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JYFL Accelerator laboratory 
Ari Jokinen 
 
Accelerator Laboratory 
 
IGISOL 
 
Spectroscopy Group 
 
Underground laboratory – Pyhäsalmi mine 
 
Pelletron Laboratory 
 
RADiation Effects Facility 
Jyväskylän yliopiston kiihdytinlaboratorio - perustutkimusta ja uusia avauksia soveltavan säteilyfysiikan alalla
Accelerator laboratory 
0510m QB7BB2reunaviva 20° dipolinmukaan asetetunareunaviva K130 yokenmukaan asetetuna 
Pelletron 
ECR 
K=130 MeV 
*RADEF 
- 
Space 
- 
Microfilters 
RITU 
IGISOL4 
Medical 
Reactions 
MARA 
K=30 MeV 
Medical
Accelerator laboratory 
• 
Over 6000 beam-time hours a year 
• 
Part of the Department of Physics 
• 
Basic funding from Ministry of Education 
• 
EU- Access Laboratory (ENSAR) 2011-2014 
• 
Centre of Excellence (Academy of Finland) 2012-2017 
• 
Accredited European Space Agency (ESA) test facility 
• 
National Infrastructure Roadmap 2014-2020 
NuPECC Long Range plan 2010 
JYFL
K130 
Accelerated elements: p – Xe 
E = Q2/A 130 MeV 
Ion sources: 
6.4 GHz ECRIS 
14 GHz ECRIS 
Multicusp (H-, D-) 
2014-2016 upgrade: 
18 GHz ECR
H- 
d- 
beam current 
18 – 30 MeV 
9 – 15 MeV 
200/62 μA 
MCC30/15 
Users: 
• 
IGISOL 
• 
Radioisotope production New RF ion source 
- 
Intensity increase 
- 
Continuous operation
https://www.jyu.fi/fysiikka/en/research/accelerator/igisol 
K=30 MeV cyclotron 
from K=130 MeV cyclotron 
IGISOL-4 
Off-line ion sources: (discharge, carbon cluster…) 
Laser transport for optical manipulation/ ionization 
Mass spectrometry & post-trap spectroscopy 
Collinear laser 
spectroscopy 
Laser ionization in-source/in-jet 
Decay spectroscopy (beam line not shown)
(Interdisciplinary) research at IGISOL 
EXPERTISE: 
 
Production of rare beams, especially of refractory elements (Ion guide research, laser ionization) 
 
