1. Human Structure and Function I

6. Classroom Etiquette: Turn off pagers and cell phones especially during exams! No tobacco use of any kind Be considerate of others: Take out what you bring in. Talk to me, NOT your neighbor! Do not ask for grades over the phone or internet.

10. Exams : 4 exams worth 100 points Multiple choice, diagrams, fill-in and essay questions Comprehensive final Exam A = 450 – 50 points B = 400 – 449 points C = 350 – 399 points D = 300 – 349 points F less than 300 points

12. You will learn a new language , made up of reusable and interchangeable parts. Gluconeogenesis Gluco – sugar - glucose Neo - new Genesis - to make, produce or generate The production of new glucose molecules from other, non-sugar, substances.

13. Glucosuria Gluco – sugar (glucose) Uria - urine An abnormal amount of sugar in the urine

14. Hematuria Uria - urine Hemato - blood Blood in the urine

16. Anatomy is the study of the STRUCTURES of the body, and the relationship among structures. This is the WHAT and WHERE of the body. The word itself means “to cut up.”

19. Physiology is the study of how the body Functions. The “how” is often on a chemical level. Anatomy and Physiology are closely integrated, both theoretically and practically All specific functions are performed by specific structures.

21. organism organ system organs tissues cells – smallest living thing organelles molecules Atoms (elements)

28. Homeostasis is maintaining a fairly constant internal environment in spite of a changing external environment. All body systems attempt to maintain homeostasis. What can upset homeostasis?

30. Feedback loops: 1. Control center 2. Receptors that monitor changes 3. Effectors receive information from the control center and produce a response Negative feedback reverses changes Positive feedback brings a process to completion

34. Disease is a homeostatic imbalance . Symptoms are subjective changes that are not apparent to an observer. Signs are objective changes which can be observed or measured.

39. Thoracic and abdominopelvic membranes: Visceral (guts) refers to the membrane closest to the organs. Parietal refers to the membrane that lines the body walls. The pleura surround the lungs The pericardium surrounds the heart The peritoneum surrounds the abdominal organs

41. Directional Terms : Superior (cephalic or cranial) – toward the head, upper, or above. Inferior (caudal) – toward the feet, under or below Anterior (ventral) – front, or in front of Posterior (dorsal) – back or in back of Medial (mesial) – toward the midline of the body Lateral – toward the side of the body or away from the midline

42. Intermediate – between two structures Ipsilateral – on the same side of the body Contralateral – on the opposite side of the body Proximal – toward the trunk of the body or the point of origin of a body part. Distal – away from the trunk of the body or the point of origin of a body part.

43. Superficial – toward the surface of the body Deep – away from the body surface