The document discusses metadata, which is data that provides information about other data. It describes how metadata improves search, navigation, and organization of content. The document outlines common metadata standards like Dublin Core and how metadata is applied in formats like DocBook and DITA. It also discusses best practices for working with metadata, such as creating templates and using indexing tools, and predicts future directions for metadata including automated generation and social tagging.

1. Metadata Primer
Selvakumar T.S
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2. Source: Siderean Software, Inc.
All of the answers are here. Now, what was the question?
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3. Issues with Information Access Today
• Tons of content from disparate sources.
• Cumbersome navigation.
• Keyword search assumes you know what you are
looking for.
• L
Large number of search results -- most of them
b f h lt t f th
irrelevant.
• Lack of context in search results.
• Search engines rely on mathematical algorithms to
determine relevance and ranking of search results.
Fortune 500 companies lost $12 billion due to
inability to find information in 2003
2003.
-IDC
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4. A Quick Demo on Information
Access Issues and Possibilities
Source:
4

5. Agenda
• Understanding Metadata
• Metadata Applications
• Metadata Standards
• Working with Metadata
• Future of Metadata
5

6. Understanding Metadata
6

7. INVENT VE
N E TI
What is Metadata?
at s etadata
Data that provides
information about other
data.
– Merriam Webster’s
Online Dictionary
Data about data. For
example, the title, subject,
author, and size of a file
constitute metadata about
the file.
file
– Microsoft Computer
7
Dictionary, Fifth Edition

8. Metadata Example: File > Properties in Microsoft Office
8

9. Metadata Example: Album Information in Media
Players
9

10. Metadata in HTML
<META name=<property> content=“<value>” />
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11. Metadata Reflects Content and User Needs
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12. Types of Metadata
Intrinsic: metadata that an object holds about itself
File name, file size …
Descriptive: metadata that describes th object
D i ti t d t th t d ib the bj t
Subject, title, audience, keywords …
Metadata describes the who, what, when, where and
Administrative and Rights: metadata used to manage
how about every facet of data
data.
the object
12
Create date, modify date, expiry

13. Metadata Applications
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14. Improved Search with Metadata
• Filter search by metadata.
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15. Improved Navigation with Metadata
• Aggregate topics with same metadata to create
browseable indexes or categories.
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16. Display Context and Relationships with Metadata
Cross-marketing on amazon.com.
g
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17. Personalization and customization
• Display content according to role or audience
audience.
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18. Other Metadata Applications
• Discovery and compliance
– Identify the need to update, retain, protect, and dispose content
for i t
f internal or regulatory requirements.
l l t i t
• Interoperability …
– Content tagged with same metatags (
gg g (META name) from
)
different sources can be easily integrated.
Metadata allows unstructured content to be managed
like structured content.
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19. Metadata Standards
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20. Need for Metadata Standards
• Different information providers using different metadata
schemas.
• Even metadata schemas of groups within organizations
are different or out of sync.
• The result:
– Inconsistent search results.
– Lack of interoperability.
– Information silos.
– …
An US$ 2B Oil & Gas project suffered a loss of US$120M due to inability to
locate a document or a misunderstanding about which document is needed.
-SchemaLogic, Inc.
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21. Some Metadata Standards
• Dublin Core
• Metadata support in DocBook and
pp
DITA
• IMS Global Learning Consortium
• LOM (IEEE’s L
(IEEE’ Learning Obj
i Object
Metadata)
• SCORM (ADL) - Learning Objects
• EAD (Encoded Archival Description)
Standard formats and approaches enable interoperability and
the sharing of metadata.
g
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22. Dublin Core
• http://dublincore.org
• General purpose metadata standard for use across
domains.
• 15 core elements.
• El
Element qualifiers t narrow th meaning of elements.
t lifi to the i f l t
– Example: A Date Created versus a Date Modified.
• Encoding schemes: Controlled vocabularies or parsing
rules to refine the interpretation of an element.
– Example: A term from a controlled vocabulary such as the
Library of Congress Subject Headings
Headings.
• Can be represented in HTML and in XML (RDF).
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23. Dublin Core Metadata Elements
• Title
• Creator
• Subject
j
• Description
• Publisher
• Contributor
• Date
• Type
• Format
• Identifier
Id tifi
• Source
• Language
• Relation
• Coverage
• Rights
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24. Dublin Core Metadata Example
Source: http://www.sics.se/~preben/DC/DC_guide.html
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25. Metadata Support in DocBook
• Metadata at different levels
– title, info and bookinfo at book level
– title, info and chapterinfo at chapter level
– title, info and chapterinfo at section level
• DocBook supports Dublin Core schema
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26. Metadata Support in DITA
• DITA supports a variety of standard and custom
metadata:
– Author information
– Copyright information
– Product information
– Resource ID f h l systems
R IDs for help t
– Document tracking information
– Audience information
– Keywords
K d
– Custom metadata (otherprops)
• <prolog> element defines metadata at the topic level.
• <topicmeta> element defines metadata that applies to a
topic when it appears in a map.
• Metadata at every level
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27. Sample of Metadata elements within <prolog> element
<prolog>
<author> (name of topic’s author)
<copyright>
<critdates> (document tracking information)
<permissions>
<publisher>
<source>
<metadata>
<audience> (intended audience)
type=“user | purchaser | administrator | … | other”
othertype=
j
job=“installing | customizing | administering | … | other”
g g g
otherjob=
experiencelevel=“novice | general | expert”
<category> (content category used for grouping topics)
<keywords> (keywords for search engines)
<prodinfo>
<othermeta>
…
…
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28. Working with Metadata
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29. Creating Metadata
• Create it from scratch.
• Reuse existing metadata and build on it.
• Start with a standard.
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30. Metadata Process
Create Add
Content Publish
Metadata
Review & Review &
Improve Improve
• Identify content that will benefit from metadata using the 80/20 rule.
• Build a controlled vocabulary or use a vocabulary from a
commercial source such as www.taxonomywarehouse.com.
y
– Example: The Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names (TGN)
• Apply metadata to content using templates or using indexing tools.
• Get it reviewed.
reviewed
• Evaluate search logs and user surveys to improve metadata.
• Continuously review metadata.
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31. Metadata Template: A Manual Approach
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32. Metadata Indexing and Discovery Tools
• Data Harmony http://www.dataharmony.com
• Interwoven MetaTagger http://www.interwoven.com
• Mondeca http://www.mondeca.com
• MultiTes http://www.multites.com/
• Synaptica http://www.synaptica.com
• SchemaLogic http://www.schemalogic.com
• WebChoir http //
http://www.webchoir.com
ebchoir com
• WordMap http://www.wordmap.com/
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33. Future of Metadata
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34. Future of Metadata
• Automated metadata generation.
• Social tagging – tagging by users.
• Geo tagging.
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35. Social Tagging Example: tagging
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36. Social Tagging Example:
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37. Geo Tagging Example
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38. Q&A
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