1. Strategic Analysis of the Global City Truck Market
City Truck Sales to Account for 59% of Global Light Commercial Vehicle (LCV)
Market by 2020
ND32-18
September 2014
BRIEF SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS
FULL STUDY AVAILABLE AT
www.frost.com

2. 2ND32-18
Contents
Section
Slide
Number
Executive Summary 4
Research Scope, Objectives, Background and Methodology 20
Definitions and Segmentation 27
City Trucks —A Need for Urban Logistics 31
Market Forecasts—Global & Regional Analysis 38
Market Share Analysis of Key 5 Regions 42
Current and Future City Truck Attributes—A Comparative Analysis 52
Current and Future City Truck Attributes—Technology 64
Global City Trucks Platforms—Comparative Analysis by Region 76
Vision of City Trucks in 2020 88
Comparative Analysis of Global City Truck OEMs by Platforms and Models 96
Key Conclusions & Recommendations 102
Appendix 106

3. 3ND32-18 3ND32-18
Executive Summary

4. 4ND32-18
Global
•City trucks are a new class of ultra-light trucks that broadly includes panel vans, box
vans, and drop-side trucks that have a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of less than
or equal to 3.5 tons (T).
•By 2020, city trucks are expected to constitute about 59% (i.e., 3.7 million units) of the
total LCV sales, at a sales compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.4%.
Regional
•Among the TRIAD markets, Western Europe is expected to remain the biggest market for
city trucks, growing at a CAGR of 5.5% to reach a 0.5 million annual sales mark by 2020.
•By 2020, annual sales in China are expected to surpass 2 million, accounting for every
second city truck sold globally, making it the largest city truck market.
OEM
•Currently, TRIAD OEMs account for about 27% of total city trucks sold globally. Ford,
Fiat, PSA, and Nissan look poised to marginally improve market share by 2020.
•Chinese and Indian OEMs are expected to account for about 61% of the global city truck
market by 2020. South Korean OEMs are expected to perform strongly in exports.
Fuel Type
•With almost 49% market share, diesel is expected to become the most preferred fuel for
city trucks by 2020, resulting in the end of dominance for gasoline/petrol.
•Natural gas (NG), ethanol, and biofuel are expected to experience high adoption rates
and are forecasted to account for 18% of city truck sales by 2020.
Electric
City
(eCity)
Trucks
•By 2020, all major TRIAD OEMs and a few Asian OEMs are expected to launch at least
one eCity truck. This is expected to help eCity truck sales reach 160,000 by 2020.
•China, Japan and South Korea, and Western Europe are likely to be the largest markets
for eCity trucks with over 80% of global sales from these countries.
Key Findings
City Truck Market: Key Takeaways, Global, 2013–2020
TRIAD = Western Europe, the US, and Japan; OEM = original equipment manufacture Source: Frost & Sullivan

5. 5ND32-18
Future Technologies Shaping the City Truck Market
Powertrain
TRIAD Emerging Markets
All OEMs are expected to offer at least one
eCity truck and at least one CNG engine or
ethanol option for each city truck model.
Downsizing of engines is expected to
continue as a secular trend in this market.
A majority of OEMs in emerging markets will
offer CNG powered city trucks.
Key countries in BRICS and ASEAN are
expected to promote eCity trucks in major
cities as a pilot measure.
Safety
While driver and passenger airbags, ABS,
and ESC have become standard features,
new features such as EBD, LDW, TPMS,
hill-climb assist, and collision mitigation are
expected to become mainstream by 2020.
Emerging markets are expected to gradually
adopt active safety systems influenced by
regulations. Driver and passenger air-bags,
ABS, and ESC are expected to become
basic features in the city trucks of emerging
regions.
Drivability
The TRIAD region is expected to lead the
way in driver-friendly features. Automatic
transmission (AT)/semi-AT, power steering,
tilt-steering column, multi-function steering
wheel, cruise control, and parking assist will
be key features.
To make city trucks more affordable, driver-
friendly features will be adopted at a slow
rate. Semi-AT, power steering, and tilt-
steering columns are some of the features
that can become standard.
Telematics
More than 75% of new city trucks are
expected to have fleet tracking, idle
reporting, preventive maintenance, safety
report, and turn-by-turn navigation
telematics provided as built-in features.
Emerging regions are expected to
experience the first phase of telematics
adoption during the study period.
Navigation, traffic-based route selection,
and fleet tracking will be widely adopted
features in emerging regions.
CNG: compressed natural gas; EBD: electronic brakeforce distribution; LDW: lane departure warning; TPMS: tyre pressure monitoring system; ABS: antilock braking system;
ESC: electronic stability control; BRICS: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa; ASEAN: The Association of Southeast Asian Nations. Source: Frost & Sullivan

