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7 a.metz - halm ok

  • 1. Need for standardization of IV-measurements of bifacial cells and modules Dr. Axel Metz Managing Director h.a.l.m. elektronik GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany bifi PV workshop, 2014 Chambery, France, May 26th & 27th 2014
  • 2. Company profile  30 years of measurement experience in industrial environment  Headquarter in Frankfurt, Germany + local office in Suzhou, China  Expertise in various industrial areas  Active in PV industry since more than 15 years  More than 900 systems sold worldwide, equivalent > 30 GWp/a  References: Yingli, Trina, Solarworld, FhG ISE, PTB, TÜV, VDE, ... www.halm.de © h.a.l.m. elektronik gmbh
  • 3. Product portfolio IV measurement and sun simulating systems for:  Solar cells (production and research) - High speed inline testers up to 5100 cells/hour - EL and IR imaging - Highly flexible lab systems  PV-Modules (production and research) - High throughput sun simulators up to 240 modules/hour - Optional EL integration - Lab system with high precision temperature control unit  PV-Systems - High precision portable outdoor measurement system www.halm.de © h.a.l.m. elektronik gmbh
  • 4. Why do we need standards?  To make things comparable world wide  To ensure quality and reduce risks  To save money at all levels of the value chain  As manufacturer  As equipment or material supplier  As testing institute  As system integrator  As end customer © h.a.l.m. elektronik gmbh
  • 5. Outline  Applications for bifacial solar cells and modules  Important design parameters of bifacial systems  Requirements for reproducible IV-measurement of bifacial PV devices  Considerations for different levels of the value chain  Conclusions © h.a.l.m. elektronik gmbh
  • 6. Applications for bifacial cells and modules Bifacial solar cells  Assembly in modules with opaque back cover  Monofacial module  back side performance almost independent from mounting conditions  Assembly in modules with transparent back cover  Bifacial module  back side performance strongly dependent on mounting conditions © h.a.l.m. elektronik gmbh
  • 7. Applications for bifacial cells and modules Bifacial PV modules  Sound barrier  Mounted vertically (preferrably east/west orientation)  Roof mounted  on a flat roof  on a tilted roof  Solar park  ground mounted at fixed angle  mounted on tracking system  Building integrated  facade integrated  as shadowing element  roof integrated © h.a.l.m. elektronik gmbh
  • 8. Important parameters for bifacial systems Relevant for system performance  Module position  tilt angle  module direction  module orientation (portrait or landscape)  Albedo  System geometry  distance from reflector  geometry of opaque, transparent and open area © h.a.l.m. elektronik gmbh
  • 9. Requirements for reproducible measurements Front side  STC: 1000 W/m2, AM1.5G, 25°C Back side  Intensity  Spectrum  Non uniformity  Temporal stability Timing  Simultaneous front and back illumination or  Sequential front and back illumination © h.a.l.m. elektronik gmbh
  • 10. Considerations for different levels of the value chain Cell  classification for optimum matching in module (inline 100%)  cell power at bifacial STC (inline, 100%) Module  module power at bifacial STC (inline, 100%)  energy rating (offline, per module type) System  energy yield modelling for specific applications, mounting and climate conditions © h.a.l.m. elektronik gmbh
  • 11. Conclusions  Short term need for standards for IV-measurement of bifacial devices  To reduce complexity, two standards are required:  bifacial STC for 100% inline inspection  offline energy rating of bifacial modules  New standards for bifacial devices should be:  based on existing standards  simple and pragmatic © h.a.l.m. elektronik gmbh
  • 12. Proposal for standardized IV measurement of bifacial devices Front side  STC: 1000 W/m2, AM1.5G, 25°C Back side  Intensity: 200 W/m2  Spectrum: AM1.5G  Non uniformity: 2% Timing  Simultaneous front and back illumination Optional  additional illumination conditions  front 1sun / back 0 sun and/or  front 1 sun / back 1 sun and/or  front 0 sun / back 1 sun © h.a.l.m. elektronik gmbh