course materials

1. Successful Aging Theory Review Discussion
Successful Aging Theory Review DiscussionSuccessful Aging Theory Review
DiscussionYoaned Santana Florida National University Nursing Theory,NGR-5101 Dr. Barry
Eugene Graham DNP,MSN-Ed RN Hildegard Peplau’s Nurse-Patient Relationship.
Introduction of the Nursing Theorist interpersonal Hildegard Peplau was an exceptional
leader and pioneer in the psychiatrist nursing field. Peplau defines nursing as therapeutic
relationships with patients and providers The theory Nurse-patient relationships must
include 3 phases: orientation, working, and termination to be successful (Hagerty, 2017)
(Smith, & Parker, 2015) Various Nursing Roles Stranger Teacher Technical Counselor
Leader Consultant (Hagerty, 2017); (Smith, & Parker, 2015) Theory Assumptions and the
NursePatient Relationship Nurse and the patient interact with each other Objective
relationship Both the patient and nurse grow because of therapeutic interaction
Communication and interviewing are foundational Nurses should understand themselves
first to treat others (Smith, & Parker, 2015) Orientation Phase Patients attempt to adjust to
their current experiences, patient needs assistance in this phase. The relationship nurse-
patient initiates Nurses take on the first role during the orientation phase is that of stranger
and introduces themselves Patients and nurses fast tracks through this phase and showcase
respect onto the next few phases Smith, & Parker, 2015 Working Phase This phase makes
up the most of nurses time Assessments about patients are made to use for during teaching
purposes and care plans Patients accept nurses as their care provider as they facilitate their
case and awareness of health condition Therapeutic form of communication and the client
take responsibility of a dynamic role on the health team A balance concerning dependence
and independence must be present in this phase Nonjudgmental feedback to patients
(Smith, & Parker, 2015) • Known as discharge planning and involves the patients in the final
transition of care. Termination Phase • The success depends on how well patients and
nurses navigated the orientation and working phases. • Successful Aging Theory Review
DiscussionThe large part of this phase is when the nurses educate patients regarding
managing symptoms and recovery times, old necessities are abandoned and different
objectives are implemented. (Hagerty, 2017) Nursing Practice And Economic Consequences
Hagerty et al (2017) found that the use of Peplau backed practice impacts positive patients’
experiences and increased reimbursement Economic impact that nursing has on hospital
reimbursement Necessary for nursing education to improve health outcomes Change the
health care culture through prioritizing, measuring, and incentivize quality care by nurses
Applications for Nursing Education Structure nursing courses, conferences, and skills

2. laboratory presentations on regarding holistic care and communications Help nurses
increased ability to process the feelings, and thoughts toward their patients Orientation
phase: Working phase: Termination phase: • Students should learn to care for themselves,
personcentered care, significance touch, and being committed to lifelong learning • Become
an active listener and helping patient become more self-aware • Nurse students should to
reflect back upon care they provided (Deane & Fain, 2016) Implications for Nursing
Research Enhances the number of roles nurses play i.e. stranger, counselor, caregiver etc.
(Smith, & Parker, 2015) Training can improve interpersonal knowledge and skills of nurse
managers (Hariyati, & Ungsianik, 2018) Nursing schools and programs can implement
theory for education purposes and holistic interactions with older individuals (Deane &
Fain, 2016). Conclusion • Peplau conceptualized clear sets of nurse’s roles that can be used
by each and every nurse with their practice. • Successful Aging Theory Review
DiscussionORDER NOW FOR CUSTOMIZED, PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPERSThe theory suggests
that a nurse’s role is more than just providing care but involves the complete cycle of
activities affecting care of the patient • The therapeutic nurse-patient relationship can be
applied in various ways • The phases can be applied to real life in terms of assessment,
diagnosing, implementing care, and the final evaluation or discharge References • Deane, W.
H., & Fain, J. A. (2016). Incorporating Peplau’s theory of interpersonal relations to promote
holistic communication between older adults and nursing students. Journal of Holistic
Nursing, 34(1), 35-41. • Hagerty, T. A., Samuels, W., Norcini-Pala, A., & Gigliotti, E. (2017).
Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations: An Alternate Factor Structure for Patient
Experience Data?. Nursing science quarterly, 30(2), 160–167.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0894318417693286 • Hariyati, R. T. S., & Ungsianik, T. (2018).
