Grid Modernization Program Area
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Grid Modernization Program Area
- 1. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-mission laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000 Sandia National Laboratories Grid Modernization Program Area Charles Hanley December, 2016 1
- 2. Sandia’s Grid Modernization Vision A world of interdependent and variable distributed systems that are optimized at multiple scales – including transmission – to maximize local resources in providing secure, resilient, and clean energy to all users at all times. Our capabilities support this vision: - DER and renewable energy integration - Power electronics and controls - Secure and scalable microgrids - Advanced grid analytics/complex systems - Infrastructure interdependencies - Cyber and physical security - Embedded sensors, information processing, and secure manufacturing - Energy storage systemsPicture courtesy of: Smart Grid 2030
- 5. Improving Grid Resilience in Planning and Operations • Sandia developed a framework for rigorous quantification of energy system resilience • This framework enables decision making to obtain demonstrable resilience improvements • PJM Partnership: Applied to GMD as a threat we consider – Multiple scenarios for worst case GMD intensity and uncertainty in the orientation of the GMD – Formulate an optimization problem where minimizing consequences of one or multiple types is the objective – This results in a non-linear program (operations) or a mixed- integer non-linear program (planning) 5 ProbabilityofConsequences [$]GivenThreatX Consequences [$] Reduced Expected Financial Consequence Reduced Risk Baseline System Resilience Resilience of System after Improvements Improvements must cost significantly less than E-E’ E’(C) E(C)
- 6. DER Optimal Control 6 3 kW PV Inverter 20 kW Battery Plug In Electric Vehicle Single Customer 200 W Micro- inverter Market Engine Communication System (Advanced Grid Function Dispatch and Monitoring) Forecasting (Solar, Wind, Load) Real-Time Optimization Virtual Power Plant Payment for services Markets Transmission Energy Market via ISO/RTO/ TSO Balancing Authority Geographical Information Distribution Energy Market 200 W Micro- inverter 200 W Micro- inverter 200 W Micro- inverter 200 W Micro- inverter 200 W Micro- inverter 200 W Micro- inverter 200 W Micro- inverter = 200 Micro- inverters IEC 61850-90-7 over SEP 2.0, OpenADR, via TCP/IP, Wi-Fi, Zigbee 115 kV 12.47 kV 120/240 V Transmission System 20 kW Battery Gateway Gateway Security Engine bids commitments commitments expected power/load for multiple time horizons DER status, information on additional DER connections 3 MW Wind Turbine 1 MW Diesel Genset Medium Voltage Distribution System Low Voltage Distribution System advanced DER commands Removal of DER from VPP due to cyber compromise, natural disasters, communication failures, etc. IEC 61850-90-7 IEC 61850-90-7 Communication Losses/Failures Web-based Meteorological Information Backend High Performance Computing Single CustomerSingle Customer Wireless Database of recent threats/ vulnerabilities • This is where we are going… Key question: How do we ensure reliability, security and optimality? • Sandia working on solutions… Virtual Power Plant • Dispatch Resources • Of Any Kind • For Any Purpose
- 7. Analysis of High Pen. DER (PV) on Distribution Circuits • Assess impacts and mitigation of DER on distribution systems, mainly PV and storage • Develop advanced analysis techniques, simulation tools, solar variability data • DG screening and interconnection procedures 7 Interconnection screening & Interconnection procedures
- 8. Advanced Inverter R&D addressing system reliability issues and increasing RE penetration RELIABILITY: Ø V and F support (autonomous and closed-loop) Ø Tolerance to grid disturbances (V/FTR) Ø Advanced protection (e.g., fast trip to address TrOV) Ø SCADA integration and interoperability Ø CSI 4 project to determine default and optimal AI settings RENEWABLE INTEGRATION: 8 Volt/Var Function Partners: CPUC
- 9. Sandia Developing Secure, Resilient Microgrids • Sandia’s microgrid research spans advanced concepts through applications: – Controls and optimization theory – Resilience theory – Cyber security – Mission Assurance • Smart Power Infrastructure Demonstration for Energy Reliability and Security (SPIDERS) • Hoboken and NJ Transit • Remote sites: Alaska, Caribbean, Forward Operating Bases • Additional DOD and international microgrid work. 9 Design lead on 3 SPIDERS microgrids for DOD In the wake of Hurricane Sandy, led the design of resilient microgrids for NJ Transit and City of Hoboken
- 10. Advanced Microgrid Conceptual and Operational Designs Military Conceptual Designs/Assessments <1 MW Microgrid Operations Large Scale Microgrid Operations Community Microgrid Designs • Creech AFB – FY12 DoD • Soto Cano – FY12 DoD • West Point FY12, DoD/DOE OE • Osan AFB, FY 12, DoD • Philadelphia Navy Yard – FY11, DOE OE/PIDC • Camp Smith – FY10, DOE FEMP • Indian Head NWC – FY09, DOE OE/DoD • Ft. Sill – FY08, Sandia LDRD • Ft. Bliss – FY10, DOE FEMP • Ft. Carson – FY10, DOE FEMP • Ft. Devens (99th ANG) – FY09, DOE OE/DoD • Ft. Belvoir – FY09 DOE OE/FEMP • Cannon AFB – FY11, DOE OE/DoD • Vandenberg AFB – FY11, DOE FEMP • Kirtland AFB – FY10, DOE OE/DoD • Maxwell AFB – FY09, DoD/DOE • Bagram – FY13, DOD • Kuwait – FY15, DoD • 29 Palms – FY14, DoD/ESTCP • Maxwell AFB – FY11 - 14, DoD • Ft. Sill – FY10, DoD • Ft. Bliss – FY12-13, DoD/ESTCP • SPIDERS JCTD – FY11- 15, DOE/DoD/CERL • Camp Smith • Ft. Carson • Hickam AFB • Ft. Belvoir FY15 DoD • Northampton, MA • NJ Transit • Hoboken, NJ • Lihue, Kauai • New Orleans, LA • Alaskan Villages Community Military
- 12. Sandia Advanced Microgrid Engineering/Deployment Training § Advanced Microgrid Conceptual Design Course § 250 page course book follows ESDM process § Background info, vugraphs, information on advanced microgrid concepts and design process § 50 page work book § Example problem worksheets and full microgrid design and analysis process example § Designed in 2013 for stakeholders, engineers § 2-day or 3-day class, taught 4 times to date § Advanced Microgrid Modeling and Analysis Course § Currently under development for DOE § Designed for technical audience § Provide modeling tools and instruction on use for advanced microgrid design and optimization § Likely a week long or web–based training class
- 13. Cybersecurity and Power Systems: SCEPTRE Tool Set • Advanced hybrid modeling and simulation of ICS for simulated, emulated, hardware- in-the-loop integration of devices, networking/communications, and physical systems like microgrids – Emulation: router software, Modbus/DNP3/IEC 61850 traffic, HMIs – Simulation: power, gas pipelines, water systems – Hardware-in-the-loop: electrical relays, RTUs, PLCs, Lab-Volt system Integrated approach • Integrated Cyber-Physical Impact Analysis (ICIPIA) framework