Computers

1. C H I P S & C H I P S
NEERAJ SABHARWAL
DIRECTOR
WYSETEK SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGISTS PVT.LTD.

2. Broadly speaking …
• PROCESSORS
• HARD DISK
• BACKUP
• UPS
• NETWORKING
• ADD-ONS
• FUTURE IS HERE TODAY

3. MICROPROCESSOR
• CONTROLS THE OPERATION OF THE
COMPUTER BY EXECUTING
INSTRUCTIONS
• MORE BITS IT CAN HANDLE AT A
TIME MORE POWERFUL IS THE
PROCESSOR
• PERFORMANCE OF THE PC DIRECTLY
RELATED TO THE SPEED OF THE
PROCESSOR

4. MICROPROCESSOR OPTIONS
1) INTEL
2) NON - INTEL

5. INTEL
• WORLD LEADER
• VIRTUAL MONOPOLY
• ENTIRE RANGE FROM ENTRY LEVEL,
POWER USER, WORKSTATION,
SERVER
• PENTIUM II, CELERON, ZEON ETC.

6. NON - INTEL
• BASICALLY INTEL COMPATIBLE
CHEAPER OPTIONS
• CYRIX, AMC ETC.
• OFTEN THEY OFFER BETTER VALUE
FOR MONEY

7. INTEL-PROCESSOR - P-II
• DYNAMIC EXECUTION, DIB, 512 K L2
CACHE
• SPEEDS 333, 350, 400, 450
• CHOOSE RIGHT CHIPSET
• FOR POWER USERS

8. INTEL CELERON PROCESSOR
• SCALE DOWN VERSION / CHEAPER
• FOR ENTRY LEVEL MACHINES
• TECHNICALLY L2 CACHE 128 KB
REST EVERYTHING SAME

9. CYRIX PROCESSOR
• MUCH LESSER PRICE FOR SAME
PERFORMANCE HENCE PRICE /
PERFORMANCE BETTER
• SOCKET 7 ( LIKE PENTIUM )
• PR 233 & M II 300
• MEDIA GX INCLUDES SOUND
PROCESSOR, DISPLAY CONTROLLER
& OPTION FOR TV OUT

10. AMD PROCESSOR
• SIMILAR TO CYRIX
• K6 AND K7

11. BRANDED V/S UNBRANDED
• What does this mean to you as a user?
• Does this mean that one is better than the
other?
• How?
• What is really cost effective solution for
your property and why?

12. SYSTEM DETAILS
• RAM
• CACHE MEMORY
• BIOS
• HDD
• DISPLAY CARDS
• MONITOR

13. RAM
• PROCESSOR USES THIS MEMORY AS A
SCRATCH PAD
• MORE THE MEMORY BETTER THE
PERFORMANCE
• MOUNTED IN FORM OF MODULES.
INITIALLY THEY WERE 30 & 72 PIN BUT
NOW THEY ARE 128 PIN
• TYPICALLY 16,32,64,128 MB PER MODULE
• TYPE OF CURRENTLY USED RAM IS SD
RAM ( PREVIOUSLY IT WAS EDO )

14. CACHE MEMORY
• INTERMEDIATE BETWEEN
PROCESSOR AND RAM
• MAKES MAJOR DIFFERENCE TO
SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
• TWO TYPES :
• - INTERNAL TO THE CPU L1
• - EXTERNAL TO THE CPU L2

15. BIOS-BASIC INPUT OUTPUT SYSTEM
• DOES POWER ON SELF TEST- POST
• RESPONSIBLE FOR INITIAL SETTINGS
OF ALL THE ELECTRONICS
• CONTAINS SMALL PROGRAMS
CALLED ROUTINES REQUIRED BY
PROCESSOR TO CONTROL DEVICES
• IT IS A ROM

16. HARD DISK DRIVES
• MOST COMMON STORAGE DEVICE
• IT CONSISTS OF MAGNETIC MEDIA AND
READ WRITE HEADS
• AVAILABLE IN DIFFERENT CAPACITIES
2.1 / 4.3 / 6 / 8 /9 GIGA BYTES ( GB )
• VERY SOPHISTICATED & DELICATE
DEVICE.
• MOST SENSITIVE TO DUST, SHOCKS &
POWER PROBLEMS.