Decay spectroscopy of exotic isotopes 
 
Ion beam manipulation using optical and ion trap techniques 
 
Precision measurements applying Penning trap and laser spectroscopy 
 
R&D on research instrumentation 
 
Fission studies 
PROJECTS: 
Fission yield studies (nuclear energy): p-, d- and n-induced fission of various targets 
Decay heat measurements (reactor technology) 
Proliferation (neutrino spectra determination through TAS measurements) 
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization (calibration of world-wide monitoring network) 
Material studies with implanted radiotracers (including refractory elements) 
Development of non-invasive analysis methods (neutrons) 
FP7 EURATOM 
ANDES 
ERINDA 
CHANDA
Nuclear Spectroscopy Group 
• 
Expertise in: 
• 
Gamma, Electron, Alpha Spectroscopy 
• 
Detector technology: 
– 
Germanium (Composite, Planar, Co-Axial) Detectors 
– 
Silicon (DSSD, PIN-diodes, Application Specfic) Detectors 
• 
Data acquisition: 
– 
Digital and Analogue Pulse Processing 
– 
List-mode Data Acquisition (e.g. 500+ channels, triggerless, time- stamped, 10 kHz + / channel) 
– 
Complex multi-parameter analysis of data from above 
• 
Simulation (e.g. GEANT4, ion-optics,… ) 
P. Greenlees
Nuclear Spectroscopy Group 
• 
Previous / Current Projects 
• 
Themes: 
– 
Improvement of measurement techniques to lower MDA 
– 
Low-background counting 
– 
Exploitation of state-of-the-art detectors/electronics/data acquisition 
Use of gamma-gamma coincidence technique to improve reliability and sensitivity in analysis of aerosol filters for verification of compliance with CTBT 
P. Greenlees
Nuclear Spectroscopy Group 
Ongoing project: Use of state-of-the-art segmented germanium detectors and digital electronics/pulse shape processing to discriminate Compton background in full body / lung measurements (Pu, Am, etc) - P.Hallikainen (M.Sc thesis, JYFL 2014) Also collaboration with University of Liverpool initiated 
L.Harkness-Brennan et al., NIMA 760, 28 (2014) 
P. Greenlees
Finland has now a unique opportunity to establish A world-class gamma-ray laboratory at the depth of 1400 m in the Pyhäsalmi mine 29 October 2014 W.H.Trzaska 
The scientific work in the mine (CUPP) should continue into the foreseeable future 
Possible step-by-step approach to launch the low-background : 
• 
Purchase of the first detector (e.g. LDM-1) 
• 
Purchase of Ultra Low-Background Shield (e.g. CANBERRA 777) 
• 
Dedicated cabin with additional shielding 
• 
Dedicated cavern 
• 
Multi-module setup 
• 
Commercial activity?
Main research fields 
– 
Fundamental ion-matter interactions (cross sections, stopping forces, straggling) 
– 
Ion beam analysis (IBA) for thin film samples 
– 
Development of IBA techniques (detectors, data acquisition, simulations) 
– 
Thin film processing (ALD, proton beam writing, irradiation) 
– 
Materials research applications 
Key facilities 
– 
1.7 MV Pelletron accelerator (in Jyväskylä since 2006) 
• 
Three ion sources, four beam lines 
• 
H, He, Cl, Cu, Br, I, and other heavy ion beams, 0.2 – 20 MeV 
• 
RBS, ToF-ERD, PIXE, and proton beam writing facilities 
– 
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) tool for thin film research 
– 
K130 cyclotron used for fundamental research and ion track production 
Materials physics at Pelletron laboratory 
T. Sajavaara