Improving the interpersonal competences of head nurses through Peplau’s theoretical
active learning approach. Enfermería Clínica, 28, 149-153 • Smith, M. C., & Parker, M. E.
(2015). Nursing theories and nursing practice. FA Davis. SUCCESSFUL AGING THEORY
MEREDITH TROUTMAN-JORDAN, PHD, PMHCNS-BC Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing,
Gerontology, Nursing Theor ? Specializes in psychiatric mental health clinical nurse,
certified by the American Nurses Credentialing Centre ? She earned her PhD in Nursing
Science from South Carolina University (2005) She has conducted multiple studies at local
community sites, including senior centers and residential facilities, as well as facilitating
community service for students and clinical experiences at senior centers and assisted
residential institutions. Her work is concentrated on effective aging with older adults,
instrument production and testing, and focus group research among seniors. Presently, she
is pursuing the Eat Healthy, Push Further intervention to assess effects on mood,
cardiovascular factors, information about brain health and effective aging. THE ROOTS OF
SUCCESSFUL AGING THEORY CLASSIFICATION: Middle Range Successful Aging Theory
Review DiscussionThe theory provides more comprehensible correlations between Grand
Nursing Theories and Nursing Practices. This theory has been tested through research and
is used for further assessment and intervention for nursing practices. It is descriptive and
can be substantially validated through further research. Additionally, it may also help
anticipate appropriate interventions in clinical nursing practice. OVERVIEW: THE ROOTS
OF SUCCESSFUL AGING THEORY Dr. Troutman’s theory of successful aging is aligned with

3. Roy’s model was conceptualized because of the need for specific nursing theory of aging
that could aide nurses while caring for older adults. She developed a middle-range level
nursing theory which assimilates physical, mental, spiritual, and geotranscendental changes
that may occur and lead to successful aging. Her research was a qualitative analysis of data
which asked the respondents respond to the open-ended question, “What does successful
aging mean to you?” Her theory presents older age as a great opportunity to learn and be
capable of evaluating their experience as they encounter aging. “Key assumptions in the
theory state that: aging is a progressive process of simple to increasingly complex
adaptation to change; aging may be successful or unsuccessful, depending upon a person’s
ability to progress from simple to more complex use of coping processes; a person’s choices
influence successful aging and aging people experience changes, which uniquely
characterize their beliefs and perspectives as different from those younger adults”
(Troutman-Jordan et al., 2014). In nursing, there is one well-known theory which provides a
clear example that conceptualize successful aging, which is Roy’s theory. Dr. Troutman
utilized Roy’s adaptation model to assist older adults to transition to later life.
GEROTRANSCENDENCE FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE -DECREASED DEATH ANXIETY
MECHANISM -SELF-ACCEPTANCE -SOLITUDE -PHYSICAL HEALTH AND MOBILITY -
MEANINGFUL ACTIVITIES -HEALTH PROMOTION ACTIVITIES -RELATIONSHIPS -WISDOM
SUCCESSFUL AGING SPIRITUALITY INTRAPSYCHIC FACTORS -SPIRITUAL PERSPECTIVE -
CREATIVITY -RELIGIOSITY -PERSONAL CONTROL -LOW LEVEL NEGATIVE AFFECTIVITY
Examples of related nursing practice There are three major psychosocial theories of aging—
activity theory, disengagement theory, and continuity theory. The disengagement theory,
describes aging as “an inevitable, mutual withdrawal or disengagement”; it is exemplified by
retirement associated with gradual retreat of the older adult from his social roles.
