Patterson ch17

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Chapter 17

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The Roots of U.S. Foreign
and Defense Policy
The cold war era and its lessons
Containment
Bipolar power structure
Vietnam
Mikhail Gorbachev and the fall of the Soviet Union

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The Roots of U.S. Foreign
and Defense Policy
The post-cold war era and its lessons
The air wars of the 1990s
Multilateralism approach
Iraqi invasion of Kuwait and the Gulf War 1990
Serbian aggression and war in the Balkans
 Bosnia 1995
 “Ethnic cleansing” in Kosovo 1999

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The Roots of U.S. Foreign
and Defense Policy
The post-cold war era and its lessons
The war on terrorism
 9-11 World Trade Center and Pentagon attacks
 Afghanistan invasion and ouster of Taliban

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The Roots of U.S. Foreign
and Defense Policy
The post-cold war era and its lessons
The Iraq War
 George W. Bush announces new preemptive war doctrine
 Rationale for war: suspected weapons of mass destruction
Strong international objection to military action
 Postwar Iraq very unstable
 Heavy involvement in Iraq limited U.S. ability to respond
on other fronts
 Waning public support and the “surge” of 2007

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The Roots of U.S. Foreign
and Defense Policy
The post-cold war era and its lessons
The Afghanistan escalation and Pakistan
 Taliban slowly reasserting control
 Pakistan used as a safe haven for Taliban
 Afghan surge
 Analysts and the Pakistani security concern
 Drawdown of U.S. troops

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The Roots of U.S. Foreign
and Defense Policy
The Arab Spring and the Iranian nuclear threat
Unrest and protest in Tunisia spreads to Egypt and to nearly
every Arab country
U.S. caught off guard by the scale of the uprisings
U.S. and NATO military intervention in Libya
U.S. and the Syrian civil war
Rise of ISIS in Syria and Iraq
UN-backed economic sanctions on Iran because of its
nuclear program

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The Military Dimension of
National Security Policy
Military power, uses, and capabilities
Nuclear war
 Deterrence policy
 Mutually assured destruction (MAD)
 Threat of a rogue nation or terrorist group getting and
using a nuclear weapon

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The Military Dimension of
National Security Policy
Military power, uses, and capabilities
Conventional war
 U.S. capability: two simultaneous medium-sized wars
 Highly advanced weapons systems
 All-volunteer military
 2012 restructuring of the military

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The Military Dimension of
National Security Policy
Military power, uses, and capabilities
Unconventional (guerilla) war
 Unconventional attacks and tactics
 “Winning their hearts and minds”
 U.S. military struggles to adapt
 Recent reforms aimed at making the military better able
to combat unconventional warfare

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The Military Dimension of
National Security Policy
Military power, uses, and capabilities
Transnational terrorism
 U.S. not prepared before 9/11: too few linguists, not
enough focus on the threat of terrorism
 War on terrorism aimed at groups versus nations
 Lack of defined battlefronts

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The Military Dimension of
National Security Policy
The politics of national defense
Public opinion
 Generally supportive
 Wanes if military conflict extends for long period
The military-industrial complex

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The Economic Dimension of
National Security Policy
Three world economic centers
United States, Europe, Pacific Rim
Promoting global trade
Marshall Plan
Multinational corporations
Economic globalization
Free trade and protectionism
Trade imbalance and China

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The Economic Dimension of
National Security Policy
Maintaining access to oil and other natural resources
Middle East and the Gulf War
Assisting developing nations
IMF and World Bank
Misconceptions and low popular support in U.S.
Stabilizing the global economy

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