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2014 PV Performance Modeling Workshop: Optimizing PV Designs with HelioScope: Paul Gibbs, Folsom Labs
1. Optimizing PV Designs with HelioScope
Sandia Performance Modeling Workshop
Paul Gibbs
May 5, 2014
paul.gibbs@folsomlabs.com
2. Agenda
โข What is HelioScope and why is it good for
optimization?
โข Case Studies in PV System Optimization
โ Ground Coverage Ratio
โ DC Plant Design
โ Designing into Shade
โข Looking forward: automating optimization
3. HelioScope is a design-driven PV modeling tool
Principles
โข Design-driven
โข Component-level
โข Cloud-based
Values
โข Throughput Velocity
โข Value Engineering
7. Production reports include a full bill-of-materials
Performance Modeling:
โข Full Loss Tree
โข Condition Set Details
โข Hourly Data CSV
Design Specifications:
โข Bill-of-materials
โข System Layout
โข Wiring Details
8. Why is HelioScope ideal for optimization?
โข Rule Based: Trivial to evaluate design alternatives
โข Design Driven: Bill-of-materials generated automatically
โข Granular Modeling: Performance model always in sync with design
180ยบ Azimuth (Due South) 205ยบ Azimuth
9. We designed our interface specifically to
encourage value-engineering
Designs
Conditions
10. GCR optimization is an ideal area for
optimization
Key Issues:
โข Nameplate capacity
โข Upfront costs
โข Cross-bank shading
โข Energy/revenue stream
Economic Drivers:
โข Space constraints
โข Interconnect Agreement
โข Site weather
โข Project latitude
11. We optimized a reference designs conductors
against a variety of parameters
Modules per string
Combiner box size
Source circuit
conductor
Combiner box layout
Wiring
direction
Home run
conductor
12. Optimizing the DC subsystem can reduce costs
by 27%
Total electrical costs were calculated
โข Wire quantity and cost
โข Combiner box quantity and cost
โข Electricity value lost from wire resistance
Performance
Driver
Minimum Maximum
Modules per
string
10 15
Source circuit
conductors
#12 AWG #8 AWG
Wiring direction Along racking
Up & down
racking
Combiner box
size
12 strings 24 string
Home run
conductors
0/1 AWG 4/0 AWG
Combiner box
layout
Scattered
throughout
array
Grouped at
inverter
1.7
2.4
0.4
1.0
0.5
0.8
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Modules
per string
Source
circuit
conductor
Wire
direction
Combiner
size
Home run
conductor
Combiner
layout
Impact on System Costs (ยข/Wp)
13. Designing into shade often increases system
size with minimal performance impacts
800
900
1,000
1,100
1,200
1,300
1,400
1,500
800 850 900 950 1,000
EnergyYieldofEachSegmentofModules(kWh/kWp)
System Size (kW)
With MLPE
Standard Mismatch
Baseline:
Zero shade
tolerance
Shade
allowed in
December
Shade
allowed in
Nov-Dec
Shade
allowed in
Oct-Nov-Dec
Shade allowed
year-round
Shade allowed
year-round
15. DOE Sunshot Award to extend HelioScope with
Design Optimization features
โข Started 1Q2014
โข Augments HelioScope with optimization features
โ Automated optimization
โ Financial modelCustomer feedback: staged
optimizations are ideal
โ At start of project, goal is maximize energy or revenue
โ As project progresses, several deep dives (e.g. wiring)
16. Optimizations will have objective functions that
are optimized under key constraints
โข Module Tilt
โข Row Spacing
โข Positive & Negative
Space
โข Interconnect Shading
Requirements (10 โ 2)
โข Maximum Grid Power
โข Target ILR Range
โข Project IRR
โข Total Revenue/Energy
โข LCOE
Independent
Variables
Constraints
Objective
Functions
Ground Coverage Ratio Optimization
Tilt
Annual
KWh
Tilt Sensitivity
15ยบ (optimal)
Annual
KWh
Spacing Sensitivity
2,3m (optimal)
Row-to-Spacing
17. Under the DOE Sunshot program we will
implement staged optimizations
Module Layout DC Subsystem AC Subsystem
โข Tilt/GCR
โข Azimuth vs TOU
โข Fixed vs Trackers
โข Shade Setbacks
โข String Length
โข Inverter Load Ratio
โข Conductor Selection
โข Conductor Routing
โข Component
Selection
โข Conductor Selection
โข Transformers