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Module 2 Revision

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Module 2 Revision Industrial Organic Chemistry
2.5a. Conditions for ammonia and nitric acid manufacture ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Making Nitric Acid Ammonia is changed into nitric acid in the Ostwald process.  This is another equilibrium process which starts with the reaction of ammonia and oxygen. 4NH 3 (g) + 5O 2 (g) -> 4NO(g) + 6H 2 O(g)  ∆ H= -900 kJmol-1 The optimum (best) conditions for this process which give the greatest yield are a pressure of 10 atmospheres a temperature of about 900 °C a catalyst of platinum and rhodium The nitrogen monoxide is then mixed with oxygen and flows up a column down which water flows.  The result is a solution of 65% nitric acid. 4NO(g) + 3O 2 (g) +2H 2 O(l) -> 4HNO 3 (aq)
2.5b. Conditions for sulfuric acid manufacture ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2.5e. The electrolytic extraction of aluminium ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Process ,[object Object],[object Object]
Diagram .                                                                                                               
Cost of Aluminium Extraction ,[object Object],[object Object]
2.5g. The electrolysis of sodium chloride ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Diagram of a Membrane Cell Below is a diagram of a membrane cell:                                                                                                            
Reactions taking place ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How the electrolysis works ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Uses of chlorine and sodium chlorate ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Module 2 Revision

  • 1. Module 2 Revision Industrial Organic Chemistry
  • 2.
  • 3. Making Nitric Acid Ammonia is changed into nitric acid in the Ostwald process.  This is another equilibrium process which starts with the reaction of ammonia and oxygen. 4NH 3 (g) + 5O 2 (g) -> 4NO(g) + 6H 2 O(g)  ∆ H= -900 kJmol-1 The optimum (best) conditions for this process which give the greatest yield are a pressure of 10 atmospheres a temperature of about 900 °C a catalyst of platinum and rhodium The nitrogen monoxide is then mixed with oxygen and flows up a column down which water flows.  The result is a solution of 65% nitric acid. 4NO(g) + 3O 2 (g) +2H 2 O(l) -> 4HNO 3 (aq)
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7. Diagram .                                                                                                               
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10. Diagram of a Membrane Cell Below is a diagram of a membrane cell:                                                                                                            
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.