C CBVSFSDV CXCVVVCXVCCVXXCVVC

1. MODULE-III
Course Code: AHSB01
ENGLISH COMMUNICATION SKILLS
Regulation: IARE-R20
B . Tech: I SEM
Prepared by
G INDRANI
Institute of Aeronautical Engineering
Dundigal, Hyderabad

2. INDRANI
Assistant Professor
Department of English
Institute of aeronautical Engineering
DON’T WRITE OR PLACE
ANY IMAGE IN THIS AREA
Institute of Aeronautical Engineering

3. DON’T WRITE OR PLACE
ANY IMAGE IN THIS AREA
Institute of Aeronautical Engineering

4. :
In linguistics, word formation is the creation of a new
word. Word formation is sometimes contrasted with
semantic change. Semantic change means a change in a
single word's meaning a new use of an old word be a
new word derived from an old one and identical to it in
form.
DON’T WRITE OR PLACE
ANY IMAGE IN THIS AREA
INTRODUCTIONTO VOCABULARY

5. :
A root word has no prefix or suffix — it's the most basic part
of a word. The root word at the heart of "conformity," for
example, is "form."
In linguistics, a root word holds the most basic meaning of any
word. It's what's left after you remove all the affixes — the
prefixes like "un-" or "anti-" and suffixes such as "-able" and
"-tion." With a word like "lovely," when you take away the
suffix "-ly," you're left with the root word "love." Other
words, like "schoolhouse" and "armchair," are made up of
two root words together
DON’T WRITE OR PLACE
ANY IMAGE IN THIS AREA
INTRODUCTIONTO VOCABULARY

6. :
In English grammar and morphology, a root is a word or
word element (in other words, a morpheme) from which
other words grow, usually through the addition of
prefixes and suffixes. Also called a root word.
DON’T WRITE OR PLACE
ANY IMAGE IN THIS AREA
INTRODUCTIONTO VOCABULARY

7. DON’T WRITE OR PLACE
ANY IMAGE IN THIS AREA
INTRODUCTIONTO VOCABULARY
Alter meaning
2. Ami or amic meaning
3. Amphi meaning:
4. Anthrop meaning:
5. Aqua or Aque meaning

8. DON’T WRITE OR PLACE
ANY IMAGE IN THIS AREA
INTRODUCTIONTO VOCABULARY
6. Aud meaning:
7. Bio meaning:
8. Cap meaning:
9. Carn meaning:
10. Chron meaning:
11.Cogn meaning:
12. Cred meaning:
13. Dei meaning:
14. Demo meaning:
15. Dent meaning:

9. • 1. Alter meaning: Other – alternate
• 2. Ami or amic meaning: Love - amicable
• 3. Amphi meaning: All side or both ends - amphibian
• 4. Anthrop meaning: Human or man - Anthropology
• 5. Aqua or Aque meaning: Water - aquarium
DON’T WRITE OR PLACE
ANY IMAGE IN THIS AREA
INTRODUCTIONTO VOCABULARY

10. • 6. Aud meaning: Sound - audio
• 7. Bio meaning: Life - Biography
• 8. Cap meaning: To take or seize control of - capsize
• 9. Carn meaning: Meat - carnivorous
• 10. Chron meaning: Time – chronicle
DON’T WRITE OR PLACE
ANY IMAGE IN THIS AREA
INTRODUCTIONTO VOCABULARY

11. • 11.Cogn meaning:know-cognizant
• 12. Cred meaning: Believe – credibility
• 13. Dei meaning: god – deity
• 14. Demo meaning: People – democracy
• 15. Dent meaning: Tooth – dental
DON’T WRITE OR PLACE
ANY IMAGE IN THIS AREA
INTRODUCTIONTO VOCABULARY

12. • 16. Derm meaning: Skin – dermatology
• 17. Duo meaning: Two - dual, duet
• 18. Dynam meaning: Power – dynamo
• 19. Ego meaning: Self – egoist
• 20. Equ meaning: Equal or equivalen
DON’T WRITE OR PLACE
ANY IMAGE IN THIS AREA
INTRODUCTIONTO VOCABULARY

13. Suffix, such as -ness or un-.
For example, happiness and unhappy derive from the root word
happy.
1. adjective-to-noun: -ness (slow → eg: slowness)
2. adjective-to-verb: -ise (modern →eg: modernize) in
British English
3. or -ize (final → finalize) in American English and
Oxford spelling
4. adjective-to-adjective: -ish (red → eg: reddish)
5. adjective-to-adverb: -ly (personal → eg: personally)
DON’T WRITE OR PLACE
ANY IMAGE IN THIS AREA
Suffixes from foreign languages in English to form derivatives:

14. 6. noun-to-adjective: -al (recreation → eg: recreational)
7. noun-to-verb: -fy (glory → eg: glorify)
8. verb-to-adjective: -able (drink → eg: potable)
9. verb-to-noun (abstract): -ance (deliver → eg: deliverance)
10. verb-to-noun (agent): -er (write → eg: writer)
DON’T WRITE OR PLACE
ANY IMAGE IN THIS AREA
Institute of Aeronautical Engineering

15. Abbreviations are short forms of lengthy expressions. Abbreviations
are in use in almost every discipline and area of life.
• A.S.A.P. – ‘As soon as possible,’ used when encouraging someone to
respond to a request without delay.
• E.T.A. – This acronym means ‘estimated time of arrival,’ and is used as a guess
for when one expects to arrive while traveling.
• D.I.Y. – This acronym stands for ‘do it yourself,’ which means creating
something on your own. It is often used for crafts and home repairs.
• U.N.O - The world famous organisation that strives to establish global peace
• W.H.O - World Health Organisation
• B.B.C- British Broadcasting Corporation
• A.I.R - All India Radio
• F.I.R - First Information Report
Standard Abbreviations

