| The X Article
• The USSR perceived itself at perpetual war with capitalism;
• The USSR viewed left-wing, but non-communist, groups in other countries as
an even worse enemy of itself than the capitalist ones;
• The USSR would use controllable Marxists in the capitalist world as allies;
• Soviet aggression was fundamentally not aligned with the views of
the Russian people or with economic reality, but rooted in historic Russian
nationalism and neurosis;
• The Soviet government's structure inhibited objective or accurate pictures of
internal and external reality.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Article
| The X Article 啟⽰示
• Soviet aggression was fundamentally not aligned with the
views of the Russian people or with economic reality, but
rooted in historic Russian nationalism and neurosis;
• The Soviet government's structure inhibited objective or
accurate pictures of internal and external reality.
| 台灣遠洋漁業規模
The research, led by scientists at Global Fishing
Watch, a research organization that uses satellite
data to track fishing activity, examined some 22
billion ship-location data points for more than
70,000 industrial fishing vessels between 2012
and 2016. It found commercial fishing hotspots in
the northeast Atlantic and northwest Pacific, as
well as in nutrient-rich areas off the coasts of
South America and West Africa.
| ⽇日本怎麼做
What is SPORT FOR TOMORROW?
An international contribution through sport initiative jointly implemented by public and private
sectors, which promotes sport to more than 10 million people in over 100 nations until 2020, the year
when Tokyo will host the Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games.
http://www.sport4tomorrow.jp/
| 國合結構
主要 特殊
IGO ITU (1865), UN (1946), WTO
(1995)
x
INGO AI, TI, Red Cross 宗教組織, ISIS
GO 193 (UN) Taiwan, Kosovo
NGO 伊甸 x
CSO 鄰⾥里里巡守團 x
Civil Society 市⺠民 x
| 台灣現況
對內 對外
IGO x x
INGO x v
GO 台灣政府 外館、貿協
NGO 伊甸 路路⽵竹會、ICDF*
CSO 鄰⾥里里巡守團 ?
Civil Society 市⺠民 外籍⼈人⼠士
| INGO
我國在37 個政府間國際組織或其下屬機構擁有會籍,包括「亞太經濟合作」(Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, APEC)、「世界貿
易組織」(World Trade Organization, WTO)、「亞洲選舉官署協會」(Association of Asian Election Authorities , AAEA)、「亞非
農村發展組織」(African-Asian Rural Development Organization, AARDO)、「世界貿易組織法律諮詢中⼼」(Advisory Centre on
WTO Laws, ACWL)、「亞洲開發銀⾏」(Asian Development Bank, ADB)、「亞太農業研究機構聯盟」(Asia-Pacific Association
of Agricultural Research Institutions, APAARI)、「亞太防制洗錢組織」(Asia/Pacific Group on Money Laundering, APG)、「亞太法
定計量論壇」(Asia-Pacific Legal Metrology Forum, APLMF)、「亞洲⽣產⼒組織」(Asian Productivity Organization, APO)、
「亞太區追討犯罪所得機構網絡」(ARIN-AP)、「亞洲醫療器材法規調和會」( Asian Harmonization Working Party, AHWP)、
「亞蔬-世界蔬菜中⼼」(The World Vegetable Center - AVRDC)、「世界選舉機關協會」(Association of World Election Bodies , A-
WEB)、「中美洲銀⾏」(Central American Bank for Economic Integration, CABEI)、「南⽅⿊鮪保育委員會」之「延伸委員會」
(Extended Commission, Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna, CCSBT)、「國際衛星輔助搜救組織」
(COSPAS-SARSAT)、「艾格蒙聯盟」(Egmont Group, EG)、「亞太糧食肥料技術中⼼」(Food and Fertilizer Technology
Center for the Asian and Pacific Region, FFTC/ASPAC)、「國際保險監理官協會」(International Association of Insurance Supervisors,
IAIS)、「美洲熱帶鮪⿂委員會」(Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, IATTC)、「國際政府資訊科技理事會」
(International Council for Information Technology in Government Administration, ICA)、「國際棉業諮詢委員會」(International
Cotton Advisory Committee, ICAC)、「國際競爭網絡」(International Competition Network, ICN)、「審計監理機關國際論壇」
(International Forum of Independent Audit Regulators, IFIAR)、「國際證券管理機構組織」(International Organizations of Securities
Commissions, IOSCO)、「國際種⼦檢查協會」(International Seed Testing Association, ISTA)、「北太平洋鮪類及似鮪類國際科
學委員會」(International Scientific Committee for Tuna and Tuna-like Species in the North Pacific Ocean, ISC)、「北太平洋漁業委員
會」(North Pacific Fisheries Commission, NPFC)、「世界動物衛⽣組織」(World Organisation for Animal Health, OIE)、「東南
亞國家中央銀⾏總裁聯合會」(The Conference of Governors of South East Asian Central Banks, SEACEN)、「亞洲稅務⾏政及研究
組織」(Study Group on Asian Tax Administration and Research, SGATAR)、「南太平洋區域漁業管理組織」(South Pacific
Regional Fisheries Management Organisation, SPRFMO)、「標準與貿易發展機構」(Standards and Trade Development Facility,
STDF)、「世界關務組織」(World Customs Organization, WCO)下屬之「原產地規則技術委員會」(Technical Committee on
Rules of Origin)、「世界關務組織」(WCO)下屬之「關稅估價技術委員會」(Technical Committee on Customs Valuation)以及
「中西太平洋漁業委員會」(Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission, WCPFC)等政府間國際組織。
有多少可以打的牌?