Development of ion beam analysis techniques 
Beam 10.2 MeV 79Br, boroslicate sample 
ToF-ERD (Time-of-flight Elastic Recoil Detection) 
– 
Quantitative depth profiling for all elements (H-Au), sensitivity < 0.1 at.%, depth resolution < 2 nm 
– 
Optimized timing gate design for improved energy resolution 
– 
Development of gas-ionization detector to improved mass separation 
– 
Digital data acquisition to improve high count rate perfomance and detection of low energy signals 
PIXE (Particle Induced X-ray Emission) 
– 
High sensitivity (ppm) for elements heavier than Al, no depth information 
– 
Superconductive transition edge sensor (TES) with 3 eV resolution @ 5.9 keV to observe chemical shifts 
ToF-ERD 
raw data 
ToF-ERD depth profiles 
PIXE 
T. Sajavaara
External ion beam at JYFL Pelletron: Example of cultural heritage artefact studies 
• 
RECENART – Research Center for Art established in Jyväskylä in 2014 
– 
Combines traditional and scientific methods to study art and artefacts 
– 
One of the analysis tools: External 3 MeV proton beam from 1.7 MV Pelletron accelerator used for particle induced x-ray emission (PIXE) measurements 
– 
Pilot study: Chinese bowl from Tang Dynasty (618–907 AD) period, composition of colors, glazing and body 
PIXE spectrum from blue color 
shows high Cu content and the 
absence of Co: both typical 
findings for porcelain originating 
from Changsha kiln active during 
the Tang period 
T. Sajavaara
RADiation Effects Facility RADEF 
Official test laboratory of ESA since 2005 
ISS
AIonq+ 
q/A≈ 0.27 
E 
[MeV] 
Range 
[μm] 
LET 
@surface 
[MeV·cm2/mg] 
LET 
@bragg [MeV·cm2/mg] 
15N4+ 
139 
202 
2 
6 
20Ne6+ 
186 
146 
4 
9 
30Si8+ 
278 
130 
6 
14 
40Ar12+ 
372 
118 
10 
19 
56Fe15+ 
523 
97 
19 
21 
82Kr22+ 
768 
94 
32 
41 
131Xe35+ 
1217 
89 
60 
69 
Sensitive area 
1. LET > 60 MeV/(mg/cm2) 
2. Fast ion change with 7 ions 
Ion cocktail 9.3·A MeV 
3. Bragg peak behind 50μm in silicon  this cocktail allows backside irradiation and do it also in air 
Note: ECR type ion source and cyclotron type accelerator is the necessary combination
Existing projects: 
- 
Energy loss measurement of protons in liquid water Phys. Med. Biol. 56 (2011) 2367-2374 
- 
This has been continued to energy-losses of 12C in water; data analysis in progress 
Future plans: 
- 
Varian Clinac from KYS installed in RADEF; ESA fund received for its commissioning 
- 
Can be used to develop calibration methods of X- ray accelerators and related equipment 
- 
Novel TOF method applied for other liquids and materials 
New opportunities: 
- 
New 15 MeV/nucleon beams for applications (e.g. Au –beam) 
- 
Extend TOF experiments to include other tissue like materials 
- 
Apply Clinac for studies of radiation effects in materials and tissue 
RADiation Effects Facility RADEF 
A. Virtanen
Accelerator laboratory 
0510m QB7BB2reunaviva 20° dipolinmukaan asetetunareunaviva K130 yokenmukaan asetetuna 
Pelletron 
ECR 
K=130 MeV 
*RADEF 
- 
Space 
- 
Microfilters 
RITU 
IGISOL4 
Medical 
Reactions 
MARA 
K=30 MeV 
Medical
Head of the Accelerator Laboratory: Ari Jokinen 
Accelerators: Pauli Heikkinen 
Ion Sources: Hannu Koivisto 
IGISOL: Ari Jokinen 
Gamma/RITU: Paul Greenlees 
RADEF: Ari Virtanen 
Pelletron: Timo Sajavaara 
Underground laboratory (Pyhäsalmi): Wladek Trzaska 
Firstname.lastname@jyu.fi 
https://www.jyu.fi/fysiikka/en 
Contacts:

