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‫اﺿﻐﻂ‬‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻧﻀﻤﺎم‬ ‫ھﻨﺎ‬WWW.facebook.com/groups/TEPPSU
1
am – is – are – was – were
amI
isHe/she/ it
areWe / you / they
wasI / he / she / it
wereWe / you / they
Ex.
I'm a teacher.
They are students.
Hany was a student last year.
Do / does / did
doI / they / we / you
doesHe / she / it
didI / he / she / it / they / you / we
Did you do your homework yesterday?
Have / has / had
haveI / they / we / you
has/ itHe / she
hadI / he / she / it / they / you / we
Ex
I have a car.
Ahmed has three sisters.
Mona and Mohammed have a computer.
‫ﯾﻔﻌﻞ‬doverb to
‫ﯾ‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻠﻚ‬‫ﻤﺘﻠﻚ‬haveverb to
‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬beverb to

2
-Form:
‫اﻟ‬‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮﯾﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻔﻌﻞ‬V1‫ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬s‫او‬es‫اﻟﻤﻔﺮد‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
He, she, it, Ahmed, Mona, cat………
‫ﯾﻀﺎف‬es‫ﺑـــــــ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﮭﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬x – ss – sh – ch – o
go………………….he goes cross…………………..Salwa crosses
‫ﯾﻀﺎف‬S‫اﻟ‬‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﮭﺎﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﺪا‬ ‫ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺄي‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﮭﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﻰ‬
Play ……………….he plays write…………………Mariam writes
-Key words:
every… (day – week –month – hour....)*usually*always *sometimes*often
-Uses:
‫ﻋﺎدات‬habits
Ahmed walks to school every day.
‫ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬Facts
The earth goes round the sun.
-Q. and negative :
‫ﺑـــ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬ ‫زﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺆال‬ ‫ﯾﺒﺪأ‬Does‫ﻣﻔﺮد‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اذا‬
The earth goes round the sun.
Does the earth go round the sun?
Yes, it does. No, it does not.
The sun rises in the east.
Where does the sun rise?
In the east .
‫ﺣﺬف‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬s‫و‬es‫اﻻﺳﺎﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺑــــ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺆال‬ ‫ﯾﺒﺪأ‬Do‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اذا‬I - They - We - You
Hisham and Ihab play football every day.
Do Hisham and Ihab play football every day?
‫أﻻزﻣﻨ‬‫ــــــ‬‫ﮫ‬Tenses in English
‫اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬The present simple tense

3
Yes, they do. No, they do not .
-Form:
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮﯾﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬V 2
go …….….…went play……………..played
eat ….……….ate walk……..….…..walked
****‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺮﯾﻔﺎت‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ‬)regular and irregular(
-Key words:
Last…… (week – month – year - ) * Yesterday * ago
-Uses:
‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬ ‫زﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫واﻧﺘﮭﻰ‬ ‫وﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﺪث‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬.
Hany played football yesterday.
I traveled to France last month.
The police stopped me on my way home last night.
I was angry because they were late.
-Q. and negative :
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫زﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺆال‬ ‫ﯾﺒﺪأ‬Did‫اﻻﺳﺎﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻷول‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺼﺮﯾﻒ‬ ‫وﻧﺄﺗﻰ‬.
Hany played football yesterday.
What did Hany play yesterday?
He played football.
Football.
Did Hany play football yesterday?
Yes, he did.
Yes, he played football yesterday.
No, he did not.
No, he did not. He played basketball.
….. When do is the main verb in the sentence.
‫اﻟﻤ‬‫ﺎﺿﻰ‬‫اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬simple tensepastThe
Be careful

4
What did you do at the weekend? (not what did you at the weekend )
I did not do anything. ( not I did not anything )
-Form:
(am – is – are + V-ing )
-:wordsKey
(look - now – listen – at this moment )
-Uses:
‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬‫اﻟﻜﻼم‬ ‫وﻗﺖ‬ ‫أﺛﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﺪث‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬ ‫زﻣﻦ‬
Mohamed is reading now.
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮫ‬ ‫وﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬when we talk about things happening in a period around now
For ex. Today / this week / this evening
Is Ahmed working this week?
No, he is on holiday.
……These verbs are not used in continuous tenses
-contain-remember-believe-understand-mean-know-prefer-need-want-hate-love-Like
taste-smell-hear-See-seem
-:enegativandQ.
Ahmed is reading now.
What is Ahmed doing now?
Is Ahmed reading now?
Yes, he is.
No, he is not.
‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻘﺪﯾﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺆال‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬
‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬ ‫زﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ing‫ﻋﺪا‬ ‫ﻓﯿﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻤﯿﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﮭﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﺗﻀﺎف‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﮭﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬e‫وإﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺬﻓﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ing
Hope…hoping * smile….smiling * dance….dancing
‫ﻋﺪا‬ ‫ﻓﯿﻤﺎ‬be…..being
‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫اﻷﺧﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮف‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺮف‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺒﻮق‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﺑـ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﮭﯿﺔ‬ing
‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬seuous tennThe present conti
Be careful
Be careful

