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400 KV GSS HEERAPURA, JAIPUR
1. A
SUMMER PRACTICAL TRAINING
PRESENTATION
ON
400 KV GRID SUB STATION
HEERAPURA, JAIPUR
RAJASTHAN
Presented By
Sahid Raja Khan (EE VII sem)
Compucom Institute Of Technology & Management, Jaipur
3. POWER TRANSFORMERS
Transformer
A transformer is a static machine used for transforming
power from one circuit to another circuit without
changing frequency.
Transformers are used to voltage control , at constant
frequency.
4. CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURE OF POWER
TRANSFORMER
Transformer Tank and Cover
Core
Winding
Insulation
Insulating Oil
Conservator
Buchholz Relay
Elbow relief Device
Temperature Gauge
Oil Gauge
Bushing
Breather
Arching Horn
Tap Changer
6. RATINGS & SPECIFICATIONS OF TRANSFORMERS
FOR TRANSFORMER 1,2 AND 3
I.D. NO.: ILT-1, ILT-2 AND ILT-3
MAKE: TELK
RATIO: 400/220/33 KV
CAPACITY: 250 MVA
CURRENT: 361/656 A
FOR TRANSFORMER 4
I.D. NO.: ILT-4
MAKE: TELK
RATIO: 400/220/33 KV
CAPACITY: 315 MVA
CURRENT: 455/828 A
7. TYPES OF POWER TRANSFORMER
Step up Transformer & Step Down
Transformer
Three Phase Transformer & Single Phase
Transformer
Electric Power Transformer , Distribution
Transformer & Instrument Transformer
Two Winding Transformer & Auto
Transformer
Outdoor transformer & Indoor transformer
8. CONDUCTORS
Properties of conductor’s material
High electrical conductivity.
High tensile strength in order to with stand mechanical stresses.
Low cost so that it can be used for long distances.
Low specific gravity so that weight per unit volume is small.
COMMON USED CONDUCTOR MATERIALS
Copper
Aluminum
Steel Cored Aluminum
Galvanized Steel and
Cadmium Copper
9. A.C.S.R. CONDUCTOR
Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced
In order to increase the tensile strength; the aluminum
conductor is reinforced with a core of galvanized steel
wires.
THE CONDUCTORS USED FOR
400 KV line: - Tarantulla and marculla conductor.
220 KV line: - Zebra conductor is used composite
of aluminum strands and steel wires.
132 KV line: - Panther conductor is used composite
of aluminum strands and steel wires.
11. BUS BAR
Bus-bar term is used for a main bar or conductor carrying an electric
current to which many connections can be made.
It is defined as a conductor or group of conductor used for collecting
electrical energy from incoming feeders and distributed them to the
outgoing feeders.
Types of Different Bus-Bar Arrangement:-
1. Single Bus-Bar Arrangement
2. Single Main Transfer Bus Scheme
3. Double Main Bus-Bar Scheme
4. Double Main Transfer Bus Scheme
5. One And A-Half Breaker Scheme
12. AT 400KV GSS HEERAPURA
At 400kV side
Two main bus A and B
Both are Aluminum Hollow Pipes
Diameter- 114.2 mm
Current carrying capacity- 2000 Amp
At 220kV side
Three main bus D, E and F
Twin Moose Conductor Bus
13. INSULATORS
It provides insulations between line conductor and supports and thus prevents
any leakage current from conductor to earth.
It must be used in electrical system
To prevent unwanted flow of current to the earth from its supporting points.
Mechanically strong enough
High insulation resistance
It should not be porous.
Power insulator
14. PURPOSE
To isolate the bus-bar switches and other support
structures
To prevent leakage current
Material used- Porcelain and Fiberglass
TYPES OF INSULATORS
1. Pin Type
2. Suspension Type
3. Shackle Type
4. Strain Type
15. PIN TYPE INSULATORS
Small, Simple in Construction and Cheap
It is used for supporting line conductor
It is used for lower voltage transmission
up to and including 33 kV.
