they
          are used, the relationship of what is said to the actual topic at hand
          ►linguistics – discourse.
• Key (tone, manners, spirit)
• Instrumentalities
        • (channel) oral, written, telephone … etc.
• Norms of Interaction and Interpretation
• Genre:
        • Clearly demarcated types of utterance; such as poems, proverbs,
          riddles, sermons, prayers, lectures, and editorials.

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Hymes' SPEAKING Framework Explained

  • 1. Hymes’ SPEAKING (1974) By Ikhsanudin
  • 2. SPEAKING (mnemonic) • Setting or Scene • Participants • End (goal) • Act Sequence • form and content of what is said: the precise word used, how they are used, the relationship of what is said to the actual topic at hand ►linguistics – discourse. • Key (tone, manners, spirit) • Instrumentalities • (channel) oral, written, telephone … etc. • Norms of Interaction and Interpretation • Genre: • Clearly demarcated types of utterance; such as poems, proverbs, riddles, sermons, prayers, lectures, and editorials.