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Jyväskylän yliopiston kiihdytinlaboratorio - perustutkimusta ja uusia avauksia soveltavan säteilyfysiikan alalla

  • 1. JYFL Accelerator laboratory Ari Jokinen  Accelerator Laboratory  IGISOL  Spectroscopy Group  Underground laboratory – Pyhäsalmi mine  Pelletron Laboratory  RADiation Effects Facility Jyväskylän yliopiston kiihdytinlaboratorio - perustutkimusta ja uusia avauksia soveltavan säteilyfysiikan alalla
  • 2. Accelerator laboratory 0510m QB7BB2reunaviva 20° dipolinmukaan asetetunareunaviva K130 yokenmukaan asetetuna Pelletron ECR K=130 MeV *RADEF - Space - Microfilters RITU IGISOL4 Medical Reactions MARA K=30 MeV Medical
  • 3. Accelerator laboratory • Over 6000 beam-time hours a year • Part of the Department of Physics • Basic funding from Ministry of Education • EU- Access Laboratory (ENSAR) 2011-2014 • Centre of Excellence (Academy of Finland) 2012-2017 • Accredited European Space Agency (ESA) test facility • National Infrastructure Roadmap 2014-2020 NuPECC Long Range plan 2010 JYFL
  • 4. K130 Accelerated elements: p – Xe E = Q2/A 130 MeV Ion sources: 6.4 GHz ECRIS 14 GHz ECRIS Multicusp (H-, D-) 2014-2016 upgrade: 18 GHz ECR
  • 5. H- d- beam current 18 – 30 MeV 9 – 15 MeV 200/62 μA MCC30/15 Users: • IGISOL • Radioisotope production New RF ion source - Intensity increase - Continuous operation
  • 6. https://www.jyu.fi/fysiikka/en/research/accelerator/igisol K=30 MeV cyclotron from K=130 MeV cyclotron IGISOL-4 Off-line ion sources: (discharge, carbon cluster…) Laser transport for optical manipulation/ ionization Mass spectrometry & post-trap spectroscopy Collinear laser spectroscopy Laser ionization in-source/in-jet Decay spectroscopy (beam line not shown)
  • 7. (Interdisciplinary) research at IGISOL EXPERTISE:  Production of rare beams, especially of refractory elements (Ion guide research, laser ionization)  Decay spectroscopy of exotic isotopes  Ion beam manipulation using optical and ion trap techniques  Precision measurements applying Penning trap and laser spectroscopy  R&D on research instrumentation  Fission studies PROJECTS: Fission yield studies (nuclear energy): p-, d- and n-induced fission of various targets Decay heat measurements (reactor technology) Proliferation (neutrino spectra determination through TAS measurements) Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization (calibration of world-wide monitoring network) Material studies with implanted radiotracers (including refractory elements) Development of non-invasive analysis methods (neutrons) FP7 EURATOM ANDES ERINDA CHANDA
  • 8. Nuclear Spectroscopy Group • Expertise in: • Gamma, Electron, Alpha Spectroscopy • Detector technology: – Germanium (Composite, Planar, Co-Axial) Detectors – Silicon (DSSD, PIN-diodes, Application Specfic) Detectors • Data acquisition: – Digital and Analogue Pulse Processing – List-mode Data Acquisition (e.g. 500+ channels, triggerless, time- stamped, 10 kHz + / channel) – Complex multi-parameter analysis of data from above • Simulation (e.g. GEANT4, ion-optics,… ) P. Greenlees
  • 9. Nuclear Spectroscopy Group • Previous / Current Projects • Themes: – Improvement of measurement techniques to lower MDA – Low-background counting – Exploitation of state-of-the-art detectors/electronics/data acquisition Use of gamma-gamma coincidence technique to improve reliability and sensitivity in analysis of aerosol filters for verification of compliance with CTBT P. Greenlees
  • 10. Nuclear Spectroscopy Group Ongoing project: Use of state-of-the-art segmented germanium detectors and digital electronics/pulse shape processing to discriminate Compton background in full body / lung measurements (Pu, Am, etc) - P.Hallikainen (M.Sc thesis, JYFL 2014) Also collaboration with University of Liverpool initiated L.Harkness-Brennan et al., NIMA 760, 28 (2014) P. Greenlees
  • 11. Finland has now a unique opportunity to establish A world-class gamma-ray laboratory at the depth of 1400 m in the Pyhäsalmi mine 29 October 2014 W.H.Trzaska The scientific work in the mine (CUPP) should continue into the foreseeable future Possible step-by-step approach to launch the low-background : • Purchase of the first detector (e.g. LDM-1) • Purchase of Ultra Low-Background Shield (e.g. CANBERRA 777) • Dedicated cabin with additional shielding • Dedicated cavern • Multi-module setup • Commercial activity?
