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Need for standardization of bifacial measurements
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7 a.metz - halm ok
1.
Need for standardization
of IV-measurements of bifacial cells and modules Dr. Axel Metz Managing Director h.a.l.m. elektronik GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany bifi PV workshop, 2014 Chambery, France, May 26th & 27th 2014
2.
Company profile 30
years of measurement experience in industrial environment Headquarter in Frankfurt, Germany + local office in Suzhou, China Expertise in various industrial areas Active in PV industry since more than 15 years More than 900 systems sold worldwide, equivalent > 30 GWp/a References: Yingli, Trina, Solarworld, FhG ISE, PTB, TÜV, VDE, ... www.halm.de © h.a.l.m. elektronik gmbh
3.
Product portfolio IV measurement
and sun simulating systems for: Solar cells (production and research) - High speed inline testers up to 5100 cells/hour - EL and IR imaging - Highly flexible lab systems PV-Modules (production and research) - High throughput sun simulators up to 240 modules/hour - Optional EL integration - Lab system with high precision temperature control unit PV-Systems - High precision portable outdoor measurement system www.halm.de © h.a.l.m. elektronik gmbh
4.
Why do we
need standards? To make things comparable world wide To ensure quality and reduce risks To save money at all levels of the value chain As manufacturer As equipment or material supplier As testing institute As system integrator As end customer © h.a.l.m. elektronik gmbh
5.
Outline Applications for
bifacial solar cells and modules Important design parameters of bifacial systems Requirements for reproducible IV-measurement of bifacial PV devices Considerations for different levels of the value chain Conclusions © h.a.l.m. elektronik gmbh
6.
Applications for bifacial
cells and modules Bifacial solar cells Assembly in modules with opaque back cover Monofacial module back side performance almost independent from mounting conditions Assembly in modules with transparent back cover Bifacial module back side performance strongly dependent on mounting conditions © h.a.l.m. elektronik gmbh
7.
Applications for bifacial
cells and modules Bifacial PV modules Sound barrier Mounted vertically (preferrably east/west orientation) Roof mounted on a flat roof on a tilted roof Solar park ground mounted at fixed angle mounted on tracking system Building integrated facade integrated as shadowing element roof integrated © h.a.l.m. elektronik gmbh
8.
Important parameters for
bifacial systems Relevant for system performance Module position tilt angle module direction module orientation (portrait or landscape) Albedo System geometry distance from reflector geometry of opaque, transparent and open area © h.a.l.m. elektronik gmbh
9.
Requirements for reproducible
measurements Front side STC: 1000 W/m2, AM1.5G, 25°C Back side Intensity Spectrum Non uniformity Temporal stability Timing Simultaneous front and back illumination or Sequential front and back illumination © h.a.l.m. elektronik gmbh
10.
Considerations for different
levels of the value chain Cell classification for optimum matching in module (inline 100%) cell power at bifacial STC (inline, 100%) Module module power at bifacial STC (inline, 100%) energy rating (offline, per module type) System energy yield modelling for specific applications, mounting and climate conditions © h.a.l.m. elektronik gmbh
11.
Conclusions Short term
need for standards for IV-measurement of bifacial devices To reduce complexity, two standards are required: bifacial STC for 100% inline inspection offline energy rating of bifacial modules New standards for bifacial devices should be: based on existing standards simple and pragmatic © h.a.l.m. elektronik gmbh
12.
Proposal for standardized
IV measurement of bifacial devices Front side STC: 1000 W/m2, AM1.5G, 25°C Back side Intensity: 200 W/m2 Spectrum: AM1.5G Non uniformity: 2% Timing Simultaneous front and back illumination Optional additional illumination conditions front 1sun / back 0 sun and/or front 1 sun / back 1 sun and/or front 0 sun / back 1 sun © h.a.l.m. elektronik gmbh
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