The document discusses user stories and agile development. It defines what a user story is and explains that it describes functionality that will be valuable to a user or customer. It also discusses epics, themes, writing good user stories, and responsibilities in the agile process such as identifying user roles and personas, writing stories, and testing.

1. User Stories & Agile
Analysis Saket Bansal
PMP, PMI-ACP, CSM , ITIL-F
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2. User Stories
Epics and Themes
A Good User
Stories
Writing User
Stories
Responsibilities
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3.  A user story describes functionality that will be valuable to
either a user or purchaser of a system or software.
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4.  Is
• An agreements between customers and team members to
discuss detail requirements during an iteration
• Emphasize verbal rather than written communication.
• Right size for planning
 Is not
• A Requirement document, requirement need to be captured
by discussion , if discussion is not possible then should be
augmented by documentation
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5.  Card:
• Stories are traditionally written on note cards
• Card may be annotated with Notes , Estimates etc,
 Conversation :
• Details behind the story come out during conversations
with product owner/customer.
 Confirmation
• Acceptance tests confirms a story was coded correctly
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6. As a (role) I
want
(something) so
that (benefit).
As a
Who wants this piece of functionality
I want
What the user wants
So that
Why the user wants it
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7. As a Exam Administrator
As a Student I want to
I should be able to
take practice test so that
publish new Exam so
I know my readiness for
that test takers can take
exam.
it.
As a Administrator I
As a Student I want to
should be able to
see how I am doing in
manage question bank
practice test so that I can
so that I can retire easy
plan my future study.
questions.
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8. As a Student I want to
take practice test so
that I know my
readiness for exam.
•Does system allows user to select
number of questions
•Does system allows user to take test
in multiple sessions
•Does system provides facility to time
the exam, is if configurable ?
•Do we need to save the test history?
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9. As a Student I want to
take practice test so
that I know my
readiness for exam.
•Verify that test taker can select
questions in multiple of 10 with max
limit of 100
•Verify that registers user can do the
test in multiple sessions.
•Verify that User can see how he has
performed in test at later date.
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10. As a Test taker I can
select the number of
questions so that i get
that many questions
in test
As a Student I want to As a Test taker I
take practice test so should be able to hold
that I know my the test so the I can
readiness for exam resume it at later
stage
As a Test taker I want
to save my test results
so that I can review
them at later date
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11. User Stories
Epics and Themes
A Good User
Stories
Writing User
Stories
Responsibilities
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12.  Epic , Is a large User Story,
They are too big to
implement in a single
iteration and therefore they
need to be disaggregated
into smaller user stories at
some point
 Theme : Theme is a set of
related user stories that
may be combined together
and treated as a single
entity for either estimating
or release planning.
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13.  In some cases epic may equal a theme. However we write
an epic as a placeholder for big features we want to add
someday , while themes serve the purpose of grouping
together a set of related stories
 Epics come from top-down planning while themes are
created bottom.
 There is no hierarchy relation between Theme and Epic
 Epics are usually bigger than theme , but in some cases
theme may have more than one epic in it.
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14. As a Job Seeker I
should be able to
search for jobs by
keywords and location
so that I can find the
As a Job Seeker I suitable match
should be able to
search for a job so
that I can find suitable
match
As a Job Seeker i
should be able to view
information about each
job that is matched by
a search so that I can
get details of listed Job
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15. As a Head PMO, I
would like to see list
of projects which are
behind schedule so
that I can take
corrective actions
As a Head PMO, I
As a PMO Head, I would like to see list if
would like to review upcoming milestones
project performance in any running
against time so that I projects so that I
As a PMO Head, I can take corrective
would like to review ensure resources on
actions time.
performance of ongoing
projects so that I can
take corrective actions
As a PMO Head, I As a Head PMO, I
would like to review would like to see list
Project performance of projects which has
Epic against budget so that I missed last 3
can take corrective milestone dates so
actions that I can identify the
risky projects.
Epic
User
Story
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16. A Job Seeker can fill out a
resume form.
Technical Division
Information on a resume
form is written to the
database.
A Job Seeker can A Job Seeker can submit
post a resume a resume that includes
only basic information
such as
name, address, education
history