17. HARD DISK-IDE
• INTEGRATED DRIVE ELECTRONICS
• HIGH PERFORMANCE
• UPTO 33 MB/SEC WITH TODAYS EIDE
UDMA
• UPTO 4 DRIVES IN A SYSTEM
• SUITED FOR DESKTOP / POWER
USERS ENTRY LEVEL SERVERS
• SEAGATE / QUANTUM / SAMSUNG
MAJOR PLAYERS

18. HARD DISK - SCSI
• HIGH PERFORMANCE MORE RELIABLE
• MORE DEVICES CAN BE CONNECTED
( UPTO 16 IN WIDE )
• MORE SUITED WHEN INTEGRATING WITH
OTHER DEVICES SUCH AS DAT DRIVES,
SCANNERS ETC.
• USED IN SERVERS, HIGHEND
WORKSTATIONS
• SEAGATE, IBM, QUANTUM

19. DISPLAY CARD
• TO DISPLAY THE INFORMATION ON
THE MONITOR ( SCREEN )
• CONTAINS ITS OWN MEMORY
• PCI VGA CARDS & AGP VGA CARDS
• HIGH END CARDS ( ACCELERATORS )
FOR MAXIMIZING DISPLAY
PERFORMANCE ARE ALSO
AVAILABLE

20. MONITORS
• 14”STANDARD SIZE ALSO
AVAILABLE 15”, 17”,19”, 21” ETC.
• SUPER VGA MONITORS CAPABLE OF
DISPLAYING 16 MILLION COLORS
• DIGITAL MONITORS - HAVE DIGITAL
CONTROLS
• NON INTERLACE MONITORS,
FLICKER FREE BETTER FOR EYES.
• SAMTRON, PHILIPS, VIEWSONIC
KNOWN BRANDS

21. BACKUP
• IMPORTANCE OF BACKUP
• HARDWARE CAN BE REPAIRED /
REPLACED
• SOFTWARE CAN BE RECONFIGURED /
REINSTALLED
• DATA ONCE LOST CANNOT BE
RECOVERED
• HENCE ALL THE TIME AND EFFORT IS
LOST
• DATA IS THE MOST EXPENSIVE RESOURCE
• MUST BE BACKEDUP

22. BACKUP
• STRATEGIES
• DAILY - INCREMENTAL
• - DIFFERENTIAL / FULL
• DEVICE
• TAPE DRIVES
• DAT DRIVES
• CD WRITERS
• ZIP DRIVES
• JAZZ DRIVES
• SOFTWARE
• UNATTENDED / ONLINE / FAST
• BACKUPS

23. UNINTERUPTED POWER SUPPLY ( UPS )
• WHY DO WE NEED ONE
• POWER PROBLEMS ARE LARGEST SINGLE
CAUSE OF DATA LOSS 15 TIMES MORE
FREQUENT THAN VIRUS.
• POWER PROBLEMS ARE LARGEST SINGLE
CAUSE OF COMPUTER DOWNTIME
• ACCORDING TO SURVEY DONE BY IBM
EVERY COMPUTER FACES 120 POWER
DISTURBANCES PER MONTH

24. UPS - INDIAN SCENARIO
• MUMBAI POWER ONCE CONSIDERED
VERY CLEAN IS NO LONGER SO.
• OUTSIDE MUMBAI ITS EVER WORSE
DESPERATE UNDER VOLTAGE /
OVER VOLTAGE

25. UPS
• For Server at least
• Power conditioning
• - Gujarat
• - Maharashtra
• - Goa

26. UPS-SELECTING THE RIGHT UPS
• SIZING THE UPS ACCORDING TO VA
REQUIRED
• CHOOSING RIGHT MODEL EG.
• APC BACKPRO FOR NODES
• APC SMART FOR SERVER
• APC SMART UXI FOR EXTENDED
RUNTIME