Additionally, the activity theory define old age and the process of aging as “a lively and
creative experience associated with development of new functions replacing those of earlier
life.” It states that older adults must remain functional, regardless of physical age, and the
society should treat them equally as middle-aged individuals, with similar rights and
responsibilities (Troutman-Jordan et al., 2014). The continuity theory states that “elders
adapt to changes by using strategies to maintain continuity in their lives, both internal and
external” (Lohman et al., 2019). Nursing theorists have analyzed aging from a
developmental picture. An evaluation of nursing theories and discussed aging as the
expected result of human development. Thus, while nursing theories describe the
development of human aging, they have not come up to essentially define the progressive
attributes of the aging process. A qualitative study was obtained regarding older adults’
viewpoints on what creates successful aging as well as their understanding regarding
activities and interventions to enhance its likelihood by Jennifer Reichstadt and company. It
concluded that “older adults viewed successful aging as a balance between self-acceptance
and self-contentedness on one hand and engagement with life and self-growth in later life
on the other” (Reichstadt et al., 2010)Successful Aging Theory Review Discussion. A study
entitled “Perceptions of successful aging among diverse elders with late-life disability” was
conducted among various ethnicity and groups by Rafael Romo and his team implicated that
most of the participants with late-life disability felt they had aged successfully. The study

4. established that successful aging involves subjective criteria with a cultural context that is
not captured in objective dimensions (Romo et al., 2012). BENEFITS TOWARDS ADVANCE
NURSING PRACTICE • Dr. Troutman’s middle-range theory of successful aging enables us to
contemplate tailored nursing interventions to promote successful aging among older adults.
This theory aids the nurses to discern and help elders achieve their personal experience of
successful aging by utilizing the four coping processes. • With ceaseless research, it could
yield insightful information for deeper awareness of the subtle distinctions in successful
aging across diverse groups, and for planning tailored interventions to promote successful
aging globally. • As with the other nursing theories, it will enable the healthcare
professional to advance the level of geriatric care rendered and apply customized care that
is relevant to the practice and lifestyle of old age patients. • This would enable the
government to streamline the budget for elderly healthcare and maximize resources that
would benefit the majority of individuals who need medical care. CONCLUSION Dr.
Troutman’s theory rose from the concern that that no specific nursing theory of aging was
accessible to guide nurses while caring for older adults. She developed a theory based on
Roy’s theory of Adaptation. Her theory on Successful Aging encompass four coping
processes as older adults interact with the environment. These include: Functional
Performance mechanism, Gerotranscendence, Spirituality and Intrapsychic Factors. These
four components will enable the older adult to attain successful aging. The theory examines
the evolution of the concept of successful aging and its relevance to nursing science and
practice. The primary aim of the theory is to widen the opportunity to successfully age as an
older adults and recognize their ability to value and acclimate to the development of aging.
It identifies nursing interventions that promote successful aging in older adults who are not
thriving well. According to CDC, there is a constant increase in the costs for elderly care.
Older adults are aware of this issue and may affect their lives one way or another.
Knowledge of this theory will help the nurse to provide individually fitted interventions
towards geriatric patients. The modified healthcare approach will promote a higher life
expectancy rate with minimal illnesses among the older adults. You may ask questions
regarding the presentation. Howie, L., Jordan, M. T., & Newman, A. (2013). Social and
Successful Aging in Assisted Living Residents. Taylor & Francis.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03601277.2013.768085. Lohman, H.,
Byers-Connon, S., & Padilla, R. L. (2019). In Occupational therapy with elders: strategies for
the COTA. essay, Elsevier. Meredith Troutman-Jordan, PhD, PMHCNS-BC. Meredith
Troutman-Jordan, PhD, PMHCNS-BC | School of Nursing | UNC Charlotte.
https://nursing.uncc.edu/directory/meredith-troutman-jordan-phd-pmhcns-bc .
Reichstadt , J., Sengupta, G., Depp, C., & Palinkas, L. (2010). Older adults’ perspectives on
successful aging: qualitative interviews. Successful Aging Theory Review DiscussionThe
American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for
Geriatric Psychiatry. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20593536/. Romo , R., Yourman, L.,
Yeung, C., & Smith, A. (2012). Perceptions of successful aging among diverse elders with
late-life disability. The Gerontologist. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23231944/.
Troutman-Jordan, M., & Staples, J. (2014, January 1). Successful Aging From the Viewpoint
of Older Adults. Research and Theory for Nursing Practice.

5. https://connect.springerpub.com/content/sgrrtnp/28/1/87. Troutman-Jordan, M. T.,
Topaz, M., & MacKenzie, M. (2014). Construction, Deconstruction, and Reconstruction: The
Roots of Successful Aging Theories – Maxim Topaz, Meredith Troutman-Jordan, Meredith
MacKenzie, 2014. SAGE Journals.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0894318414534484. Topaz, M., Troutman-
Jordan, M., & Mackenzie, M. A. (2018, August 1). Figure 1. The Middle-Range Theory of
Successful Aging. . ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-Middle-Range-
Theory-of-SuccessfulAging_fig1_263297140. Hildegard Peplau’s Nurse-Patient Relationship.
