The nursing process is cyclical; that is, its component follows a logical sequence, but more than one component may be involved at one time. At the end of the first cycle, care may be terminated if goals are achieved, or the cycle may continue with reassessment, or the plan of care may be modified.

2. The Nursing Process
• A process is a series of steps that follow a logical
sequence.
• The term nursing process has been widely
accepted to designate a series of steps that the
nurse take in planning and giving nursing care.
• It provides the logical framework on which is
based the nursing care.
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3. The Nursing Process:
The nursing process is a systematic method that directs
the nurse and patient as together they accomplish the
following:
1) Assess the patient to determine the need for
nursing care
2) Determine nursing diagnoses for actual and
potential health problems
3) Identify the expected outcomes and plan care
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4. Contd….
4) Implement the care
5) Evaluate the results
The steps in this patient-centered, outcome
oriented process are interrelated; each step depends
on the accuracy of the steps proceeding.
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6. • The nursing process is cyclical; that is, its component follows a logical
sequence, but more than one component may be involved at one
time. At the end of the first cycle, care may be terminated if goals are
achieved, or the cycle may continue with reassessment, or the plan of
care may be modified.
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7. Definition:
• Nursing process can be defined as an orderly,
systematic way of identifying the client’s problems,
making plans to solve them, initiating the plans or
assigning others to implement it and evaluating the
extent to which the plan was effective in resolving the
problems identified.
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8. • “The nursing process provides the basis for critical thinking in
nursing” (Alfaro-LeFavre, 1998, p. 64).
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9. • Lydia Hall first referred to nursing as a “process” in a 1955 journal
article, yet the term was not widely used until the late 1960s.
• Referring to the “nursing process” as a series of steps, Johnson
(1959), Orlando (1961), and Wiedenbach (1963) further developed
this description of nursing.
• At this time, the nursing process involved only three steps:
assessment, planning, and evaluation.
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10. • In their 1967 book The Nursing Process, Yura and Walsh identified
four steps in the nursing process:
• • Assessing
• • Planning
• • Implementing
• • Evaluating
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11. • The Standards of Practice, first published in 1973 by the American
Nurses Association (ANA), included standardsof nursing practice.
• These standards identified each of the steps, including nursing
diagnosis, that are now included in the nursing process.
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12. • Fry (1953) first used the term nursing diagnosis, but it
was not until 1974, after the first meeting of the
group now called the North American Nursing
Diagnosis Association (NANDA), that Gebbie and Lavin
added nursing diagnosis as a separate and distinct
step in the nursing process.
• Prior to this, nursing diagnosis had been included as a
natural conclusion to the first step, assessment.
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13. • Following publication of the ANA standards, the nurse
practice acts of many states were revised to include
the steps of the nursing process specifically.
• The ANA made revisions to the standards in 1991 to
include outcome identification as a specific part of
the planning phase. Currently, the steps in the nursing
process are:
• • Assessment
• • Diagnosis
• • Outcome identification and planning
• • Implementation
• • Evaluation
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15. Purposes of nursing process:
• Identify a client’s health care status, and actual or
potential health problems
• To establish plans to meet the identified needs
• To deliver specific nursing intervention to address
those needs.
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16. Benefit nursing process
• For patient
• Individualized care: it is focused on a individual person
considering every individual person considering every
individual as a different human being so it provides a
framework for meeting the needs on the individual patient.
• Holistic care: as the care is individualized, the nurse can
focus attention to the individual in all aspect of his health
which results a holistic plan of care.
• Participation in the care: It is a best method in which we
encourage patient and their family members to participate
in care.
• Continuity of care: It is a basis for providing continuous
nursing care
• Quality of care: Improve the quality of nursing care as it is a
systemic and scientific method of providing care.
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17. • For the nurse
• Job satisfaction and professional growth: It enhances
satisfaction level among nurses in working.
• Confidence builds up: With following nursing process while
providing care nurses can develop their confidence level
through continuous feedback.
• Legal protection: it acts as a good record and helps in legal
protection
• Save energy and time: it acts as a means of communication
and omits repetition in care thus save time and energy.
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18. Principles:
• The patient is an individual and needs
individualized care.
• The kind of nursing care required is based on the
individual health problem or needs. An unfulfilled
need become a problem.
• The patient and those close to him need to
participate and be consulted about care to be
given.
• The nursing staff needs to communicate more
with each other in giving care.
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19. Skills needed in using nursing process:
• Intellectual skills:
- Keen observation
- Critical thinking
- Making judgments
- Making decisions
- Applying knowledge from theory to practice
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20. Skills needed cont….
• Interpersonal skills:
- Communication
- Interviewing
- Listening
- Teaching
• Technical skills:
- Techniques and procedures
- Manual abilities
- Adaptation and improvisation
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21. Characteristics of nursing process
• Dynamic
• Client centered
• Planned
• Interpersonal and collaborative
• Universally applicable
• Can focus on problems and strength
• Focus on problem solving and decision making,
• use of critical thinking.
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22. Characteristics cont…
• Open and flexible
• Humanistic and individualized
• Cyclical
• Result oriented
• Emphasis feedback and validation
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23. Steps of Nursing Process
• Nursing Assessment
• Nursing Diagnosis
• Planning of Nursing Care
• Implementation of Nursing
• Evaluation
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