6. 6ND32-18
Urbanization and Impact on the City Truck Market
Mega cities are key markets for city trucks, with over 70% of city truck sales expected from urban and
suburban areas after 2020.
Implications for the Global City
Truck Market
Powertrain Implications
Smart Mobility
Urban Population of Top 10 Countries, Global, 2025
BRICS is expected to account for 38% of the total global urban population by 2025; the
urban populations in India and China are expected to be greater than 1 billion by 2025.
Demanding urban environment in both
developed and developing markets expected
to warrant small, nimble, and easily
maneuverable city trucks with advanced
safety features
Demand for fully electric and also CNG
powered city trucks, and also trucks with
down sized engines expected to increase
driven by regulations and total cost of
ownership (TCO) reduction considerations
Proliferation of telematics and allied solutions
expected to become a major trend as fleets
embrace FMS, MRM, and other connectivity
technologies to serve customers at optimized
cost
Product Design
Note: All values are in millions. Developed regions include Europe, North America, Australia/New Zealand, and Japan, and developing regions include all regions of Africa,
Asia (excluding Japan), Latin America, the Caribbean, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Countries with an urban population greater than 40 million in 2025 have been
considered.
Source: “World Urbanization Prospects,” The 2011 Revision, Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations, 2011; Frost & Sullivan

7. 7ND32-18
The spokes:
Drop off delivery points for
double trailer trucks
Heavy commercial
vehicles (double trailer
trucks) expected to carry
goods to big warehouses in city
outskirts
The hub:
Central distribution centers
City trucks to
deliver goods to
warehouses within
city
Outer ring road
25 miles from city center
Illustration of Global Urban Distribution in 2020
Evolution of the Hub and Spoke Model and Impact on the City Truck
Market
HCV = heavy commercial vehicle Source: Frost & Sullivan
Why hub and spoke?
• Need to keep the retailers stocked
around the clock to avoid missed
opportunities
• Increasing eRetailing to demand
time specific on-door delivery
• Entry restrictions for HCVs and low
emission zones in cities
City trucks: serving the spokes
• Compact size allowing city trucks to
easily maneuver city traffic
• Excellent platform for electrification
suitable for low/zero emission zones
City trucks: business sense
• Most trucks able to operate at 80-
100% capacity (load factor)
• ~50% reduction in trucks going in
and out of cities
• Ensures ‘on-time delivery’ for
retailers and end customers

8. 8ND32-18
Narrow and Congested City
Roads
• Average speed: 20-60 km/h
• Tight turning radius
• Frequent/improper gear shifting
• Frequent braking & clutch use
Stringent Emission Norms
• Efficient/downsized engine
• Subsidies for electric/hybrid vehicles
• Light weight frame
• Automatic engine shut-down/start-up
Strict Safety Regulations
• Shorter braking distance
• Accident prevention system
• Driver information and warning
systems
• Regulation compliance system
Entry Restriction
• Permits for HCVs into cities—hourly basis
• HCV use in night hours
Improve Logistical Efficiency
• Connecting the last mile in hub &
spoke model
• Vehicle tracking & connectivity
• Driver/vehicle performance
monitoring system
City Trucks in 2020: Impact of Urban Logistics
The emergence of urban logistics and new practices such as same-day delivery in urban areas regulated by
strengthening emission and safety regulations influence the design tenets of city trucks.
City Truck Market: Impact of Urban Logistics, Global, 2020
Meeting Customer
Requirements
• Increase in on-line shopping
• Delivery at doorstep
• Varied delivery conditions
o e.g., temperature
Source: Frost & Sullivan