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Stop…stopping * plan….planning * begin…beginning * prefer…preferring
visiting—it**vishappening—pen**hapningnbegi—gin.be................................................eNotic
Travel…..travelling ** cancel…..cancellingl..ll
-Form:
(was – were + V-ing )
-Key words:
(while ……………when)
-Uses:
‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬ ‫زﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮا‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﺣﺪث‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬
I was watching television when the telephone rang.
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬while‫ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬
** The past simple tense …………..…..while……………The past continuous tense **
The accident happened while I was playing tennis.
‫ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬when‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬
** The past continuous tense………..…when………..……….The past simple tense **
I was playing tennis when the accident happened.
-Q. and negative :
- They were eating when the telephone rang.
What were they doing when the telephone rang?
They were eating.
Were they eating when the telephone rang?
Yes, they were.
No, they were not. They were sleeping.
‫اﻟﻤ‬‫ﺎﺿﻰ‬‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬The past continuous tense

6
-I was watching TV when the telephone rang.
What were you doing when the telephone rang?
‫ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬I………………….…you
Was………..………..were
-Form:
(have – has + V 3 )
-Key words:
Just – already – yet - since – for - ever - never
.
-Uses:
‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫وﻟﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺪأ‬ ‫ﺣﺪث‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
He told me his name but I have forgotten it.
I can not find my bag. Have you seen it?
‫ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬ ‫وﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬…………..………………………………..just
Would you like something to eat? No, thanks .I have just had lunch.
……..……something happened sooner than expected.Already
When is Hala going on holiday? She has already gone.
‫اﻻن‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬until now …………..……...………………..….…yet
I have written the letter but I have not posted it yet.
……….…..…two hours/five days/along time/50 years/agesFor
They have been married for ten years.
977/Monday/12 May/April/lunchtime………...8 o clock/1Since
I have not seen Ahmed since Monday.
Spain.gone toHany is on away on holiday. He has
‫اﺳﺒﺎﻧﯿﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻧﮫ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻻن‬ ‫ھﻨﺎك‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫اﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻨﻰ‬gone to
Spain.been toHany is back home from holiday now. He has
‫ﺳﻔﺮه‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺎد‬ ‫واﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻨﻰ‬...................been to
**** We use the present perfect tense when we talk about a period of time that continues from the past
ever )( ever/nuntil now………………………
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ever‫اﻟﺴﺆال‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
-Have you ever eaten caviar?
‫وﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬never‫اﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
-We have never had a car.
‫اﻟﺘﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬The present perfect tense
look

7
Ahmed and Hala have known each other for along time.
…………………………………….…………….since they were at school.
How long have Ahmed and Hala known each other?
-Form:
(Had + V3)
-Key words:
after as soon as
before by the time when
till until
-Uses:
‫ا‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺪث‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫وﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﺪث‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺎم‬
past perfect tense……….. …….past simple tense
-I watched TV after I had finished my homework.
-He had breakfast as soon as he had washed his face.
past simple tense…………….…………perfect tensepast
-I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
-When we arrived at the station, the train had left.
st perfect tensepadidn't + inf.
.wasn't/weren't + P.P
-He didn't watch TV until he had done his homework.
-The car wasn't sold till he had repaired it.
‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬‫اﻟﺘﺎم‬t perfect tenseasThe p
After
As soon as
when
before
by the time
till
until

8
-Q. and negative :
* Ahmed had finished his homework before he watched TV.
Had Ahmed finished his homework before he watched TV?
Yes, he had. No, he hadn't.
* I watched TV after I had finished my homework.
What did you do after you had finished your homework?
I watched TV.
.will + inf-(1)-Form:
-Key words:
Tomorrow, next(week, month, year…), in the future
-Uses:
Quick decisions:-1
-I'll turn on the TV.
-I'll close the window.
Prediction:-2
-I think next summer will be very hot.
Requests:-3
-Will you shut the door, please?
Offer:-4
-I will help you with the shopping bag.
Making arrangements:-5
-I will meet you tomorrow at 5 pm.
Threat:-6
-Give me the pen, or I will tell the teacher.
Promise:-7
-If you get the full mark, I will buy you a mobile phone.
Facts in the future:-8
-Next year, I will be 17 years old.
-Q. and negative :
- I will meet you tomorrow at 5 pm.
Will you meet me tomorrow at 5 pm?
-Yes, I will. (I'll) - No, I will not. (won't)
‫اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬tenseFuture SimpleThe

9
………………………………………………………………………..
(2)- [am/is/are + going to + inf.]
*‫اﻻﺗﯿﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
1-‫ﺷﯿﺊ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﯿﻪ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺒﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺨﻄﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
-He is going to spend a week in Alexandria.
-I'm going to visit Ali tomorrow.
2-‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫دﻟﯿﻞ‬ ‫وﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪوث‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫أوﺷﻜﺖ‬ ‫أﺷﯿﺎء‬
-Look at those black clouds! It's going to rain.
-I feel terrible. I think I'm going to be sick.
Best regards**** Tamer Saad
f "I"Conditional
,If-1
will + V1( s, es ) He, She, ItV1
‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬If‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺪوث‬ ‫إﻣﻜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﻰ‬
Ex.
If he works hard at school , he will find a good job. (he'll)
Ahmed will score a goal if he runs faster.
If ,
‫ﺷﺮط‬ ‫ﺟﻮاب‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬if‫ﻋﻠﻤﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺤﺪث‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬
Ex.
If you boil water, it turns into steam.
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,If-2
‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬If‫اﻟﺤﺪوث‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻷﺷﯿﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬.
Ex.
If Sally finished her homework on time, she would watch the film.
Present Simple Tense Future Simple tense
notice
Present Simple Tense Present Simple Tense
Past Simple Tense ( V2 ) Would + inf.