27. NETWORKING
• NETWORKING OS
• ACTIVE COMPONENTS
• CABLING

28. NETWORKING OS
• RUNS ON THE MAIN MACHINE (SERVER) &
CONTROLS THE ENTIRE NETWORK
• DOES ALL OPERATION REQUIRED TO
SHARE THE RESOURCES LIKES FILES,
DATA, PRINTERS & OTHER HARDWARE &
SOFTWARE COMPONENTS.
• TWO OPTION WINDOWS NT & NOVELL
• NETWARE, UNTIL FEW YEARS BACK
NETWARE WAS THE STANDARD

29. NETWORKING OS - NT
• SIMPLICITY ADMINISTRATION & USE
• MULTIPROCESSOR & CROSS PLATFORM
SUPPORT
• BETTER INTEGRATION WITH INTERNET
• INBUILT FACILITIES SUCH AS RAS
• TIGHTER INTEGRATION WITH
MICROSOFTS OWN PRODUCTS
• DATABASE - SQL SERVER
• MESSAGING - EXCHANGE SERVER
• INTERNET - INTERNET INFO SRV

30. NETWORKING OS - NETWARE
• STILL THE FASTEST FILE & PRINT
SERVER
• VERY STABLE & RELIABLE
• VERY RECENTLY TRYING TO MATCH
NT FEATURE BY FEATURE -
NETWARE 5

31. CABLING
• STRUCTURED CABLING
• OFFERS GREAT FLEXIBILITY
• OFFERS PERFORMANCE & STABILITY
• FUTURE PROOF

32. CABLING - UTP
• CHEAPER &MOST POPULAR OPTION
• GOOD ENOUGH FOR GENERAL
CONDITIONS
• CAT5 FOR 100 MBPS & CAT6 FOR 1
GBPS NETWORKING
• LUCENT ( AT&T ) IS THE MOST
POPULAR BRAND

33. CABLING STP
• SHIELDED TWISTED PAIR
• EXPENSIVE
• MORE SUITED FOR AREAS PRONE TO
INTERFERENCE POWER
• SIEMENS, IBM
• REMEMBER PROPER EARTHING IS
VERY CRITICAL

34. ACTIVE COMPONENTS
• 10 MBPS HUBS
• TODAY SLOWLY MIGRATING TO 100
MBPS
• SWITCHING IS BECOMING POPULAR
SPECIALLY FOR HEAVY NETWORKS

35. OTHER HARDWARE OPTIONS
• FAX MODEMS
• SCANNERS
• SWIPE CARDS
• ATTENDANCE SYSTEM

36. FAX MODEMS
• INTERNET & EMAIL
• NETWORK BASED FAXING
• REMOTE LOGIN / CONTROL -
PCANYWHERE
• REMOTE MANAGEMENT

37. SCANNERS
• IMAGE SCANNING FOR ADING
VALUE
• OCR - TOWARDS PAPER LESS OFFICE

38. SWIPE CARDS
• DEBIT / CREDIT CARDS
• ACCESS CONTROL
• ATTENDENCE SYSTEM
• AUTOMATIC PAYROLL

39. Future is here today...
• TOUCH TECHNOLOGY
• LCD DISPLAY
• DIGITAL CAMERAS

40. NOTEBOOK PC AS A TOOL
• HOW USEFUL TO CEO?
• UTILITY WITH CONVENIENCE AND
CONTROL AT YOUR FINGER TIPS
• PC ANYWHERE - REMOTE CONTROL
FOR OWNERS

41. LEGAL SOFTWARE
• ANTI-VIRUS PROTECTION
• LICENSES FOR LEGAL SOFTWARE
• e.g. MICROSOFT WINDOWS, OFFICE,
NOVELL, WINDOWS - NT & ANY
OTHER LICENSE REQUIRED

42. PROFITABLE INVESTMENTS
• TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
• INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
• BETTER PMS PACKAGES
• MORE MIS REPORTS & ANALYSIS
• INTERNET & THE WEB
• ALL THIS WITH BETTER PEOPLE