This document provides information about the 4th PV Performance Modelling and Monitoring Workshop held in Cologne, Germany on October 22-23, 2015. The workshop brought together over 220 PV experts from over 20 countries. It also introduces TÜV Rheinland, the workshop organizer, as a global company with over 200 solar experts and 12 laboratories worldwide specializing in solar energy testing, inspection, certification, and consulting. The document emphasizes the importance of accurate performance modelling and monitoring for PV projects and outlines challenges in obtaining reliable data and standardizing methods.

1. Welcome
to the 4th PV Performance Modelling
and Monitoring Workshop
Cologne (GERMANY) 22-23 Oct 2015

2. Thank you!
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 Speakers and poster presenters from 12 countries and 4 continents
 Workshop participants from more than 20 countries
 WE ARE 220 PV experts, today!
And…

3. 19,320
EMPLOYEES
SALES IN BIL. EUROS
Growth 8%
1.73
LABORATORIES
200
HEADQUARTERS COLOGNE
Founded in Germany
1872
500 66
LOCATIONS/COUNTRIES
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SOLAR ENERGY TESTING
200Solar Experts worldwide
Testing Inspecting Certifying Qualifying Consulting

4. 1985
Development of the
solar laboratory in
Cologne
1994
First start-up of
the new solar
simulator in
Cologne
1979
Joint project
between the
Indonesian and
German
government to
build and test
different solar
systems
1996
First type-approval
certification of a
crystalline PV
module
2004
First PV
conference
in Cologne
2010
Opening of the
sixth PV
laboratory in
India2008
Joint venture
between Arizona
State University
and TÜV
Rheinland
2007
Grand
opening of
the PV
laboratory
in Japan
2007
Opening of
the PV
laboratory
in China
2009
First start-up
of the worlds
most modern
solar
simulator2009
Opening of
the PV
laboratory in
Taiwan
1991
Partner in
the 1000
PV-roofs
program
2014
200 PV
experts
worldwide,
60 in
Cologne
History of TÜV Rheinlands Business Field Solar Energy
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5. PV Services, Introduction
 More than 30 years experience in the
field of solar energy
 Global network of more than 200 solar
experts
 More than 12 GW inspected PV plants
world Wide (Europe, North America,
South America, Central America, Asia
and Africa)
 Research and development in the
area of power plant optimization and
module qualification (characterization
and life time assessment)
 Active participation in the important
standardization committees
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 TÜV Rheinland operates 7 accredited
solar laboratories (Cologne/Germany,
Bangalore/ India, Daya/Taiwan,
Yokohama/Japan, Shanghai/P.R./China,
Gyeongsan/South Korea and
Tempe Arizona/ USA)

6. energy yield prediction too optimistic,
cleaning concept missing or insufficient,
lack of fixed contract requirements, lack
of experience
Project assumptions
and feasibility are
imprecise
How to solve
these problems?
Quality: Market Situation
Solar Energy UK 20156 14.10.2015
Product quality is often insufficient
due to the market situation (high
competition, low financial recourses,
personnel fluctuation, supplier change,
lack of quality assurance
knowledge)
Low quality of planning and installation
use of sub- and sub-subcontractors, high
competition, lack of knowledge and
experience, tight commissioning
deadlines, weak quality
assurance during
construction
unstable market situation, choose
of Tier-1 manufacturers is not only a
criteria for bankability,
warranties are often not reliable
Bankability of involved
parties often not given

7. On-Site
Risks
 Wind
 Lightning
 Snow, hail and
ice
 Pollution
 Dust
 Rock fall
 Land slide
 Earthquake
 Flood
 Shading
 Animals
Technical
Risks
 Performance and
yield
 Malfunction
 Degradation
 Aging
 Maintenance cost
 Repair
 Replacement
 Statics
 Appearance
 Accessibility
Political
Risks
 Change in legal
situation (laws)
 Application
procedures
 Social aspects
 Permissions
 Financial market
risks
Safety
Risks
 Electric shock
 Electric arc
 Fire
 Statics
 Mechanical
integrity
 Ergonomics
 Theft
 Vandalism
Logistical
Risks
 Production delays
 Shipping
 Supply
 Raw materials
 Transport
damages
Financial Risk
Loss of Revenue Risks
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8. Why Modelling and Monitoring?
Challenges and Needs
 Yield predictions are critical: Determination of risks, finance and value
 Decision makers for or against a project rely on precise yield predictions and
according performance of a PV plant
The challenge includes the following issues:
 Data: availability and quality (matching of yield estimation and monitored
real life data)
 Tracking: Accuracies and continuous quality control of measurement
system
 Special Impacts: weather impacts (e.g. soiling, snow etc.), spectrum,
paired with temperature and humidity conditions
 Module and system technologies: bifacial, PERC, thin-film (meta-
stabilization processes)
 Module data for Yield assessment  third party requisite?
 Degradation factors (browning, snail trails, micro cracks, hot-spots,
polymeric cracking)  Are we aware everything?
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9. Why Modelling and Monitoring?
Challenges and Needs
We need:
 Precise, reliable and high-quality data inputs on every level ranging from
weather to BoS data
 Intensified standardization on methods for implementing loss factors
 AND: investors, lenders, operators and EPCs asking (!) for such quality
modelling and monitoring
The decision for the realization, financing and operation of current and
future plants is at risk,
if the yield estimate and plant observation is a laissez-faire policy.
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10. Thank you very much for your attention!
Florian Reil
Business Field Manager - Solar Energy
Large Scale Projects/RnD
Phone: + 49 221 806 ext. 5222
E-mail: vaassen@de.tuv.com
Web: www.tuv.com/solarenergy
Selected reference cases: www.tuv-e3.com/solar
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