10
The goalkeeper would stop the ball if he jumped high enough.
If ,
-‫ﻟﻶﺧﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺼﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﺪﯾﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
Ex.
If I were you, I wouldn't shout.
If I were you, I would study my lessons.
,If-3
had + p.p. would have + p.p.
‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬if‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤ‬ ‫اﻷﺷﯿﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬‫اﻟﺤﺪوث‬ ‫ﯿﻠﺔ‬.
Ex.
If you hadn't been quiet, the enemy would have heard you.
Salah would have been in trouble if he hadn't got help.
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‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺘ‬ ‫اﺣﺪى‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫اذا‬‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﯿﻦ‬if‫ﻣﻨﻔﯿﮫ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻔﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻻوﻟﻰ‬
1-He goes to bed early, so he will get up early. ( use if )
If he doesn't go to bed early, he won't get up early
‫ا‬ ‫زﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫اذا‬‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬if‫ﻣﻨﻔﯿﮫ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻔﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ااﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬
2-He is lazy, so he fails the exams. ( use if )
If he weren't lazy, he wouldn't fail the exams.
‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫اذا‬‫زﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬if‫ااﻟ‬‫ﺜﺎﻟﺜ‬‫ﻣﻨﻔﯿﮫ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻔﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
3-He didn't have a car as he didn't have much money. ( use if )
If he had had much money, he would have had a car.
4-He studied hard . He got high marks. ( use if )
If he hadn't studied hard, he wouldn't have got high marks.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-s:Read and correct the underlined word
do exercises every day.willIf I were you , I-1
I were you would + inf.
notice
Past Perfect Tense would have + p.p.

11
……….
all her exams.would passIf Hala hadn't been nervous, she-2
……………..
m would have flooded.the taps, the bathrooonIf I hadn't turned-3
……
a computer, you'd get better marks.haveIf you-4
……
clever, he would have solved the problem.wereIf he-5
…….
the bus if she got up early.would have caughtShe-6
……………………
clever at school.bewouldIf he studies hard, he-7
on the other hand–despite–However–Although–{ But
too }–as well–in addition-also–
‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬)‫اﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ‬(
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
* I was ill. I went to school.
- I was ill, but I went to school.
............................................................................................................
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ‬)‫اﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﯾﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬(
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻼم‬ ‫ﺑﺪاﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
Although ( s + v+……..)
- Although I was ill, I went to school.
- I went to school although I was ill.
……………………………………………………………………….
but
Although(=though)
However
Conjunctions

12
‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬–‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬)‫اﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﯾﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺒﺮ‬(
‫ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪأ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫داﺋﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
However( s + v +…………)
- I was ill, however, I went to school.
- I was ill. However, I went to school.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻏﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
despite + ( noun / v+ ing )
- He missed the bus despite getting up early.
- Despite studying hard, he got low marks.
‫اﻻﺧﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬/‫اﺧﺮى‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺣﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﻈﺎر‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
- Egyptians have been building new roads. On the other hand, traffic in cities
is still slow because the number of cars has been growing.
........................................................................................................................................
‫اﯾﻀﺎ‬
1-‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺗﻰ‬
- He also speaks a little French.
2-‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬verb to '' have/ be ''
- He is also good at English.
3-‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫اول‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬
-Also, it was much too expensive.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
In addition ( s + v +…………)
despite
On the other hand
also
In addition

13
In addition to ( noun/ v+ ing)
-He works many hours. In addition, he works on Fridays.
-He studied three subjects. In addition, he did all the homework.
-He studied three subjects in addition to doing all his homework.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
‫اﯾﻀﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺎن‬
- I met Hany yesterday. I met Soha as well.(= too)
Rewrite the following sentences( using the word (s) in brackets)
to give the same meaning :
1- Although he is thin, he always wins the competitions. ( however )
……………………………………………………………..
2-The bag was on the desk. The cat reached it. ( Although )
……………………………………………………………..
3-Although Helen is deaf, she gave lectures. ( but)
………………………………………………………………
4-She speaks Japanese, too. ( also)
……………………………………………………………….
5- He fell off his bike. He wasn't injured. ( Despite)
………………………………………………………………
6-Although the match was interesting, I didn't watch it. ( However)
………………………………………………………………
7-He is polite, kind and cheerful. ( In addition)
……….………………………………………………………
8-I'm not famous. People won't see my picture in the news paper. ( If )
……….………………………………………………………
9-Although Hatem was tired, he didn't go to bed. ( Despite)
……….………………………………………………………
10-They waited for an hour, but he didn't come. (although )
as well=too

14
……….………………………………………………………
11- He got up late because he went to bed late. ( If )
……….………………………………………………………
12-Although he tried hard, he failed. ( Despite)
……….………………………………………………………
13-She learned Italian three years ago. ( for )
……….………………………………………………………
14-Although he isn't rich, he is happy. ( but )
……….………………………………………………………
15-You should do exercises every day. ( If I were you…..)
……….………………………………………………………
16-He didn't buy the car because he didn't have enough money. ( If…..)
……….………………………………………………………
17-First, I studied the lesson. Then, I did the homework. ( after )
……….………………………………………………………
18-When the light went off, I was studying. ( while )
……….………………………………………………………
1-‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪأ‬ ‫اﺳﺌﻠﮫ‬Yes, or No, Q.
2-‫ﺗﺒﺪ‬ ‫أﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬‫اﺳﺘﻔﮭﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﺄداة‬ ‫أ‬Wh. Question
‫اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮﻋﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺮح‬ ‫ﯾﻠﻰ‬ ‫وﻓﯿﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺎﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﺪاﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺆال‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬
**‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺑﺎدﺋﮫ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺎﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫اذا‬Yes, or No,‫ا‬ ‫ﯾﺒﺪأ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﻓﻼﺑﺪ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺆال‬‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ‬ ‫وﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﯾﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ‬
Yes, Ahmed is a doctor.-
Is Ahmed a doctor?
- yes, they are playing football now.
Are they playing football now?
-No, he is not. Aly is my father.
Is Aly your brother?
‫ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫وﯾﺘﻢ‬my‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺎﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬your‫اﻟﺴﺆال‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬.
1- Yes, or No, Question
Question in English

