1. Chapter 2 Innate Immunity

12. Complement Fixation

15. The Thioester Bond

17. Thioester bond

32. Serpins and  -macroglobulin inhibit potentially damaging proteases

37. Macrophages have several types of surface receptor that bind to constituents of microbial surfaces and promote phagocytosis

41. Some TLR’s need to be on the outside and some on the inside.

56. Leukocyte adhesion molecules

59. Step 1  cytokines/inflammatory mediators induce selectin expression on vascular endothelium to bind neutrophils Transient interaction between neutrophil (sialyl-Lewis X) and selectin on the endothelium

60. Step 2  Rolling adhesion  tight binding  migration to infection site Interactions between LFA-1 to ICAM-1 Strong interaction is induced by CXCL8 held on ECM proteoglycans  chemokine attraction  neutrophil squeezes between endothelial cells

63. Two types of Granules for Killing

64. Bacterial agents produced or released by phagocytic cells on the ingestion of microorganisms (macrophage & neutrophil) Are toxins or bind to essential nutrients 

66. Respiratory Burst  Kill pathogens

70. Inflammatory cytokines raise body temperature and activate hepatocytes to make the acute-phase response

74. Acute-phase response increases the supply of the recognition molecules of innate immunity

78. Initiation of the Classical Pathway

79. Close structural relationships between components of the alternative, lectin-mediated & classical pathways of complement activation Major divergence

85. Major functions of type I interferons

92. NK cells express diverse inhibitory and activating receptors