Carbohydrates

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monosaccharide
https://byjus.com/chemistry/disaccharides/
https://www.britannica.com/science/disaccharide
https://www.britannica.com/science/carbohydrate
https://biologydictionary.net/polysaccharide/
https://www2.chem.wisc.edu/deptfiles/genchem/netorial/modules/biomolecules/mod
ules/carbs/carb6.htm
https://www.britannica.com/science/polysaccharide
https://www.britannica.com/science/oligosaccharide

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p
mc/articles/PMC5884753/
https://people.umass.edu/~mcclemen/581Carbohydrates.html#:~:te
xt=The%20carbohydrate%20content%20of%20a,%2D%20%25lipid
%20%2D%20%25mineral.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4613320/#:~:text=Bioactive%20carbohydrates%20include%20prebiotics%20and,co
ating%2C%20Phaeophyceae%20and%20dairy%20products.

Carbohydrates metabolism
https://byjus.com/biology/glycolysis/#:~:text=Glycolysis%20is%20the%20process%20in,both%20aerobic%20and%20anaerobic%20organisms.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluconeogenesis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycogenesis
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4802397/
https://www.wikipathways.org/index.php/Pathway:WP500
https://opentextbc.ca/biology/chapter/5-3-the-calvin-cycle/
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Book%3A_Basic_Principles_of_Organic_Chemistry_(Roberts_and_Caserio)/20%3A_Carbohydrates/20.10%3A_Formation_of_Carboh
ydrates_by_Photosynthesis#:~:text=The%20Calvin%20cycle%20is%20completed,glucose%2C%20starch%2C%20and%20cellulose.
Glycolysis
Gluconeogenesis
Glycogenolysis
Glycogenogenese
&
Calvin’s Cycle of carbohydrates synthesis in plants

Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Gluconeogenesis-and-Maintenance-of-Blood-
Glucose/aeb05f2165f1a1ab39f7e9d99ac3a32163bcf1e8

Gluconeogenesi
s
Amino acids are classified according to
the abilities of their products to enter
gluconeogenesis:
•Glucogenic amino acids have this
ability
•Ketogenic amino acids do not. These
products may still be used
for ketogenesis or lipid synthesis.
•Some amino acids are catabolized into
both glucogenic and ketogenic
products.
Gluconeogenesis is a process of Glc
generation from non-carbohydrate
substrates. Particularly, It’s catabolism
of proteinogenic amino acids with usage of
their carbone skeleton for glucose
obtaining. It includes all the reactions of
glycolysis in reverse direction except 3
stages which are irreversible. Thus,
gluconeogenesis includes 4 reactions which
are not from glycolysis:
pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate
carboxykinase, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase
glucose-6-phosphatase
catalised reactions.

Gluconeogenesi
s

Biosynthesis of Glycogen - Glycogenesis

Glycogenolysis
Glycogenolysis is the biochemical pathway in
which glycogen breaks down into glucose-1-
phosphate and glucose. The reaction takes
place in the hepatocytes and the myocytes. The
process is under the regulation of two key
enzymes: phosphorylase kinase and glycogen
phosphorylase.
https://www.britannica.com/science/glycogenolysis

Calvin’s Cycle of carbohydrates synthesis in plants
https://opentextbc.ca/biology/chapter/5-3-the-calvin-cycle/
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/cellular-energetics/photosynthesis/a/calvin-cycle