15
‫اﻻﺟﺎﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫إذا‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮى‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫اﻻﺗﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮات‬ ‫إﺗﺒﺎع‬ ‫ﻓﯿﺠﺐ‬
‫أوﻻ‬-‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫زﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬)present or past(
‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎ‬–‫ﺑـ‬ ‫اﻹﺗﯿﺎن‬V to Do‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫زﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬)‫ﺗﺼﺮﯾﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﺷﺮح‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ‬(V to do)
‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬ ‫زﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬
1-‫اﻻﺳﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اواذا‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺮد‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫إذا‬‫ﺳ‬‫اﻟﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎف‬ ‫ﻰ‬s or es‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﯾﺒﺪأ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺆال‬ ‫ﻓﺄن‬Does‫ﺣﺬف‬ ‫وﯾﺘﻢ‬s or es
‫ﯾﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺆال‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺎﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
Yes, the sun rises in the east.
Does the sun rise in the east?
2-‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اذا‬I, We, You, They‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﯾﺒﺪأ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺆال‬ ‫ﻓﺄن‬Do
No. I do not. I write my homework.
Do you play games?
‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬ ‫زﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬
3-‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اذا‬‫ب‬ ‫ﯾﺒﺪأ‬ ‫ﺳﻮف‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺆال‬ ‫ﻓﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪه‬ ‫اﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﯾﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬Did‫وﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﺷﺎذ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﺳﻮاء‬ ‫اﻻول‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮﯾﻒ‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪرة‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺎﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ارﺟﺎع‬
Yes, he travelled to Alexandria last week.
Did he travel to Alexandria last week ?
‫ﺗﺤﻮل‬you…………………….… I‫و‬are…………………….….am
-Wh. Words:
What, Where, Why, When, Which, Who, When, Whose,
How, How long…? How much…? How many...? How far…?....etc
‫ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺆال‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬:-
1-‫ﺗﺤﺪﯾ‬‫ﻋﻨﮫ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻔﮭﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاد‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺰء‬ ‫ﺪ‬.
2-‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻔﮭﺎم‬ ‫أداة‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬.
3-‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻔﮭﺎم‬ ‫أداة‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ‬.
4-‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬‫ﺑــ‬ ‫واﻹﺗﯿﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫زﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬V to do‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫أو‬)‫اﻟﺴﺆال‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ‬Yes, or No, question(
‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪه‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬
Hany.My name is
What is your name?
fine.I am
How are you?
ً2- Wh. Question
( Wh ) + aux. v + S + V +…………….?

16
in the east.The sun rises
Where does the sun rise?
last year.I visited Luxor
When did you visit Luxor?
to Salma.erstwo lettI have sent
How many letters have you sent to Salma?
*‫اﻻﺳﺘﻔﮫﺎم‬ ‫اداة‬How many‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺆال‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاد‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺗﻰ‬
21
in 1998.the World CupBrazil won
1-What did Brazil win in 1998?
2-When did Brazil win the World Cup?
*‫اﻻﺳﺘ‬ ‫اداة‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬‫ﻔﮭﺎم‬Who‫ووﺿﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺬف‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺆال‬who‫ﻣﻨﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻻ‬:-
traveled to Spain last week.Sara-
-Who traveled to Spain last week?
*‫اﻻﺳﺘﻔﮭﺎم‬ ‫ادوات‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺆال‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ‬ ‫اذا‬ ‫اﻣﺎ‬:-
yesterday.DaliaI met-
-Who did you meet yesterday?
-e:Exercis
-Write questions using the words in brackets:
1-King Ramses built lots of temples.
What………………………………………….…………………………..?
2-He took the box to the other side of the river.
Where…………………………………………………………………….?
3-Ayman has washed the glasses.
Who………………………….……………………………………………?
4-I have sent two letters to Salma.
How maney……………………………………..…………….………..?
5-Sedney is in Astralia.
Where………………………………………..…………………………..?
6-She didn't do her homework because she was tired.
Why…………………………………………………………………………?
7-Ali looked after the sheep for three months.
How long……………………………………………………..………….?
8-Yesterday, I visited my uncle.
Who……………………………………………………………..…………?
9-I go to school by bus.
Be careful
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬

17
How……………………………………………………………..…………?
10-Yes, I'm ready to help you.
Are…………………………………………………………….………..…?
11-Yes, I have been to Paris.
Have……………………………………………………………….………?
12-No, I don't. I like fish.
Do…………………………………………………………………………..?
13-No, I don't like meat.
Do………………………………………………………………..…………?
14-No, she doesn't like fish.
Does…………………………………………………………..……………?
15-A baker makes bread.
Who…………………………………………………………..……………?
16-He is eleven years old.
How old……………………………………………………….…………..?
17-Ali goes to school to learn.
Why………………………………………………………………….……..?
18-She was born in 1980.
When……………………………………………………………………….?
19-My favourite sport is football.
What………………………………………………………………………..?
20-It's ten o'clock.
What…………………………………………………………………………?
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮم‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﺔ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻋﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﺔ‬
.‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬+‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬+‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
Subject + Verb + Object.
‫اﻵﺗﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮات‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺗﺒﺎع‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮭﻮل‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬:-
1-‫اﻷوﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬‫ﯾﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬.
2-‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬V to be‫اﻷوﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫زﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬)‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮫ‬ ‫ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻮف‬‫اﻷزﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬(
3-‫اﻻﺳﺎﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺼﺮﯾﻒ‬ ‫ﻧﺄﺗﻲ‬.pp)‫ﺷﺮﺣﮫ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬(
4-‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬by‫ﺛﻢ‬‫ا‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﻷ‬‫أو‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻔﮫ‬ ‫وﻟﻰ‬‫اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل‬ ‫ﺿﻤﯿﺮ‬)‫اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺮح‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ‬(
‫و‬‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺮح‬ ‫ﯾﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﻤﺎ‬:-
ActiveS V O
PassiveO V3 S
The Present Simple Tense
be by
Active and Passive voice

18
is , are
Ahmed studies English…………
Or by himAhmed.byedstudiisEnglish
Farmers sells crops to other people.
Crops are sold to other people(by farmers).
was , were
Ahmed studied English……………
imOr by hAhmed.byedstudiwasEnglish
They built a new canal .
A new canal was built. (by them)
Being
Ahmed is studying English…………… present continuous
imOr by hAhmed.byedstudibeingisEnglish
Farmers are planting wheat.
Wheat is being planted. ( by farmers )
Ahmed was studying English…………….. past continuous
imOr by hAhmed.byedstudibeingEnglish was
The Present and the Past Continuous Tense
The Past Simple Tense
be
be

19
been
Ahmed has studied English……………. present perfect.
imOr by hAhmed.byedstudibeenEnglish has
The government has spent about 5 billion pounds on desert land.
About 5 billion pounds have been spent on desert land.
Ahmed had studied English…………... past perfect
imOr by hAhmed.byedstudibeenEnglish had
been
The government has been developing the Toshka Valley.
The Toshka Valley has been developed by the government.
be
The Present and The Past Perfect Tense
The Future simple Tense
The Present Perfect Continuous Tense
be
be
be

20
Ahmed will study English……………..
imOr by hAhmed.byedstudibeEnglish will
By 2020, the government will build houses there.
By 2020,houses will be built there.
She can sell the old books.
The old books can be sold.
She is going to see the film.
The film is going to be seen.
I was born………( not ' I am born…..)
* I was born In Egypt.
givehave two objects. For example,** Some verbs can
21
)he police.We gave the information to t.=(the informationthe policeWe gave
So it is possible to make two passive sentences:-
were given the information.The police-1
was given the police.The information-2
Notice

21
Other verbs which can have two objects are
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻠﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﻮﺟﺪ‬active‫إﻟﻰ‬passive
1-‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬ ‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻞ‬
- Birds fly high.
2-‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻞ‬)‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺮف‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺒﻮق‬(
- I go to school every day.
‫ﻗﺼﯿ‬ ‫ﺳﺆال‬ ‫ھﻮ‬‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫أﻟﯿﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺮ‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﮭﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن‬+‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﯿﺮ‬
)‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻀﻤﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺒﻮﻋﺎ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن‬
‫واﻟﻌﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻔﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺰﯾﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺆال‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫اﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬(
Ex:-
Tom is American, isn't he?
Mona will travel to Luxor tomorrow, won't she?
He hasn't finished his work , has he ?
Youssef and Mina haven't finished , have they ?
We are happy , aren't we ?
Samia wasn't at home , was she ?
be careful
ask offer pay show teach
tell
Question Tag

22
They'll visit us , won't they ?
He can run fast , can't he ?
**‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻞ‬‫ﻣﻌﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮى‬
1- ………………………..……………….do, don't?
I, They, We, You ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫وﻛﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫اذا‬
I sleep well ,don't I ?
I don't speak French , do I ?
2- ………………….………..…….does, doesn't?
He, She, It ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎر‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫اذا‬‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫وﻛﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬ ‫ع‬
Ali helps his mother , doesn't he ?
She doesn't watch TV, does she ?
3-……………………..……….………did, didn't?
‫اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬ ‫زﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫اذا‬
He drew a picture , didn't he ?
He didn't come , did he ?
‫اﻻﻣﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻞ‬
Open the door , won't you ?
Don't waste your time , will you ?
Have/ has / had + ‫ﻣﻤﺘﻠﻚ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻟﺪﯾﺔ‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ھﻨﺎ‬)‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫وﻟﯿﺲ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺎﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬....(
I have a car , don't I ?
She has a villa , doesn't she ?
We had a house , didn't we ?
I'm ………………………………………..………..……Aren't I ?
I'm not …………………………………………………..…..Am I ?
I'm sleepy , Aren't I ?

23
I'm not hungry , Am I ?
There is ………………………………………..…..isn't there ?
There are …………………………………….…..aren't there ?
There was ………………………………….……wasn't there ?
There isn't any tea left , is there ?
This …… ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﯿﺮ‬ ‫..……ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ it
That …… ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﯿﺮ‬ ‫..……ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ it
This isn't my pen, is it ?
These …… ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﯿﺮ‬ ‫..……ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ they
Those …… ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﯿﺮ‬ ‫..……ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬they
These are our books, aren't they ?
Someone / somebody / anyone / anybody …………..……..they ?
Someone came , didn't they ?
Something / anything / nothing ……………………………………..it ?
Something has happened , hasn't it ?
: ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺬﯾﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺆال‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻔﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬
He walks to school , doesn't he ?
‫ﻟﻠﻨﻔﻰ‬ ‫اﺧﺮى‬ ‫اﺷﻜﺎل‬ ‫ھﻨﺎك‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻆ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬
He never visits us , does he ?
They hardly‫ﻧﺎدرا‬work hard , do they ?
There is no water at all , is there ?
: ‫اﻻوﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫واﻟﻨﻔﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﺛﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺬﯾﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺆال‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺮد‬
Ali : He hasn't finished his work , has he ?

