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Zero Pricing
Sake Jan Velthuis
Homo Oeconomicus
• De mens is een economisch
wezen, die zijn behoeften op
efficiënte, rationele of logische
wijze bevredigt.
Mediamarkt behoort tot de
duurste 40% van elektronica
winkels
Gedragseconomie
• Houdt zich bezig met menselijk oordeel en
keuzes
• Oordeel gaat over perceptie en
kansberekening
• Keuze gaat over de afweging tussen twee
opties
Shampanier, Mazar and
Ariely, 2007
• bijdrage: find out if decisions about free products differ
from standard theoretical perspective
• methode: contrasting demand for two products across
conditions that maintain the price difference between the
goods, but vary the prices such that the cheaper good
in the set is priced at either a low positive or zero price
• conclusion: people appear to act as if zero pricing of a
good not only decreases its cost, but also adds to its
benefits
Geld: beloning en betaling
• Geen beloning i.c.m. cognitieve dissonantie leidt tot intrinsieke motivatie
• Bij het noemen van geld gebruiken mensen marktnormen, zonder vermelding van geld
sociale normen.
• Dingen die gratis zijn worden meer gewaardeerd
• bij kansberekening wordt een kleine kans groter ingeschat dan die daadwerkelijk is
Prijs elasticiteit
een verschil in prijs leidt automatisch tot een verschil in vraag
0
9
18
27
36
20 25 30 35
ergo, een kleine
verandering in prijs leidt
tot een kleine
verandering in vraag
Reactie op gratis
1 cent vs. 14 cent
0 cent vs. 13 cent
Experiment 1
Herhey 1 cent, Ferrero Rocher 26 cent of niks
Herhey 2 cent, Ferrero Rocher 27 cent of niks
Herhey 0 cent, Ferrero Rocher 25 cent of niks
Vragenlijst 60 personen
Experiment 1
Experiment 2
Herhey 1 cent, Lindt 15 cent of niks
Herhey 0 cent, Lindt 14 cent of niks
Herhey 0 cent, Lindt 10 cent of niks
Verkoop aan 389 personen
Experiment 2
Experiment 3
Herhey 1 cent, Ferrero Rocher 14 cent of niks
Herhey 0 cent, Ferrero Rocher 13 cent of niks
Experiment 3
Waarom is gratis speciaal?
• Social Norms, als geld genoemd is gebruiken we
een marktnorm, (afgewezen)
• Mapping Difficulty, moeilijk kunnen schatten wat
iets waard is. (experiment 4)
• Affect, uitwisselingen zonder „downside" worden
affectiever beoordeeld. (experiment 5)
Experiment 4
0&1 1&2
Snoep ruilen met halloween
Experiment 4
0&1 1&2
Experiment 4b
10 20
Optie 1 $5 $12
Optie 2 $1 $8
Optie 3 $0 $7
Experiment 4b
10
20
Experiment 5
0 ct. / 1ct. 13 ct. / 14ct.
Experiment 5
0 ct. / 1ct. 13 ct. / 14ct.
Experiment 6
0 ct. / 1ct. 13 ct. / 14ct.
+ Forced analysis
how much more would you like the Lindt
how much more would you hate paying
Experiment 6
0 ct. / 1ct. 13 ct. / 14ct.
Managerial Implications
• gratis is meer gewild dan een hele kleine prijs
• 0% vet is veel beter dan 1% vet
Extra leesvoer
klik op de afbeelding om naar bol.com te gaan

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Zero pricing, Dan Ariely

  • 2. Homo Oeconomicus • De mens is een economisch wezen, die zijn behoeften op efficiënte, rationele of logische wijze bevredigt. Mediamarkt behoort tot de duurste 40% van elektronica winkels
  • 3. Gedragseconomie • Houdt zich bezig met menselijk oordeel en keuzes • Oordeel gaat over perceptie en kansberekening • Keuze gaat over de afweging tussen twee opties
  • 4. Shampanier, Mazar and Ariely, 2007 • bijdrage: find out if decisions about free products differ from standard theoretical perspective • methode: contrasting demand for two products across conditions that maintain the price difference between the goods, but vary the prices such that the cheaper good in the set is priced at either a low positive or zero price • conclusion: people appear to act as if zero pricing of a good not only decreases its cost, but also adds to its benefits
  • 5. Geld: beloning en betaling • Geen beloning i.c.m. cognitieve dissonantie leidt tot intrinsieke motivatie • Bij het noemen van geld gebruiken mensen marktnormen, zonder vermelding van geld sociale normen. • Dingen die gratis zijn worden meer gewaardeerd • bij kansberekening wordt een kleine kans groter ingeschat dan die daadwerkelijk is
  • 6. Prijs elasticiteit een verschil in prijs leidt automatisch tot een verschil in vraag 0 9 18 27 36 20 25 30 35 ergo, een kleine verandering in prijs leidt tot een kleine verandering in vraag
  • 7. Reactie op gratis 1 cent vs. 14 cent 0 cent vs. 13 cent
  • 8. Experiment 1 Herhey 1 cent, Ferrero Rocher 26 cent of niks Herhey 2 cent, Ferrero Rocher 27 cent of niks Herhey 0 cent, Ferrero Rocher 25 cent of niks Vragenlijst 60 personen
  • 10. Experiment 2 Herhey 1 cent, Lindt 15 cent of niks Herhey 0 cent, Lindt 14 cent of niks Herhey 0 cent, Lindt 10 cent of niks Verkoop aan 389 personen
  • 12. Experiment 3 Herhey 1 cent, Ferrero Rocher 14 cent of niks Herhey 0 cent, Ferrero Rocher 13 cent of niks
  • 14. Waarom is gratis speciaal? • Social Norms, als geld genoemd is gebruiken we een marktnorm, (afgewezen) • Mapping Difficulty, moeilijk kunnen schatten wat iets waard is. (experiment 4) • Affect, uitwisselingen zonder „downside" worden affectiever beoordeeld. (experiment 5)
  • 15. Experiment 4 0&1 1&2 Snoep ruilen met halloween
  • 17. Experiment 4b 10 20 Optie 1 $5 $12 Optie 2 $1 $8 Optie 3 $0 $7
  • 19. Experiment 5 0 ct. / 1ct. 13 ct. / 14ct.
  • 20. Experiment 5 0 ct. / 1ct. 13 ct. / 14ct.
  • 21. Experiment 6 0 ct. / 1ct. 13 ct. / 14ct. + Forced analysis how much more would you like the Lindt how much more would you hate paying
  • 22. Experiment 6 0 ct. / 1ct. 13 ct. / 14ct.
  • 23. Managerial Implications • gratis is meer gewild dan een hele kleine prijs • 0% vet is veel beter dan 1% vet
  • 24. Extra leesvoer klik op de afbeelding om naar bol.com te gaan