Slice the cake
A Job Seeker can submit
Epic a resume that includes all
information an employer
may want to see.
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17. An epic that comprises
Compound Story
multiple shorter stories
Epic
Inherently large and
Complex Story cannot easily be
disaggregated
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18. Splitting across data Split along the
boundaries of the data
boundaries supported by the story.
Splitting on Based on the
operations that are
Operational performed within the
Boundaries story.
Epic : Creating two versions of
the story: one with and
Compound Removing Cross
one without support for
Cutting Concern
Story the cross-cutting
concern.
Don’t meet Separate the functional
performance and nonfunctional
constraints aspects
Split into smaller
Split Stories of Mixed stories if the smaller
Priority stories have different
priorities
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19. Research and
determine the
Investigation
feasibility
(TimeBoxed Spike)
Epic : Complex
Story
Add that
Development functionality to the
product. (User Story)
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20. User Stories
Epics and Themes
A Good User
Stories
Writing User Stories
Responsibilities
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21.  Independent
• Avoid Introducing dependencies between stories
 Negotiable
• Stories are negotiable. they are not written contracts or requirements
 Valuable to users or customers
• Story must be valued by the users / Purchaser
 Estimatable
• Developers should be able to estimate it.
 Small
• Stories should be rightly sized , Too large or too small cannot be used
in planning.
 Testable
• Stories must be written so as to be testable. Successfully passing its
tests proves that a story has been successfully developed.
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22.  Is a Closed stories
 Has User Role
 Written for One user
 Does not focus too much on UI
 Has acceptance tests
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23. User Stories
Epics and Themes
A Good User
Stories
Writing User
Stories
Responsibilities
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24. Identify Initial asset of Identify User Personas Identify actions /
User Roles for important User interactions User
Roles , also identify Persona or role can have
Extreme Characters with system
• Set of User Roles • User Personas • Epic Stories
• Extreme Characters
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25.  A user role is a collection of defining attributes that
characterize a group of users and their interactions with the
system.
 Its an aggregate individual users
 Role Modeling Steps
• Brainstorm set of user roles relevant for our system
• Organize and consolidate roles
• Refine the roles
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26. Ajay
• Deals in Sr. Positions
• Specialized in Law Firms recruitment
Sally
• Deals in Project Management
• Specialized in IT Projects Managers
Sunita
• Deals in Entry level Recruitment
• Specialized in call Center Recruitment
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27. For some of the important user roles
we should create a persona . A  Name
persona is an imaginary  Picture
representation of a user role.
 Education & Experience
 Likes / Dislikes
 Demographic Information
 Not to map to the real user
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28.  Users with exaggerated
personalities may lead to
new stories
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29. Includes developers , users ,
product customers, product
owner , anyone who can
contribute
Should be conducted prior to
release planning
Use Cards
Discussion remain at a high
level
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30. User Stories
Epics and Themes
A Good User
Stories
Writing User
Stories
Responsibilities
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31. www.izenbridge.com 31

32.  Identify appropriate user roles.
 Participate in the process of identifying user roles and
personas.
 Write Stories.
 When writing stories ensure that each story can be
associated with at least one user role or persona.
 If you need help in writing the stories, you are responsible for
scheduling and running story-writing workshops.
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33.  Participate in the process of identifying user roles and
personas.
 Participate in Writing Stories.
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34. www.izenbridge.com 34

35.  Writing the acceptance tests.
 Write tests as many which adds value and clarification to the
story.
 Executing the acceptance tests.
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36.  Responsible for automating the execution of acceptance
tests if required
 You are responsible for thinking about additional
acceptance tests
 You are responsible for unit testing your code so that
acceptance tests do not need to be specified for all the
minutiae of a story
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37. User Stories
Epics and Themes
A Good User
Stories
Writing User
Stories
Responsibilities
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38. User Stories Applied for Agile software
Development-Mike Cohn
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39. Check with us for
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Certified Practitioner) certification program
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41. Saket Bansal
Saket.Bansal@iZenBridge.com
M: 9910802561
Web: www.iZenBridge.com
LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/in/saketbansal
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