  • 12. Main research fields – Fundamental ion-matter interactions (cross sections, stopping forces, straggling) – Ion beam analysis (IBA) for thin film samples – Development of IBA techniques (detectors, data acquisition, simulations) – Thin film processing (ALD, proton beam writing, irradiation) – Materials research applications Key facilities – 1.7 MV Pelletron accelerator (in Jyväskylä since 2006) • Three ion sources, four beam lines • H, He, Cl, Cu, Br, I, and other heavy ion beams, 0.2 – 20 MeV • RBS, ToF-ERD, PIXE, and proton beam writing facilities – Atomic layer deposition (ALD) tool for thin film research – K130 cyclotron used for fundamental research and ion track production Materials physics at Pelletron laboratory T. Sajavaara
  • 13. Development of ion beam analysis techniques Beam 10.2 MeV 79Br, boroslicate sample ToF-ERD (Time-of-flight Elastic Recoil Detection) – Quantitative depth profiling for all elements (H-Au), sensitivity < 0.1 at.%, depth resolution < 2 nm – Optimized timing gate design for improved energy resolution – Development of gas-ionization detector to improved mass separation – Digital data acquisition to improve high count rate perfomance and detection of low energy signals PIXE (Particle Induced X-ray Emission) – High sensitivity (ppm) for elements heavier than Al, no depth information – Superconductive transition edge sensor (TES) with 3 eV resolution @ 5.9 keV to observe chemical shifts ToF-ERD raw data ToF-ERD depth profiles PIXE T. Sajavaara
  • 14. External ion beam at JYFL Pelletron: Example of cultural heritage artefact studies • RECENART – Research Center for Art established in Jyväskylä in 2014 – Combines traditional and scientific methods to study art and artefacts – One of the analysis tools: External 3 MeV proton beam from 1.7 MV Pelletron accelerator used for particle induced x-ray emission (PIXE) measurements – Pilot study: Chinese bowl from Tang Dynasty (618–907 AD) period, composition of colors, glazing and body PIXE spectrum from blue color shows high Cu content and the absence of Co: both typical findings for porcelain originating from Changsha kiln active during the Tang period T. Sajavaara
  • 15. RADiation Effects Facility RADEF Official test laboratory of ESA since 2005 ISS
  • 16. AIonq+ q/A≈ 0.27 E [MeV] Range [μm] LET @surface [MeV·cm2/mg] LET @bragg [MeV·cm2/mg] 15N4+ 139 202 2 6 20Ne6+ 186 146 4 9 30Si8+ 278 130 6 14 40Ar12+ 372 118 10 19 56Fe15+ 523 97 19 21 82Kr22+ 768 94 32 41 131Xe35+ 1217 89 60 69 Sensitive area 1. LET > 60 MeV/(mg/cm2) 2. Fast ion change with 7 ions Ion cocktail 9.3·A MeV 3. Bragg peak behind 50μm in silicon  this cocktail allows backside irradiation and do it also in air Note: ECR type ion source and cyclotron type accelerator is the necessary combination
  • 17. Existing projects: - Energy loss measurement of protons in liquid water Phys. Med. Biol. 56 (2011) 2367-2374 - This has been continued to energy-losses of 12C in water; data analysis in progress Future plans: - Varian Clinac from KYS installed in RADEF; ESA fund received for its commissioning - Can be used to develop calibration methods of X- ray accelerators and related equipment - Novel TOF method applied for other liquids and materials New opportunities: - New 15 MeV/nucleon beams for applications (e.g. Au –beam) - Extend TOF experiments to include other tissue like materials - Apply Clinac for studies of radiation effects in materials and tissue RADiation Effects Facility RADEF A. Virtanen
  • 18. Accelerator laboratory 0510m QB7BB2reunaviva 20° dipolinmukaan asetetunareunaviva K130 yokenmukaan asetetuna Pelletron ECR K=130 MeV *RADEF - Space - Microfilters RITU IGISOL4 Medical Reactions MARA K=30 MeV Medical
  • 19. Head of the Accelerator Laboratory: Ari Jokinen Accelerators: Pauli Heikkinen Ion Sources: Hannu Koivisto IGISOL: Ari Jokinen Gamma/RITU: Paul Greenlees RADEF: Ari Virtanen Pelletron: Timo Sajavaara Underground laboratory (Pyhäsalmi): Wladek Trzaska Firstname.lastname@jyu.fi https://www.jyu.fi/fysiikka/en Contacts: