Selenium is a tool for automating web application testing. It allows recording and playback of tests to simulate user actions like clicking and filling forms. Selenium IDE is a Firefox plugin that allows recording and editing tests. Selenium Remote Control (RC) runs tests on multiple browsers and platforms. Selenium Grid distributes tests across servers for parallel testing. Tests are written using Selenium commands in languages like Java, Python, C#, and tests can be exported from IDE.

1. What is Selenium for?
It is used for functional or system testing web applications. These tests are also sometimes called
acceptance, customer, or integration tests. Selenium is not meant for unit testing.
What is Selenium?
Selenium is a robust set of tools that supports rapid development of test automation for web-based
applications.
• Works anywhere JavaScript is supported
• Hooks for many other languages - Java, Ruby, Python
• Can simulate a user navigating through pages and then assert for specific marks on the pages
• All you need to really know is HTML to start using it right away
• You can use open source - Selenium tool
• Selenium IDE is a plug-in to Firefox to record and playback tests (like WinRunner, QTP).
• You can then export the recorded test in most language e.g. HTML, Java, .NET , Perl , Ruby etc.
• The exported test can be run in any browser and any platform using "selenium remote control".
• You can use Selenium-Core and customize everything – deprecated.
• But it is easier to just get a Firefox plug-in “Selenium-IDE” that helps you “record” test Cases.
• You can record how an app is being used and then playback those recordings followed by
asserts.
• Get everything at: www.openqa.org/selenium/
Selenium-IDE
• Integrated Development Environment for building Selenium test cases.
• Operates as a Firefox add-on and provides an interface for developing and running individual test
cases or entire test suites.
• Selenium-IDE has a recording feature, which will keep account of user actions as they are
performed and store them as a reusable script to play back.
• It also has a context menu (right-click) integrated with the Firefox browser, which allows the user
to pick from a list of assertions and verifications for the selected location.
• Offers full editing of test cases.
• Although it is a Firefox only add-on, tests created in it can also be run against other browsers by
using Selenium-RC & specifying the name of the test suite on the command line.

2. Selenium-RC (Remote Control)
• Selenium-RC provides an API (Application Programming Interface) and library for each of its
supported languages: HTML, Java, C#, Perl, PHP, Python, and Ruby.
• This ability to use Selenium-RC with a high-level programming language to develop test cases
also allows the automated testing to be integrated with a project’s automated build environment.
Selenium-Grid
Selenium-Grid allows the Selenium-RC solution to scale for test suites or test suites to be run in multiple
environments.
• With Selenium-Grid multiple instances of Selenium-RC are running on various operating system
and browser configurations, each of these when launching register with a hub. When tests are
sent to the hub they are then redirected to an available Selenium-RC, which will launch the
browser and run the test.
• This allows for running tests in parallel, with the entire test suite theoretically taking only as long
to run as the longest individual test.
Steps to start with Selenium
1) Begin: write and run tests in Firefox.
Selenium IDE is a Firefox add-on that records clicks, typing, and other actions to make a test, which you
can play back in the browser.
2) Customize: your language, your browser.
Selenium Remote Control (RC) runs your tests in multiple browsers and platforms. Tweak your tests in
your preferred language.
3) Deploy: scale out, speed up
Selenium Grid extends Selenium RC to distribute your tests across multiple servers, saving you time by
running tests in parallel.
• Integrated Development Environment for building Selenium test cases.
• Operates as a Firefox add-on and provides an interface for developing and running individual test
cases or entire test suites.
• Selenium-IDE has a recording feature, which will keep account of user actions as they are
performed and store them as a reusable script to play back.

3. • It also has a context menu (right-click) integrated with the Firefox browser, which allows the user
to pick from a list of assertions and verifications for the selected location.
• Offers full editing of test cases.
• Although it is a Firefox only add-on, tests created in it can also be run against other browsers by
using Selenium-RC & specifying the name of the test suite on the command line.
Running Selenium Server
Before starting any tests you must start the server. Go to the directory where Selenium RC’s server is
located and run the following from a command-line console.
java -jar selenium-server.jar
This can be simplified by creating a batch or shell executable file (.bat on Windows and .sh on Linux)
containing the command above. Then make a shortcut to that executable on your desktop and simply
double-click the icon to start the server.
For the server to run you’ll need Java installed and the PATH environment variable correctly configured to
run it from the console. You can check that you have Java correctly installed by running the following on a
console:
java -version
If you get a version number (which needs to be 1.5 or later), you’re ready to start using Selenium RC.
Using the Java Client Driver
Download Selenium RC from the SeleniumHQ downloads page.
Extract the file selenium-java-client-driver.jar.
Open your desired Java IDE (Eclipse, NetBeans, IntelliJ, Netweaver, etc.)
Create a new project.
Add the selenium-java-client-driver.jar files to your project as references.
Add to your project classpath the file selenium-java-client-driver.jar.
From Selenium-IDE, export a script to a Java file and include it in your Java project, or write your
Selenium test in Java using the selenium-java-client API. The API is presented later in this chapter. You
can either use JUnit, or TestNg to run your test, or you can write your own simple main() program. These
concepts are explained later in this section.
Run Selenium server from the console.
Execute your test from the Java IDE or from the command-line.
Selenium Commands
A command is what tells Selenium what to do. Selenium commands come in three 'flavors': Actions,
Accessors and Assertions.

4. Actions are commands that generally manipulate the state of the application. They do things like "click
this link" and "select that option". If an Action fails, or has an error, the execution of the current test is
stopped.
Many Actions can be called with the "AndWait" suffix, e.g. "clickAndWait". This suffix tells Selenium that
the action will cause the browser to make a call to the server, and that Selenium should wait for a new
page to load.
Accessors examine the state of the application and store the results in variables, e.g. "storeTitle". They
are also used to automatically generate Assertions.
Assertions are like Accessors, but they verify that the state of the application conforms to what is
expected. Examples include "make sure the page title is X" and "verify that this checkbox is checked".
All Selenium Assertions can be used in 3 modes: "assert", "verify", and " waitFor". For example, you can
"assertText", "verifyText" and "waitForText". When an "assert" fails, the test is aborted. When a "verify"
fails, the test will continue execution, logging the failure. This allows a single "assert" to ensure that the
application is on the correct page, followed by a bunch of "verify" assertions to test form field values,
labels, etc.
"waitFor" commands wait for some condition to become true (which can be useful for testing Ajax
applications). They will succeed immediately if the condition is already true. However, they will fail and
halt the test if the condition does not become true within the current timeout setting (see the setTimeout
action below).
Software Required:
1. eclipse-jdk-3.6.0-win32 [java(TM) SE 6]
2. Selenium IDE
3. selenium-java-client-driver-1.0.1
4. Selenium-server-1.0.3
A simple example: Step 1: Run the server at command prompt

5. Server is running
Step 2: Create a new project

6. Project Name: proj01

7. Step 3: Create a new package

8. Step 4: Create a new class

9. Step 5: Create a new folder to link with the external jars

10. Configure build path

11. Adding external jars

12. Adding external jars

13. Step 6: Adding the library

14. Adding the library: JUnit 4

15. Step 7: Record the required scenarios and convert it into JUnit 4 format (Taken google site) using
Selenium IDE

16. Step 8: Paste the above recorded test script in the java application and modify the class names (say,
untitled to required class names created above)

17. Step 9: Run the program
At the command prompt, changes will be notified

18. Observation of the recorded scenario
Status