| INGO
另我國以觀察員等其他身分參與21個政府間國際組織或其下屬機構,包括「中美洲軍事會議」(Conferencia de las Fuerzas Armadas
Centroamericanas; CFAC)、「國際度量衡⼤會」(General Conference of Weights and Measures, CGPM)、「歐洲復興開發銀⾏」
(European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, EBRD)、「糧食援助委員會」(Food Aid Committee, FAC)、「中美洲暨加勒比
海盆地國會議長論壇」(Foro de Presidentes de Poderes Legislativos de Centroamerica y la Cuenca del Caribe, FOPREL)、「全球⽣物多
樣性資訊機構」(Global Biodiversity Information Facility, GBIF)、「國際⼤西洋鮪類資源保育委員會」(International Commission for
the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas, ICCAT)、「國際醫藥法規協和會」(International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements
for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use, ICH)、「美洲開發銀⾏」(Inter-American Development Bank, IDB)、「國際穀物理事會」
(International Grain Council, IGC)、「國際再⽣能源組織」(International Renewable Energy Agency, IRENA)、「國際間鑽⽯原⽯進
出⼜認證標準機制」(Kimberley Process, KP)、「經濟合作暨發展組織」(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development,
OECD )下屬之「競爭委員會」(Competition Committee)、「經濟合作暨發展組織」(OECD )下屬之「鋼鐵委員會」(Steel
Committee)、「經濟合作暨發展組織」(OECD )下屬之「漁業委員會」(Fisheries Committee )、「國際法定計量組織」
(International Organization of Legal Metrology, OIML)、「中美洲議會」(Central American Parliament, PARLACEN)、「太平洋島國
論壇」(Pacific Islands Forum, PIF)、「中美洲統合體」(Sistema de la Integracion Centroamericana, SICA)、「世界關務組織」
(WCO)下屬之「修正版京都公約管理委員會」(Revised Kyoto Convention Management Committee)以及「世界衛⽣⼤會」(World
Health Assembly, WHA)。
好牌還是爛牌?
List of countries and territories by population
density (over 10m pop.) (pop./km2)
1. Bangladesh (1129)
2. Taiwan (650)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_by_population_density
台灣有很多號稱的「第⼀一」...... 同婚 (2017)?
Also possibly the worst in Asia: data breaches,
privacy intrusions, frauds…
-Kenya Angers Taiwan by Deporting More Fraud Suspects to China (2016, NY Times)
-Taiwan Fears Fraud Suspects in Malaysia May Be Deported to China (2016, NT Times)
-Cambodia to deport Taiwan telecoms fraud suspects to China (2016, Reuters)
-Philippines arrests 44 from China, Taiwan in Internet fraud (2014, Strait Times)
OSI 七層
Application 應⽤用
Presentation 表現
Session 會談
Transport 傳送
Network 網絡
Data Link 鏈結
Physical 實體
TCP/IP 四層
Application 應⽤用
(BGP, DNS, HTTP…)
Transport 傳送
Internet 網絡
Network 鏈結
ISO NET
⼤大致對應關係
NIRs (National Internet Registries)
https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/organization/apnics-region/national-internet-registries/
TCP/IP 四層
Application 應⽤用
(BGP, DNS, HTTP…)
Transport 傳送
Internet 網絡
Network 鏈結
NET
1974~ 1993~
1999~
資料庫欄位
- 報告編號 Number of issue in report
- 主事/主辦/地點 Actor/Host/Venue
- 名稱/機制說明 Name/Description of Mechanism
- 機制型態 Type of Mechanism
- 參與機制的功能 Function of Participation Mechanism
- 跨領域途徑 Inter-sectoral Approach
- 地區/國際範圍 Coverage Regional/international
- 可能斷層型態 Type of Possible Gap
UNCTAD: CSTD Mapping Internet Database
http://unctad.org/meetings/en/SessionalDocuments/CSTD_2014_Mapping_InternetDatabase_en.pdf
Four Baskets: Cybersecurity
1. UNGA First Committee, UNGGE, GGECCW, UN Security Council
2. ITU, Council of Europe, EU, AfU, Interpol/Europol, Wassenaar Arrangement
3. GCSC, GCCS, MSC (Munich Security Conference), GFCE, NATO, WSIS, IGF
4. OSCE, G7, BRICS
Four Baskets: Cybersecurity
1. Norms of behavior of state and non-state actors in cyberspace: UNGGE, OSCE, G7, BRICS, GCSC, GCCS,
WEF;
2. Confidence building measures in cyberspace (CBMs): UNGGE, OSCE, ASEAN, G7, BRICS, GCSC, GCCS;
3. Protection of the public core of the Internet and critical infrastructure as electricity, financial transactions,
transportation services and electoral systems: UN, G7, ICANN/PIT, GCSC, GCCS, MSC, NATO;
4. Moratorium for the development of lethal autonomous weapon systems (LAWS) and other Internet based
offensive cyber weapons: GGECCW, GCCS;
5. Dual-use technologies: Wassenaar Arrangement, GCSC, GCCS;
6. Fight against cybercrime: Council of Europe, Interpol/Europol, GFCE, GCSC, GCCS, WEF, EU, AU;
7. Fight against the terrorist use of ICTs: UN Security Council Counter Terrorism Committee, Interpol/Europol,
GCCS, GCSC, WEF.
2013~
The Tallinn Manual 2.0 is the most
comprehensive analysis of how existing international
law applies to cyberspace. Authored by nineteen
international law experts, the “Tallinn Manual 2.0 on
the International Law Applicable to Cyber
Operations”, the updated and considerably expanded
second edition of the 2013 “Tallinn Manual on the
International Law Applicable to Cyber Warfare”, is an
influential resource for legal advisers dealing with
cyber issues.