24
Samy : No, he hasn't .
Ali : he drew a picture , didn't he ?
Mona : Yes, he did
‫ﺷﺮح‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻨﺎول‬ ‫ﺳﻮف‬Reported Speech‫ﻓﻲ‬:-
1-‫اﻟﺨﺒﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻞ‬Statement
2-‫اﻻﻣﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻞ‬‫واﻟﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬Instructions and requests
3-‫اﻟﺴﺆال‬)No question-question * Yes-Wh(
‫و‬‫ﺗ‬‫وھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻼم‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻼم‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫إﺛﻨﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼث‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪه‬ ‫ﻄﺒﻖ‬
Reported Speech

25
‫أوﻻ‬***‫ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﯿﻎ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة‬ ‫اﻟﺼﯿﻎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻷزﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫وﯾﺴﺘﺜﻨﻰ‬‫اﻟﺠﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻮﯾﻼت‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﻦ‬
‫واﻟﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮﯾﺔ‬)‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﺒﻘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫وﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬(‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬Indirect‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬Direct
‫اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫زﻣﻦ‬played‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎر‬ ‫زﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬ ‫ع‬play- plays
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫زﻣﻦ‬was. were + v-ing‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬ ‫زﻣﻦ‬am, is, are + v-ing
‫اﻟﺘﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫زﻣﻦ‬had played‫اﻟﺘﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬ ‫زﻣﻦ‬has, have + played
‫اﻟﺘﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫زﻣﻦ‬had played‫اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫زﻣﻦ‬played
Would, could, should, might, had to + infWill, can, shall, may, must + inf
‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎ‬***‫ﯾﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻜﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻇﺮوف‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬Indirect‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬Direct
thennow
that daytoday
that nighttonight
the next day/the following daytomorrow
the day beforeyesterday
the following weeknext week
the year beforelast year
beforeago
thatthis
thosethese
therehere
sothus
‫اﻟﺨﺒﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻞ‬ ‫اوﻻ‬Statements
‫ﻛﺎﻻﺗﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻼم‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻼم‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺒﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬:-
1-‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮل‬‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻘﻰ‬
Said said said to told
2-‫وﺗﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫اﻻﻗﻮاس‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺬف‬''that''‫ﺣﺬﻓﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬
3-‫واﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬
4-‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫اﻻزﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬
5-‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﺮوف‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬
6-***‫ھﺎاااااااﻣﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ‬***
‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬ ‫زﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اذا‬say‫او‬tell‫ﺣﺬﻓﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻻﻗﻮاس‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫اﻻزﻣﻨﮫ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺒﻘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
He says, " I feel hungry.''
He says that he feels hungry.

26
Hesham said, '' I'm coming home at six.''
Hesham said that he was coming home at six.
Salma said to soha, ''I'm very tied.''
Salma told Soha that she was very tired.
‫ﺗﺤ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻆ‬‫ﻣﻌﮫﺎ‬ ‫اﻻزﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻮﻳﻞ‬
He said to me ,''The sn rises in the east.''
He told me that the sun rises in the eat.
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‫واﻟﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻞ‬Instruction and requests
‫ﻳﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮل‬
said, said to told, advised, ordered + object
‫ﺑـــ‬ ‫وﻧﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫اﻻﻗﻮاس‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺬف‬to + inf‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اذا‬
not to + inf‫ﻣﻨ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اذا‬‫ﻔﻰ‬
‫ﻳﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻣﺎ‬
Said, said to asked
‫ﺑـــ‬ ‫وﻧﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫اﻻﻗﻮاس‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺬف‬to + inf‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اذا‬
not to + inf‫اﻻ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اذا‬‫ﻣﻨﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺠﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮع‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻻ‬)‫اﻻزﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻻ‬(
‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ‬:-‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺬف‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬please‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮده‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫اذا‬
Ahmed said to the mechanic,'' Pump up the tyres.''
Ahmed told the mechanic to pump up the tyres.
Adel said to his son, '' Don't play with matches.''
Adel told his son not to play with matches.
''Pass me the sugar ,please, Omar.'' said Hany.
Hany asked Omar to pass him the sugar.
‫اﻟﺴﺆال‬)No question-* Yesquestion-Wh(
‫ﺗﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﻛﺎﻻﺗﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮع‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ﯾﻞ‬:-
Said, said to asked, wanted to know -1
2-‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮده‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻔﮭﺎم‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫وﻧﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫اﻻﻗﻮاس‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺬف‬
3-‫ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫اﻻﺳﺘﻔﮭﺎم‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﮫ‬)‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬(........
1- Wh – question