9. 9ND32-18
Powertrain Strategy of Global OEMs 2013
Thirty-nine major OEMs are currently offering city trucks, and more than 75 different product platforms are
available globally. OEMs with European presence provide the widest powertrain options.
North America
Japan &
Korea
China
India
Diesel Gasoline/Petrol NG/Bi-fuel/Flex-fuel
Region
Powertrain
Note: Non exhaustive list of automotive OEMs
Pure EV/ Hybrid
Daihatsu
Mazda
Ashok
Leyland
Mazda
Europe
GAZ
CitroenPeugeot
Mercedes
GAZ
CitroenPeugeot
Mercedes
GAZ
CitroenPeugeot
Mercedes
Foton Donfeng Hafei
CAKY WulingFAW
Citroen
City Truck Market: Powertrain Strategy, Global, 2013
Foton Donfeng
CAKY Wuling
EV= electric vehicle Source: Frost & Sullivan

10. 10ND32-18
Executive Summary—Growth and Development of City Truck Market
Rising urban logistics will enable sub- 3.5 T GVWR city truck sales to grow faster at a CAGR of 6.5% between
2014 and 2020. North America, LATAM, India, and Eastern Europe will emerge as major growth markets.
LATAM = Latin America; APAC = Asia-Pacific; ROW = Rest of World Note: All figures are rounded. The base year is 2013.
Source: Frost & Sullivan
City Truck Market: Growth and Development of City Truck Market, Global, 2013 and 2020
2013
GVWR <
3.51T
56.5%
~ 2.4 M
GVWR
3.51T to 6 T
43.5%
~ 1.8 M
~ 4.2 Million
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
Western
Europe
North
America
China India LATAM
Eastern
Europe
APAC ROW
GVWR 3.5T to 6T 227.3 176.9 979.9 29.4 52.5 219.3 133.6 13.5
GVWR < 3.5T 351.3 47.5 1,274 194.0 84.2 149.1 257.5 22.4
Units(‘000)
2013
CAGR (2013–2020) = 5.9%
2020
GVWR
3.51T to 6 T
41.1%
~ 2.6 M
GVWR <
3.51T
58.9%
~ 3.7 M
~ 6.3 Million
60.7%
39.3%
21.2%
78. 8%
56.5%
43.5%
86.8%
13.2%
61.6%
38.4%
40.5%
59.5%
65.8%
34.2%
62.4%
37.6%
~ 578.6
~ 2,254.3
~ 224.4
~ 223.4
~ 136.7
~ 368.4 ~ 391.1
~ 35.9
City Truck Market
43.5%

11. 11ND32-18
Executive Summary—Regional Market Differentiation
While developed economies adopt green powertrain, advanced safety systems, and modern driver comfort
features, emerging economies are embracing low cost, utility-based, low maintenance trucks.
City Truck Market: Regional Market Differentiation, Global, 2014
Market Price
Fuel
Type
Engine
Capacity
Driver-
train
Transmission Steering Safety
Cargo
Area
Turning
radius
India Low 2 0.4 - 1.5L RWD
4-6 speed
manual
Rack &
Pinion
Driver seat
belt
Drop side,
box van
3.5-5.1m
China Low 3 0.8 - 2.7L RWD
4-6 speed
manual
Rack &
Pinion
Driver seat
belt,
Drop side,
box van
3.5-5.5m
North
America
High 5 1.6 - 3L FWD
CVT/ 4-6 speed
AT
Power
ABS, ESC,
EBD, EBA,
LDW, BSD
Panel van,
box van,
drop side
5.5-7m
Europe High 5 1 - 3L FWD
5-6 speed
manual / 5-7
speed AT /
5-7 speed semi-
at
Power
ABS, EBD,
EBA, ESC,
Hill assist,
BSD, LDW
Panel van,
box van,
drop side
4.5-5.5m
APAC Medium 4 0.6 - 2.9L
FWD /
4WD
4-6 speed
manual / 3-6
speed AT
Power
Driver seat
belt, ABS,
Panel van,
drop side
3.6-5.5m
LATAM
Medium
-high
3 0.8 - 3L FWD
5-6 speed
manual
Power
Driver seat
belt, ABS,
ESC
Panel van,
box van,
drop side
3.5-5.5m
RWD = rear wheel drive; FWD = front wheel drive; 4WD = four wheel drive Note: All figures are rounded. The base year is 2013. Source: Frost & Sullivan