Introduction of the Nursing Theorist interpersonal Hildegard Peplau was an exceptional
leader and pioneer in the psychiatrist nursing field. Peplau defines nursing as therapeutic
relationships with patients and providers The theory Nurse-patient relationships must
include 3 phases: orientation, working, and termination to be successful (Hagerty, 2017)
(Smith, & Parker, 2015) Various Nursing Roles Stranger Teacher Technical Counselor
Leader Consultant (Hagerty, 2017); (Smith, & Parker, 2015) Theory Assumptions and the
NursePatient Relationship Nurse and the patient interact with each other Objective
relationship Both the patient and nurse grow because of therapeutic interaction
Communication and interviewing are foundational Nurses should understand themselves
first to treat others (Smith, & Parker, 2015) Orientation Phase Patients attempt to adjust to
their current experiences, patient needs assistance in this phase. The relationship nurse-
patient initiates Nurses take on the first role during the orientation phase is that of stranger
and introduces themselves Patients and nurses fast tracks through this phase and showcase
respect onto the next few phases Smith, & Parker, 2015 Working Phase This phase makes
up the most of nurses time Assessments about patients are made to use for during teaching
purposes and care plans Patients accept nurses as their care provider as they facilitate their
case and awareness of health condition Therapeutic form of communication and the client
take responsibility of a dynamic role on the health team A balance concerning dependence
and independence must be present in this phase Nonjudgmental feedback to patients
(Smith, & Parker, 2015) • Known as discharge planning and involves the patients in the final
transition of care. Termination Phase • The success depends on how well patients and
nurses navigated the orientation and working phases. • Successful Aging Theory Review
DiscussionThe large part of this phase is when the nurses educate patients regarding
managing symptoms and recovery times, old necessities are abandoned and different
objectives are implemented. (Hagerty, 2017) Nursing Practice And Economic Consequences
Hagerty et al (2017) found that the use of Peplau backed practice impacts positive patients’
experiences and increased reimbursement Economic impact that nursing has on hospital
reimbursement Necessary for nursing education to improve health outcomes Change the
health care culture through prioritizing, measuring, and incentivize quality care by nurses
Applications for Nursing Education Structure nursing courses, conferences, and skills
laboratory presentations on regarding holistic care and communications Help nurses
increased ability to process the feelings, and thoughts toward their patients Orientation
phase: Working phase: Termination phase: • Students should learn to care for themselves,
personcentered care, significance touch, and being committed to lifelong learning • Become
an active listener and helping patient become more self-aware • Nurse students should to

6. reflect back upon care they provided (Deane & Fain, 2016) Implications for Nursing
Research Enhances the number of roles nurses play i.e. stranger, counselor, caregiver etc.
(Smith, & Parker, 2015) Training can improve interpersonal knowledge and skills of nurse
managers (Hariyati, & Ungsianik, 2018) Nursing schools and programs can implement
theory for education purposes and holistic interactions with older individuals (Deane &
Fain, 2016). Conclusion • Peplau conceptualized clear sets of nurse’s roles that can be used
by each and every nurse with their practice. • The theory suggests that a nurse’s role is
more than just providing care but involves the complete cycle of activities affecting care of
the patient • The therapeutic nurse-patient relationship can be applied in various ways •
The phases can be applied to real life in terms of assessment, diagnosing, implementing
care, and the final evaluation or discharge References • Deane, W. H., & Fain, J. A. (2016).
Incorporating Peplau’s theory of interpersonal relations to promote holistic communication
between older adults and nursing students. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 34(1), 35-41. •
Hagerty, T. A., Samuels, W., Norcini-Pala, A., & Gigliotti, E. (2017). Peplau’s Theory of
Interpersonal Relations: An Alternate Factor Structure for Patient Experience Data?.
Nursing science quarterly, 30(2), 160–167. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894318417693286 •
Hariyati, R. T. S., & Ungsianik, T. (2018). Improving the interpersonal competences of head
nurses through Peplau’s theoretical active learning approach. Enfermería Clínica, 28, 149-
153 • Smith, M. C., & Parker, M. E. (2015). Nursing theories and nursing practice. FA Davi
Successful Aging Theory Review Discussion