16. Standard Abbreviations

17. Standard Abbreviations

18. Synonyms and Antonyms
Synonyms and Antonyms form an important part of competitive
exams. Candidates frequently face questions related to synonyms
and antonyms in the English language section of various
Government exams such as SSC, RRB, Bank, IBPS and more.
Candidates tend to lose marks in the English section if their
vocabulary is not up to the mark. The usage of Synonyms and
Antonyms is essential in day-to-day communication as well.
DON’T WRITE OR PLACE
ANY IMAGE IN THIS AREA
Synonyms –Antonyms

19. DON’T WRITE OR PLACE
ANY IMAGE IN THIS AREA
Synonyms –
Words Synonyms – Same Meaning Antonyms – Opposites
Abject Despicable, servile Commendable, Praiseworthy
Abound Flourish, proliferate Deficient, Destitute
Abortive Vain, unproductive Productive
Acrimony Harshness, bitterness Courtesy, Benevolence
Accord Agreement, harmony Discord
Adjunct Joined, Added Separated, Subtracted

20. DON’T WRITE OR PLACE
ANY IMAGE IN THIS AREA
Synonyms –
Adversity Misfortune, calamity Prosperity, Fortune
Adherent Follower, disciple Rival, Adversary
Adamant Stubborn, inflexible Flexible, Soft
Barbarous Frustrate, perplex Civilized
Bleak Grim, Austere Bright, Pleasant
Bewitching Alluring, charming Repulsive, Repugnant
Baroque Florid, gilt Plain, unadorned
Brittle Breakable, crisp Tough, Enduring
Barrier Barricade, Obstacle Link, Assistance

21. DON’T WRITE OR PLACE
ANY IMAGE IN THIS AREA
Idioms and Phrases

22. DON’T WRITE OR PLACE
ANY IMAGE IN THIS AREA
Idioms

23. DON’T WRITE OR PLACE
ANY IMAGE IN THIS AREA
Idioms

24. DON’T WRITE OR PLACE
ANY IMAGE IN THIS AREA
Idioms

25. DON’T WRITE OR PLACE
ANY IMAGE IN THIS AREA
Idioms

26. Idioms

27. DON’T WRITE OR PLACE
ANY IMAGE IN THIS AREA
Idioms

28. Idioms

29. Idioms

30. DON’T WRITE OR PLACE
ANY IMAGE IN THIS AREA
Idioms
• 1: An expression that cannot be understood from the meanings of its
separate words but that has a separate meaning of its own
Ex : The expression "give way," meaning "retreat," is an idiom.
• 2: a form of a language that is spoken in a particular area and that
uses some of its own words, grammar, and pronunciations : DIALECT

31. Nouns and Verbs in English combination with
Prepositions, Adverbs, and other parts of speech,
constantly make idioms. The more it is increasingly used
the better will be one’s command over the language.
DON’T WRITE OR PLACE
ANY IMAGE IN THIS AREA
Idioms

32. DON’T WRITE OR PLACE
ANY IMAGE IN THIS AREA
Idioms

33. DON’T WRITE OR PLACE
ANY IMAGE IN THIS AREA
Idioms

34. DON’T WRITE OR PLACE
ANY IMAGE IN THIS AREA
Idioms

35. DON’T WRITE OR PLACE
ANY IMAGE IN THIS AREA
Idioms

36. DON’T WRITE OR PLACE
ANY IMAGE IN THIS AREA
Idioms

37. DON’T WRITE OR PLACE
ANY IMAGE IN THIS AREA
Idioms

38. DON’T WRITE OR PLACE
ANY IMAGE IN THIS AREA
Idioms

39.  A bitter pill A situation or information that is unpleasant but
must be accepted.
 A hot
potato
A controversial issue or situation that is awkward or
unpleasant to deal with.
 Achilles'
heel
A metaphor for a fatal weakness in spite of overall
strength.
 At the drop
of a hat
Without any hesitation; instantly.
 Call it a day To retire
DON’T WRITE OR PLACE
ANY IMAGE IN THIS AREA
Idioms

40.  Cheap as chips Inexpensive or of good value
 Couch potato A lazy person
 Don’t count your
chicken before they
hatch
Don’t make plan for something that may not
happen
 Fit as a fiddle In good physical health
 Fly in the ointment That one tiny drawback
DON’T WRITE OR PLACE
ANY IMAGE IN THIS AREA
Idioms

41. DON’T WRITE OR PLACE
ANY IMAGE IN THIS AREA
Idioms and Phrases
A phrase is a group of words without a subject-verb component, used
as a single part of speech.
Examples:
• Best friend
• Needing help
• With the blue shirt
• For twenty days

42. Idioms and Phrases

43. Idioms and Phrases

44. Idioms and Phrases

45. Idioms and Phrases

46. Idioms and Phrases

47. Idioms and Phrases

48. Idioms and Phrases

49. Idioms and Phrases

50. Definition:
Phrase means a small group of words standing together as a
conceptual unit.
Examples
1. BLOW UP - explode - The terrorists tried to blow up the railroad
station.
2. CALL OFF -CANCEL - They called off this afternoon's meeting
3. FIND OUT - discover - My sister found out that her husband had
been planning a surprise party for her.
DON’T WRITE OR PLACE
ANY IMAGE IN THIS AREA
Usages of phrases:

51. 4. GIVE AWAY -give something to someone else for free - The filling station was
giving away free gas.
5. MAKE OUT - hear, understand - He was so far away, we really could not
make out what he was saying.
6. TAKE DOWN - make a written note - These are your instructions. Write them
down before you forget.
7. USE UP - exhaust, use completely - The gang members used up all the
money and went out to rob some more banks
Usages of phrases