12. 12ND32-18
Executive Summary—OEMs City Truck Strategies
Going global is the expected focal point for OEMs across the world. While TRIAD OEMs are expected to look to
expand in the emerging regions, OEMs from emerging regions will look to tap into other emerging markets.
Source: Frost & Sullivan
City Truck Market: OEMs Differentiation of Their Future City Trucks, Global, 2013
ROW markets are expected to see
strong competition between Korean and
Japanese OEMs. With the introduction of
next generation of value for money
Chinese and Indian city trucks, the
market dynamic is set to undergo
noticeable change. Oceanic countries are
expected to remain dominated by
European OEMs.
Chinese OEMs are expected to
introduce the next generation of
city trucks loaded with larger fuel
efficient engines, rudimentary
cabins, and safety features at
attractive price points. Cracking
low cost export markets is
expected as the ticket to go
global.LATAM, lacking domestically grown OEMs, is expected
to require a 2-pronged strategy. While Brazil and Mexico
are expected to be advanced markets, economically
backward countries are expected to become vital
markets to tap for Chinese and Korean OEMs.
Indian OEMs are expected
to continue to adopt a low
margin, high volume strategy,
and to expand presence in
Africa and the ASEAN
corridor. Cabin comfort,
active and passive safety,
and powertrain efficiency are
expected focal points.
TRIAD OEMs are expected to excel in introducing
sophisticated technologies to improve TCO,
driver-friendly features, and cargo safety in both
developed and emerging markets. Achieving quick
return on investment (ROI) by adopting limited
product platforms globally is expected to be a key
focal point.
North
America Europe
Japan

13. 13ND32-18
Executive Summary—Key Design Tenets of City Trucks
City trucks are expected to demand car-like drivability, assisted by fuel efficient engines and advanced safety
features with performance, effectiveness, and efficiencies enhanced by telematics technologies.
City Truck Market: Key Design Tenets of City Truck Vehicle, Global, 2013
Source: Frost & Sullivan
Increased freight
efficiency
Downsized engine
with advanced
transmission
Short
turning
radius
Alternate/
green
powertrain
Intelligent
active safety
systems
Advanced
passive
safety design
City
Truck
• Purpose built
• Affordable
Telematics
services
Non-exclusive
parts for interiors
Intelligent
suspension
Small
Cargo
Limited
City
Speed
Compact
Body
Easy
Loading/
Unloading
Fuel
Efficiency
Easy
Driving
Cargo
Safety
Fleet
Efficiency
Driver
Safety
Key Design Tenets Common Attributes
Easy
Maintenance

14. 14ND32-18
Technology Focus of OEMs
TRIAD OEMs are showing most interest in electrification, safety, and electronics, driven by largely by TCO and
regulatory considerations; Emerging market OEMs value powertrain efficiency improvement technologies.
Electrification
Hybridization
CNG / flex fuel
Powertrain downsizing
Safety systems
Chassis & suspension
Interior & driver comfort
Cargo platform / box / cube
Electronics & software
1 2 3 4 5
TRIAD Markets Emerging Markets
Strong Trend Towards 2020 Moderate Trend Towards 2020Trend 2013 Trend 2020
City Truck Market: Comparison of Technology Focus between OEMs of TRIAD and Emerging
Markets, Global, 2013-2020
Source: Frost & Sullivan
1 2 3 4 5
Low High Low High

15. 15ND32-18
Executive Summary—2020 Virtual City Truck: Global
Global city trucks are poised to embrace downsized engines, advanced suspension, intelligent safety systems,
efficient transmission, connectivity, and driver-friendly features with a higher average payload of 1.8T.
Loading Length
1,300–3,150 mm
Floor Width
1,400–2,000 mm
Height/Side Panel
250–1,900 mm
Cargo Volume
2.3– 7.5 cu.M
Wheel Base
1,900–4,000 mm
Petrol Diesel NG
Engine
Volume
0.5 – 3L 0.4 – 3L 0.7 – 3L
No. of
Cylinders
1 - 6 1 – 6 2 – 6
Power (bhp) 15 – 140 10 – 200 25 – 160
Torque (Nm) 25 – 250 20 – 500 40 – 350
Turning Radius
3.6-5.5m
Manual AT Semi-AT
Speed 4 – 6 3 – 7 5 – 7
FWD RWD 4WD
Drivetrain
Safety Systems
ABS,ESC, EBD, LDW,
TPMS, hill-start assist,
collision mitigation,
curtain air-bags
Touch-screen
• Navigation
• Media player
• Reverse camera
Telematics Services
• Fleet tracking
• Idle reporting
• Preventive maintenance
• Safety report
• 4G connectivity
Steering Control
• Power steering
• Multi-function steering wheel
• Tilt-enabled telescopic steering
Suspension Braking Body Type
Chassis cab + box
conversions
Drop side / tipper
Panel van with bulk head
(full steel / window / grille)
Voice Enabled Services
• Turn-by-turn navigation
• Traffic-based route-suggestion
• Phone-call, SMS reading
Auto start & stop function
automatic / manual climate control
Cabin Comfort & Safety
Front
McPherson strut /
Wishbone/ Anti-roll bar
Ventilated Disc
/ ABS / EBD
Rear
Torsion beam / Multi-link
Leaf spring / Hydraulic / Air
Disc / ABS /
EBD
GVWR
1,000–3,500 kg
Pay Load
350–1,850 kg
City Truck Market: Virtual City Truck, Global, 2020
Source: Frost & Sullivan

16. 16ND32-18
Executive Summary—City Truck Impact on OEMs and Suppliers
Growth of the city truck market is expected to benefit all stake holders in the value chain. While OEMs can take
their products globally, suppliers will find opportunities in aftermarket services (e.g., telematics, retrofitment).
Source: Frost & Sullivan
City Truck Market: City Truck Impact on OEMs and Suppliers, Global, 2013
• City trucks are offering attractive margins for OEMs, with many global OEMs enjoying
profit margins that are even higher than luxury cars.
• However, OEMs from APAC, especially the Chinese, Indian, and Korean OEMs, are
expected to continue with the small margin, high volume strategy.
• Urbanization is expected to propel high growth, making city trucks a major revenue
contributor.
• Unlike passenger cars, city trucks sell on value for utility. Hence, city trucks do not
demand brand exclusivity, making sharing platforms with cars and OEMs easier.
• Common platforms also help reduce product development lead-time and reap the
benefits of volume of scale, contributing towards healthy profit contribution.
• Telematics and allied services are expected to offer sizeable opportunities for
suppliers.
• Truck cargo box modification and retrofitment are expected to create a sizeable
aftermarket ecosystem.
• Volume spurt for parts common between cars and city trucks is expected to benefit
suppliers, enabling higher utilization of man, machine, and materials.
Impact
on
OEMs
Impact
on
Suppliers

17. 17ND32-18
Key Conclusions and Future Outlook
So What ?
Global City Truck Market: Key Conclusions and Future Outlook, Global, 2013–2020
Source: Frost & Sullivan
Global city truck market will grow at a 6.4% CAGR.
Emerging economies are expected to account for
about 73% by 2020.
So What?
Powertrains that reduce operation costs are expected to be most
sought. Offering at least one NG powertrain option for each product
platform and one eCity truck product will prepare OEMs to stay
competitive and sustainable in the long run.
OEMs are expected to consider aftermarket friendliness at the
design stage as customers are expected to look for customizable
cargo areas. Retrofitments such as refrigeration, box conversions,
and racks are expected to emerge as sizable aftermarket
opportunities.
OEMs are expected to increase their global footprint. While TRIAD
OEMs will exploit emerging regions in Eastern Europe and LATAM,
OEMs of emerging regions can look at ASEAN, Africa, Middle East,
and other LATAM countries.
Box vans and panel vans are likely to account for
55.6% of global city truck sales by 2020.
eCity trucks and NG-powered city trucks are
forecasted to account for 22.5% by 2020.
Evolution of city trucks implies that OEMs need to accommodate
future city trucks while designing SUV and passenger carrier
platforms, leading to shortened product development lead time and
significant savings in investment.
About 100 different city truck products are expected to
be offered by 2020.
Telematics-based services are expected to pit truck OEMs against
third-party suppliers. While OEMs have an edge in vehicle
performance, safety, and preventive maintenance solutions,
suppliers are expected to be highly competitive in navigation
assistance, fleet management, and other operational services.
While most city trucks in TRIAD are expected to
feature telematics devices, those in emerging
regions are expected to have plug-and-play
architecture.

18. 18ND32-18 18ND32-18
Research Scope, Objectives, Background, and Methodology

19. 19ND32-18
Research Scope
City Truck Up to 3.5T GVWRVehicle Type
2014–2020Forecast Period
2013–2020Study Period
2013Base Year
Global
• TRIAD Regions
o North America consists of United States and Canada
o Europe consists of Western Europe and Central Europe
o Japan
• Emerging Regions
o China
o India
o Eastern Europe
o Latin America (LATAM) (including Mexico)
o Asia-Pacific (APAC) (excluding China and India)
o Rest of World (ROW) consists of Africa and the Middle East
Geographical Scope
Source: Frost & Sullivan

20. 20ND32-18
Aim
• This research aims to understand the global city truck market, explore current market dynamics, and
forecast future market growth.
• It examines the evolution of city trucks, identifies key parameters that define current and future city truck
vehicles, and analyzes the evolution and penetration of technologies entering the city truck models.
• The research aims to provide various top-level and deep dive comparative analyses by slicing and
dicing the market, participants, models, and regional strategies.
Objectives
• To provide strategic overview of key Mega Trends and market engineering metrics
• To provide market drivers, restraints, and opportunities
• To provide insight on key urbanization trends influencing the city tuck design and development
• To provide insight on emission and fuel efficiency regulations shaping the city trucks in key regions
• To provide a comparative analysis of product offerings and strategies of key global OEMs
• To develop an actionable set of recommendations for market entry and growth
Research Aims and Objectives
Source: Frost & Sullivan

21. 21ND32-18
Key Questions This Study Will Answer
What are the key market and technology trends influencing the city truck market? What are the
target markets for city truck OEMs?
What are the competitive landscape and dynamics influencing growth and development of this
market? What are the OEMs’ current market shares and how are they expected to grow?
What are the technology strategies of OEMs in the city truck market? What impact will technology
trends such as connectivity have on market participants and models?
What are the key characteristics of city trucks? How will city trucks be defined in the future?
City Truck Market: Key Questions This Study Will Answer, Global, 2013
What are the business environment and dynamics of the global city truck market? Who are the
participants in this space and how is this market evolving?
Source: Frost & Sullivan

22. 22ND32-18
Research Background
This research service is a short summary capturing content from recently published and ongoing research in
the areas of global commercial vehicle powertrain, chassis, safety, telematics, and regulation compliance
technologies and markets including the following:
• NA53: Strategic Analysis of Global Platforms of Major Heavy-duty Truck Manufacturers—Completed
• M91C: Strategic Assessment of Truck Cabin Styling Strategies of Major HCV OEMs in Western
Europe—Completed
• N8CF: Strategic Analysis of Classes 6–8 Natural Gas Truck Market in North America—Completed
• N998: Strategic Analysis of Brazilian Commercial Truck Market—Completed
• NA66: Strategic Analysis of Chinese Commercial Truck Market—Completed
• NAAF: Strategic Analysis of Powertrain Downsizing Strategies of Major Heavy-duty Truck
Manufacturers in North America and Western Europe—Completed
• P6DD: Strategic Analysis of Indonesian Commercial Vehicle Market—Completed
• M905: Strategic Analysis of Turkish Commercial Vehicle Market—Completed
• NB77: Strategic Outlook of Hybridization Trends in Select Off-Highway Commercial Vehicle Markets
—Completed
• N838: Strategic Analysis of North American CV Telematics Market—Completed
This study is also supplemented by our ongoing interactions with vehicle manufacturers and
suppliers of alternative powertrain technologies, among other truck technologies.
Source: Frost & Sullivan

23. 23ND32-18
Research Methodology: Frost & Sullivan’s research services are based on secondary and primary
research data.
Secondary Research: Extraction of information from existing reports and project material within the Frost
& Sullivan database includes data and information gathered from technical papers, specialized magazines,
seminars, and Internet research.
Primary Research: More than 15 interviews have been conducted over the phone by senior
consultants/industry analysts with original equipment suppliers, regulation authorities, and distributors.
Primary research has accounted for 80.0% of the total research.
Note on Images: The images of vehicles on slides 78–87 are used with permission from respective
OEMs.
Research Methodology
Source: Frost & Sullivan

24. 24ND32-18
Key Industry Participants Compared in This Study
Europe
&
North America
India
&
China
Japan
&
Korea
Fiat Tata Motors Hyundai Motors
Ford Ashok Leyland Kia Motors
IVECO Mahindra Mitsubishi Motors
PSA - Peugeot Citroen Wuling Motors Toyota
Renault-Nissan JAC Daihatsu
Vauxhall Changan – CAKY & Hafei Mazda
GMC - Chevrolet Donfeng Automobile Suzuki
Chrysler - RAM Chery Automobile Honda
GAZ Beiqi Foton Isuzu
FAW
City Truck Market: Key Industry Participants, Global, 2013
Source: Frost & Sullivan

25. 25ND32-18 25ND32-18
Definitions and Segmentation

26. 26ND32-18
Reference
Vehicle
Classification
Definition GVWR Typical Applications
Micro LCV City truck
City trucks represent ultra-light
trucks that include panel vans
and dump trucks.
Class 12
GVWR < 3.5T
Intra-city pick-up and delivery
facilitating small time businesses
that often do not run on full-load
conditions
LCV Large city vehicles
LCVs represent vans and light
trucks.
Class 23
GVWR > 3.5T & <
6T
Pick-up and delivery, utilities,
airport operations, facilities
management, and several other
vocational applications
MCV
Medium commercial
vehicles
MCVs represent all types of
mid-size trucks, vans, and
buses.
Class 46
GVWR >6T &
<=16T
Home delivery, logistics, parcel
delivery, utilities, waste and
recycle collection, airport
operations, and small and
medium school and transit buses,
among others
HCV
Heavy commercial
vehicles
This constitutes all types of
large trucks.
Class 7 and 8
GVWR >16T
Line haul freight trucks, refuse
trucks, mining and construction
trucks, and other types of
vocations that demand high
GVWR trucks
City Truck Definition and Vehicle Segmentation
What are city trucks, how are they defined, and how do they compare to LCVs?
City Truck Market: City Truck Definition and Segmentation, Global, 2013
Segment with over-lap of features and specifications Source: Frost & Sullivan

27. 27ND32-18
Market Segmentation
The focus of this research is on two major segments of city trucks, namely, vans and trucks that are up to
3.5T GVWR. Pickup trucks are not included in the city truck segment.
Vans Trucks
Panel vans Drop-side
City Trucks
Total City Truck Market
Major Market Classification
Target Market
Market not in Focus
City Truck Market: Market Segmentation, Global, 2013
Double / combi cab Chassis cab Tipper Pickups
Box vans Curtain-side Refrigerated truck
Source: Frost & Sullivan