27
Wh + subject + verb……………
4-‫اﻟﯿﮫ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﻗﻮاس‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬
5-‫اﻻزﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﺷﺮﺣﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
''Where did you spend your summer holiday ,Ali?'' said Soha.
Soha asked Ali where he had spent his summer holiday.
Noha said to Reem,'' How much are you going to pay for anew car?''
Noha asked Reem how much she was going to pay for anew car.
****************************************************************
‫ﻛﺎﻻﺗﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮع‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬:-
Said, said to asked, wanted to know -1
2-‫وﻧﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫اﻻﻗﻮاس‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺬف‬if / whether‫اذا‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬/‫ﻟﻮ‬
3-‫ﻛﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﮫ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﺔ‬if / whether)‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬(........
if / whether + sub + verb……………
4-‫اﻟﯿﮫ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﻗﻮاس‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬
5-‫اﻻزﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﺷﺮﺣﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
''Have you ever been to Paris , Maha?'', said Nora.
Nora asked Maha if she had ever been to Paris.
'' Are you going to visit your uncle tomorrow, Adel?'', said Tamer.
Tamer asked Adel if he was going to visit his uncle the following day.
'' Can you speak French, Manal?'', asked Mona.
Mona asked Manal if she could speak French.
-Exercise:
-ose the correct answer:cho-1
1- The teacher ………me if I had done my homework.
( said – told - asked - advised )
2-My father told me…………….play in the street.
( don't - can't - didn't - not to )
2 - Yes- No question

28
3- I asked him where ………
( did he go - he had gone - had he gone - he has gone )
4-Ashraf asked Ali if he ……..his notebook at school the day before.
( leaves - has left - had left - leaving )
5-My teacher asked me ………talk in class.
( don't - can't - won't - not to )
6-The policeman asked the boy if he……………..anything.
(have lost - had lost - losing - lose )
7-The doctor ……….the patient, ''Come back to see me next week.''
(said to - told - asked - bsgged )
8-He asked where………….yesterday.
(I went - did I go - had I gone - was I )
9-I said to my brother,''…………….make noise.''
(Not - Don't - Not to - To )
10-Tom asked Ahmed,''……………………………………………..?''
( who is Snefru - Who Snefru was-Who Snefru is-Which is Snefru
11-She told me…………………swim in the canal again.
( not to - don't - to - if )
12-He asked me,'' …………………speak English?''
( You could – Would you - Can you - You can )
13-I asked Ali ……………….he would leave for school early.
( to - if - that - not to)
in brackets)to give the)s(Rewrite the following ( using the word-2
-same meaning:
1-''Draw pictures of some animals.''
The teacher asked us……………………………………………………………………
2-''Have you ever been to Paris/''
Ali asked Maged……………………………………………………………………………
3-''What does your father do, Tom?''

29
Hesham asked………………………………………………………………………………
4- ''Don't be noisy,'' Hesham said to Dina.
Hisham told Dina……………………………………………………………………………
5-''What did your father bring you on your birthday, Sally?''
Noura asked …………………………………………………………………………………
6-''Where is Ahmed sitting?''
Hany asked………………………………………………………………………………
7-Salma said to her father ,''Take me to the zoo.''
Salma asked…………………………………………………………………………….
8-''Don't make much noise ,Salma'', Nadia said.
Nadia told ………………………………………………………………………………
9-Tom asked Ahmed if he could tell him the best place to shop in Cairo. ( said to )
………………………………………………………………………………………………
10-Usaaaama told Zaki to help his poor relatives.
Usama said……………………………………………………………………………..
11-Tom asked Ahmed if there was somewhere to relax. ( said to)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
12-''What did you do last week, Mona?''
Hala asked………………………………………………………………………………
13-''Are you going to visit Alexandria during this trip,Tom?''
Ahmed asked Tom…………………………………………………………………..
14-''Which film did you watch yesterday?''
My father asked me …………………………………………………………………
‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﻮﺟﺪ‬subject‫اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻞ‬ ‫واﺧﺮى‬object‫واﺧﺮى‬
‫ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺴﺔ‬reflexive‫ﻣﻠﻜﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫اﯾﻀﺎ‬ ‫وﯾﻮﺟﺪ‬possessive
‫اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬The Pronouns

30
Subjective
Pro.
Objective
Pro.
Possessive
adj.
Possessive
Pro.
Reflexive
Pro.
‫اﻧﺎ‬ I me my mine myself
‫ھﻮ‬ He him his his himself
‫ھﻰ‬ She her her hers herself
‫ھﻮ‬‫اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫او‬ It it its its itself
‫ھﻢ‬ They them their theirs themselves
‫ﻧﺤﻦ‬ We us our ours ourselves
‫اﻧﺖ‬ You you your yours yourself
‫اﻧﺘﻢ‬ You you your yours yourselves
.myself* I haven't hurt
in the mirror.herself* Soha couldn't see
ourselves* We couldn't see
last Sundayhim* Ali is a taxi driver. I met
.mine*This pen is
new hatmy*This is
.are good at EnglishThey*
.theirs*This house is
uniform is dirty.Your*
garden is beautiful.Our*
1- I have got two uncles. I visited………..on Friday.
( him – they – them – their )
2-This is ………….book. Give it to her.
(herself-her-his-she)
3-They visit ……….aunt every Friday.
(them- their-they- themselves)
4-He will hurt………..if he is not careful.
(he – himself- him – his )
‫ان‬ ‫اﻋﺘﺎد‬"Used to"
Choose the correct answer:-

31
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ‬ ‫وﯾﺄﺗﻰ‬ ‫اﻻن‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪث‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪث‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﺎده‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﯿﺪ‬
"1"used to + v
* When I was young , I used to play in the street.
Now I play in the club.
Negative
Used to didn't use to
* He didn't use to smoke much .
* She didn't use to go to the cinema.
Question
did …..use toUsed to
* What did he use to do when he was young?
He used to play in the street.
Did …..use toUsed to
Did he use to play in the street when he was young ?
Yes, he did.
No he didn't.
Relative Clauses
who
which
where
that

32
Who
‫ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫وﺻﻒ‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬)‫اﻟﺬى‬/‫اﻟﺘﻰ‬(
Ex.
A pilot is a person who flies a plane.
A diver is a person who who goes down under water.
Which
‫ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫وﺻﻒ‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬)‫اﺷﯿﺎء‬–‫ﻃﯿﻮر‬–‫ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت‬(......
Ex.
A nightingale is a bird which sings beautifully.
A cow is an animal which gives us milk.
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬that‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻞ‬ ‫وﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻀﻤﯿﺮ‬who or which
That
‫او‬ ‫اﻟﺬى‬‫اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫وﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻰ‬
Ex.
A scientist is a person that does experiments.
This is the book that I bought yesterday.
Where
‫ﻣﻜﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
Ex.
sick people go.whereis a placeA hospital
we cook our food.whereis a placeA kitchen
scored a wonderful goal.whichhe footballerThis is t-1
was giant.whereHe saw the cat-2
was flat.whoHesham is pumping up the tyre-3
I met yesterday.whereThis is the girl-4
she saw the High Dam.whenswanAAmal visited-5
r school.lives near hewhereLaila saw the woman-6
I was born.thatThis is the house-7
‫اﻟﺘﺮﻗﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎت‬Punctuation Marks
Read and correct the underlined words:

33
1-‫ﺑﺤﺮف‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺆال‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪأ‬capital
2-‫اﻟﻀﻤﯿﺮ‬I‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫وان‬ ‫ﻻﺑﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎن‬ ‫اى‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫وﺟﻮده‬capital
3-‫ﺑﺤﺮف‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪأ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﯿﻪ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻤﺎء‬capital
‫اﻹﻋﻼم‬ ‫أﺳﻤﺎء‬
)‫اﻷﺷﺨﺎص‬Ahmed, Mona, Mohammed, Reda, Osama………(
‫أ‬‫اﻷﺳﺒﻮع‬ ‫ﻳﺎم‬
)Saturday, Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday(
‫ﺷﮫﻮر‬‫اﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬
(January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September,
October, November, December)
‫اﻟﻠﻐﺎت‬
(Arabic, English, French, Turkish, Japanese………..)
‫اﻟ‬ ‫أﺳﻤﺎء‬‫واﻟﺸﻮارع‬ ‫واﻟﺠﻨﺴﯿﺎت‬ ‫واﻟﻌﻮاﺻﻢ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺪن‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻘﺎرات‬‫واﻻﻧﮫﺎر‬
( Egypt, England, Cairo, Egyptian, Turkey,……………..)
4-‫ﺑــــ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﮫﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬.full stop
5-‫ﺑــ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺘﮫﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺆال‬‫ـ‬question mark ?
6-‫ﺗﻮﺿﻊ‬apostrophe '‫اﻻﺗﯿﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎرات‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬
(I'm/ He's/ They're/ we're/ I've/ We've/ I'll/ They'll……………)
(Ahmed's car……O'clock….the butcher's……..the baker's)
7-‫ﺗﻮﺿﻊ‬comma ,‫ﻳﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫وﻋﺒﺎرات‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
harvest our wheat and mended,built a road,we plant some trees,ast yearL-
.the water pump
,No,Yes
.ridayFairo lastCelal inHader andN,hmedA,onaMmetI-
-What's his father's name?
-Is Egypt in the north east of Africa?
8-‫اﻟﺘﻨﺼﯿﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎت‬)‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻼم‬(''…………………….''Speech marks
- ahmed said, i have finished my homework
.''have finished my homeworkI''hmed said,A-
-soha asked her father , can i go to the shops
?''go to the shopsIan''Coha asked her father ,S-
Irregular verbs

34
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬V1 V2 V3 / pp ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬V1 V2 V3 / pp
be was/were been lay laid laid
become became become leave left left
begin began begun lend lent lent
bend bent bent let let let
bite bit bitten lie lay lain
blow blew blown light lit lit
break broke broken lose lost lost
bring brought brought make made made
build built built mean ment ment
buy bought bought meet met met
catch caught caught pay paid paid
choose chose chosen put put put
come came come read read(red) read(red)
cost cost cost ride rode ridden
cut cut cut ring rang rung
dig dug dug rise rose risen
do did done run ran run
draw drew drawn say said said
drink drank drunk see saw seen
drive drove driven sell sold sold
eat ate eaten send sent sent
fall fell fallen set set set
feed fed fed shake shook shaken
feel felt felt shoot shot shot
find found found shut shut shut
fly flew flown sing sang sung
forbid forbade forbidden sit sat sat
forget forgot forgotten sleep slept slept
forgive forgave forgiven speak spoke spoken
freeze froze frozen spend spent spent
get got got stand stood stood
give gave given sweep swept swept
go went gone swim swam swum
grow grew grown take took taken
hang hung hung teach taught taught
have had had think thought thought

35
hear heard heard tell told told
hit hit hit throw threw thrown
hold held held understand understood understood
hide hid hidden wake woke woken
hurt hurt hurt win won won
keep kept kept write wrote written
know knew knew
‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻂ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﯿﻨﺎ‬ ‫اﻧﻀﻤﻮ‬
‫زر‬ ‫اﺿﻐﻂ‬CTRL‫اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬+‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎوس‬ ‫اﯾﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﯿﻚ‬
‫ﺳﯿﺘ‬‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺮاﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻢ‬
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