Presentation of a group of studies

1. Dietary calcium and
body fat mass
Done By: Sara Jassem Albakri
Supervised by: Dr. Hadeel Ali Ghazzawi
1
University Of Jordan

2. Topics to be covered
• Anti-Obesity Effects of Dietary Calcium .
• Effects of Calcium on Fat Metabolism.
• Effects of Calcium on Adipocyte proliferation and Apoptosis.
• Effects of Calcium on Fat Absorption and Fecal Fat Excretion.
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3. Abstract
• Studies looking for explanations for
increased adiposity have identified
dietary calcium intake as a factor
inversely related to the body fat mass
and body mass index (BMI). (Zhang, et
al., 2019)
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4. Introduction
• Calcium is the most abundant micronutrient in the human body. (Bravo-
Saqua, et al., 2017)
• Calcium plays a role in many biological functions, particularly in
skeletal mineralization, as well as in muscle contraction and cell
division in glycogen metabolism. (Bravo-Saqua, et al., 2017)
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5. Introduction
• It has been suggested that adequate calcium intake increases the
oxidative capacity of adipose tissue. (Jiang, et al., 2019)
• There are various factors that contradict the effect of calcium on fat
loss that may result from calcium intake amounts, calcium sources,
and calcium intake periods. (Ping, et al., 2019)
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6. How much calcium do you really need?
(American bone health, Calcium and
Vitamin D Requirements ,2020)
RDA (mg)Life-stage group
700Children 2-3 years
1000Children 4-8 years
13009–18 years old
130014–18 years old, pregnant or nursing
100019–50 years old
100019–50 years old, pregnant or nursing
1000Men: 51-70 years old
1200Women: 51-70 years old
120071+ years old
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7. Anti-Obesity Effects of Dietary Calcium
• The relationship between body weight and calcium intake was first reported by
McCarron, and while the purpose of their study was to investigate the relationship
between nutrients and blood pressure, it was found that increased calcium intake
with food had a negative relationship with body weight. (Kuytak&Çatak, 2020)
• Zemel et al. Examined triglyceride accumulation and lipolysis activity in adipose
tissue in both low and high calcium intake in mouse models, and as a result, it was
found that there is an inverse relationship between calcium intake and adipose
tissue accumulation. (Kuytak&Çatak, 2020)
• In a NHANES III study of more than 7,000 men and women, reduced calcium intake
was associated with fat mass. Another study on 283 participants between the ages
of 18 and 64 reported that low calcium intake was a risk factor for weight gain and
obesity. (Kuytak&Çatak, 2020)
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8. Anti-Obesity Effects of Dietary Calcium
• While diet can be a risk factor or preventive factor for weight gain, many
researchers have studied the nutritional components that affect these
diseases. The effect of calcium has been studied extensively in children and
adolescents. (Ferreira, et al., 2018)
• Some studies have shown that calcium intake can affect weight and fat
deposition in the body and thus play a role in regulating energy metabolism
and obesity risk. (Ferreira, et al., 2018)
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9. Relationship between calcium intake
and body weight.
(Jiang, et al., 2019)
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0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Low weight Normal Overweight Obesity
Very Low
Low
Adequate

10. Effects of Calcium on Fat Metabolism
• Suppression of fat synthesis and/or promotion of fat breakdown will
result in smaller adipocytes and thus less fat deposition. (Wang, et al., 2019)
• It has been shown that increasing dietary calcium intake alleviates
diet-induced adiposity by modifying calcium within fat cells, thus
inhibiting lipogenesis and stimulating intracellular calcium in the
adipocyte, leading to lipolysis, which is regulated by 1,25-
dihydroxyvitamin D (1.25-(OH)2-D). (Wang, et al., 2019)
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11. Ca++
dietary
calcium
intake
(Villarroel et al., 2014)
Vitamin DCaSR
lipolysis
De nova
lipogenesis
Ca++
Adipose
tissue
calcium
Model showing the role of increased intracellular calcium in fat synthesis within
adipose tissue, during low calcium intake.
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12. Effects of Calcium on Fat Metabolism
• Sun et al. reported that elevated calcium leads to decreased intracellular
lipid content and reduced expression of lipogenesis genes, such as FAS and
LPL, and increased expression of the HSL lipolytic gene. (Wang, et al., 2019)
• Furthermore, dietary calcium intake may influence fat metabolism by
increased fecal fat excretion and decreased hunger or increased satiety.
(Wang, et al., 2019)
• At the same time, animal studies have also shown that calcium affected
sense of appetite and it was observed that calcium was an effective
micronutrient in regulating appetite. (Kuytak & Çatak, 2020)
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13. Effects of Calcium on Adipocyte proliferation
and Apoptosis
• Calcium has been linked to apoptosis. It has been shown that a
continuous increase in intracellular calcium leads to apoptosis and that
calcium mediated apoptosis can be induced in mature adipocytes.
(Wang, et al., 2019)
• Consistent with this, it was reported that high vitamin D and calcium
intake activated the calcium mediated apoptotic pathway in the
adipose tissue of diet-induced obese mice, thus leading to reduced
adiposity. (Wang, et al., 2019)
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14. Effects of Calcium on Fat Absorption and
Fecal Fat Excretion???
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• Is the effect on the absorption of triglycerides from the intestine. (Zhang, et
al., 2019)
• Calcium fortification has been shown to increase the percentage of
saturated fats excreted in the stool by 6-13% per day. (Zhang, et al., 2019)
• So eating calcium in food may have an inverse relationship to the
development of metabolic syndrome. (Zhang, et al., 2019)

15. Conclusion:
• In conclusion calcium is a micronutrient that has recently gained
significance in regulating body weight or body fat distribution. While it is
not a silver bullet in the struggle against obesity, it plays a large role despite
being a small mineral. (Kuytak & Çatak, 2020)
• Despite these studies, other studies indicate that there is no clear
relationship between calcium intake and body weight. One two-year study
found that overweight and obese individuals did not have a significant
difference in body weight after daily 1500 mg calcium supplementation.
(Kuytak & Çatak, 2020)
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16. • There is some of side effects of dietary calcium overdose intake including
kidney stones, myocardial infarction, hypercalcemia, and hospitalization
with acute gastrointestinal symptoms. (Zhu, et al., 2019)
• However, some studies were unable to explain the effect of calcium in
obesity treatment. While the protective effects of calcium against obesity
and comorbidities seem promising, there is a need for studies of larger
scope. (Kuytak&Çatak, 2020)
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Conclusion:

17. References
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31234600/
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6627166/
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31252547/
• https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=84034
• https://americanbonehealth.org/nutrition/how-much-calcium-and-
vitamin-d-do-you-
need/?fbclid=IwAR10_WQSboIXzraM5l0Am4LKb14sjI8pVZBNq4L-
IvEM3WCcsDDBj6VBHzc
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18. •Thank you
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