28. 28ND32-18
Definition of City Truck Categories
City trucks fall under the micro-truck, medium light truck, micro van, and light van categories.
Category
Cargo Area
Type
Avg. Top
Speed
No. of
Cylinders
Engine
Capacity
Avg.
Power
GVWR
Rating Up
to
Cargo
Volume/
Area
Examples
Micro truck
Drop side
31m/h
(50 km/h)
1 610 cc 11 bhp 1.3 T 2.4 sq.m
Tata Ace Zip /
Mitsubishi
Minicab
Drop side
44m/h
(70 km/h)
2 910 cc 26 bhp 1.8 T 3.5 sq.m
Mahindra
Maxximo
Medium light
truck
Drop side
62m/h
(100 km/h)
3 1,400 cc 55 bhp 2.5 T 4.1 sq.m
AL Dost /
Wuling
Micro van Panel van
81m/h
(130 km/h)
3 1,000 cc 98 bhp 2 - 2.4T 2.9 cu.m
Ford Transit
Connect
Light van
Panel van
90m/h
(145 km/h)
4 1,560 cc 126 bhp 2.6 - 3T 5.8 cu.m
Citroen
Dispatch
Panel van
100m/h
(160 km/h)
4 2,200 cc 150 bhp 2.8 - 3.5T 8 cu.m
Renault
Master
Large city
truck
Panel van
109m/h
(170 km/h)
4 - 6 2,990 cc 190 bhp 4.5 - 7T 15 cu.m Iveco Daily
City Truck Market: Definition of City Truck Categories, Global, 2013
Source: Frost & Sullivan

29. 29ND32-18
Related Research
2013 Related Published Research
Source: Frost & Sullivan
Report
Code
Research Topic Timeline
ND7A 2014 Outlook of the Global Commercial Vehicle Industry Completed
NA53 Strategic Analysis of Global Platforms of Major Heavy-duty Truck Manufacturers Completed
M91C Strategic Assessment of Truck Cabin Styling Strategies of Major HCV OEMs in Western Europe Completed
N8CF Strategic Analysis of Classes 6–8 Natural Gas Truck Market in North America Completed
NAAF
Strategic Analysis of Powertrain Downsizing Strategies of Major Heavy-duty Truck Manufacturers
in North America and Western Europe
Completed
NA66 Strategic Analysis of Chinese Commercial Truck Market Completed
M905 Strategic Analysis of Turkish Commercial Vehicle Market Completed
N838 Strategic Analysis of North American CV Telematics Market Completed
Note: Titles and number of titles are subject to change and are not guaranteed. Frost & Sullivan may change titles/timelines based on client preferences/priorities.

30. 30ND32-18
Related Research
2014 Commercial Vehicle Planned Research
Research Topic Draft Timeline
2020 Vision: Global Medium-Heavy Commercial Truck Market – NC9A Completed
Strategic Analysis of North American Medium-Heavy Truck Leasing and Financing Market Completed
CV Telematics 2014 Outlook Completed
Strategic Analysis of Chinese CNG/LNG Truck and Bus Market Completed
Update Global Low-cost Truck Market Q3 2014
Impact of Big Data on Global Commercial Vehicle Businesses Q3 2014
Strategic Analysis of Global Medium-heavy Hybrid/Electric Commercial Truck Market Q4 2014
Strategic Analysis of Driverless Truck and Bus Technologies in Global CV Market Q4 2014
BRIC CV Telematics Market Outlook Q3 2014
Source: Frost & Sullivan
Note: Titles and number of titles are subject to change and are not guaranteed. Frost & Sullivan may change titles/timelines based on client preferences/priorities.

31. 31ND32-18
Market Engineering Methodology
•One of Frost & Sullivan’s core
deliverables is its Market Engineering
studies. They are based on our
proprietary Market Engineering
Methodology. This approach, developed
across the 50 years of experience
assessing global markets, applies
engineering rigor to the often nebulous art
of market forecasting and interpretation.
•A detailed description of the methodology
can be found here.
Source: Frost & Sullivan