Tillage

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seemaPrajapat

Tillage implements

Science

TILLAGE
 Tillage is the physical manipulation of soil with tools And implements to result in good tilth for
better fermentation and subsequent growth of crops.
 Tilth is a physical condition of the soil resulting from tillage.

Primary tillage implements: wooden or
indigenous plough

Turn-wrest or reversible or one-way plough

Mulch tillage for weed control, conserve
moisture ,control erosion

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Mustard, as a crop, is susceptible to a variety of pests that can affect its growth and yield. Here’s a rundown of some common pests that target mustard plants: Aphids: These small, sap-sucking insects can cause significant damage by feeding on the leaves and stems. Aphids also excrete a sticky substance known as honeydew, which can lead to the growth of sooty mold on the plants. Flea Beetles: These tiny beetles jump like fleas when disturbed and chew small holes in the leaves. They are particularly damaging in the early growth stages of the plant. Cabbage Loopers: The larvae of a type of moth, these caterpillars are known for their distinctive looping movement. They chew large holes in the leaves and can defoliate plants if present in large numbers. Diamondback Moth Larvae: Another caterpillar pest, these larvae chew small holes in the leaves and can cause extensive damage, especially when infestations are heavy. Whiteflies: These are tiny, winged insects that feed on plant sap and can quickly become a problem in greenhouse or close planting conditions. Like aphids, they also secrete honeydew. Cutworms: These are the larvae of certain types of moths and are known for cutting young plants at the stem base at ground level. They are most destructive during the night. Root Maggots: The larvae of root maggot flies, these pests attack the roots of mustard plants, causing wilting and potentially killing young plants. Harlequin Bugs: These are colorful stink bugs that suck the sap from mustard plant stems and leaves, causing the leaves to become stippled, wilt, and eventually die if the infestation is severe. Mustard Sawfly: The larvae of the mustard sawfly can cause considerable defoliation, as they feed voraciously on the leaves. Clubroot: Caused by a fungus-like organism, clubroot affects the roots, causing them to swell and distort. While technically a disease, it is often associated with pest management because controlling it involves similar preventative strategies. Control Measures: Managing pests in mustard involves a combination of cultural, biological, and chemical methods. Crop rotation, resistant varieties, timely sowing, maintaining plant health, and using natural predators like ladybugs and parasitic wasps can help keep pest populations under control. Chemical pesticides should be used as a last resort due to their potential impact on the environment and non-target species.

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Tillage

1. Welcome Seema prajapat

2. TILLAGE  Tillage is the physical manipulation of soil with tools And implements to result in good tilth for better fermentation and subsequent growth of crops.  Tilth is a physical condition of the soil resulting from tillage.

3. Primary tillage implements: wooden or indigenous plough

4. Mouldboard plough

5. Disc plough

6. Turn-wrest or reversible or one-way plough

7. Subsoil plough

8. Chisel plough

9. Ridge plough

10. Rotery plough or rotary hoes

11. Basin lister

12. Tractor drawn cultivator

13. Sweep cultivator

14. Disc harrow

15. Blade harrow

16. Indigenous blade harrow

17. Guntaka

18. Roller

19. Seed drill

20. Seed cum fertilizer drill

21. Mulch tillage for weed control, conserve moisture ,control erosion

Tillage

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