PinInsulator
16. SUSPENSION INSULATORS
It is used for lines above 33 kV
Disc insulator and String insulator
In the event of failure of one disc, need to
replacement.
17. STRAIN INSULATORS
Egg Shape
Also called Strain or Guy insulators
Insulate the lower part of the guy cable from the pole
18. CIRCUIT BREAKER
Electrical circuit breaker is a switching device which can be
operated manually and automatically for
Controlling and protection of electrical power system with the
help of relay
Main Functions
1. It carries current continuously without heating.
2. Open or close the circuit when required.
3. It protects the circuit in case of any fault.
20. TYPES OF CIRCUIT BREAKER
Low oil Circuit Breaker
Bulk oil Circuit Breaker
Air-blast Circuit Breakers
S.F.6 Circuit Breaker
Vacuum Circuit Breaker
Specification of C.B.
No. of C.B. at 220 KV side: 12
No. of C.B. at 400KV side: 18
21. RELAYS
An automatic device which
Sense the abnormal condition and
Initiate the operation of Circuit Breaker
To isolate defective element
Measure electrical quantities(voltage,
current, frequency and phase angle)
under normal and fault condition.
Relay Control
panel
22. LIGHTNING ARRESTERS
Protection of Power Station ,
Transmission Line and Sub-Station
from direct high voltage stroke
like – Lightning surges etc.
Connected b/w Line and Earth.
23. TYPES OF LA
Rod Gap Arrestor
These are usually connected across the bushings of various
equipments.
Valve Type Arrestor
Such an arrestor consists essentially of a divided spark gap in series
with a resistance element having non-linear characteristics.
Electrolyte Type Arrestor
a thin film of aluminum hydroxide deposited on the aluminum plate
immersed in electrolyte acts as a high resistance to a low voltage but
a low resistance to a voltage above a critical value.
Thyrite Type Arrestor
At high voltage it will behave like a conducting material and after
the surge has passed the thyrite again retains its original property.
24. ISOLATORS
Isolator is a mechanical switch which isolates a part of circuit from
system as when required.
Isolator is a manually operated mechanical switch.
Isolators are used to open a circuit under no load.
Isolators specifications at 400KV
No. of Isolators: 6 (Bay No.1 to Bay No.6)
Voltage (KV): 420/142T
Current: 2000A
Types of Electrical Isolators:-
1. Double Break isolator
2. Single Break isolator
3. Pantograph type isolator
26. INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER
The measuring instruments and protective devices are designed
for low voltage ( generally 110V ) and currents ( about 5
Am . ).
To transfer voltage or current in the power lines to values which
are convenient for the operation of measuring instruments
and relays.
Types :-
Current Transformer (C.T.)
Potential Transformer(P.T.)
Capacitor voltage transformer(C.V.T.)
27. CURRENT TRANSFORMER
To measure currents in high voltage AC circuit
Step-down the current
Step-up transformer
Primary connected to line and Secondary connected to
Ammeter terminals
Street lighting circuit
28. POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
To transform high voltage of power line to a lower value
which is in the range of an AC voltmeter
Primary is connected to the main bus bar
Secondary- various indicating and metering instrument
When rated high voltage applicable on PT the voltage of
110V appears at secondary
Classification
Capacitive Voltage Transformer
Electro Magnetic type
29. CAPACITOR VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER
Capacitors to step down the voltage.
CVT is more economical than PT
The carrier current equipment can be connected via the
capacitor of the CVT
CVT is used for voltage 66KV and more
Application
Measuring
Metering
Protection
Carrier communication etc.
31. What is the difference between Isolator and
Circuit breaker?
Isolator is an off load device while , circuit breaker is an
on load device.
Isolator is a switch operated manually , which separated
the circuit from the power main and discharge the trapped
charge in the circuit.
Circuit breaker operated automatically , higher triggered
by electromechanical mechanism inside and are a safely
feature for abnormal loads and voltages in the circuit.
32. WAVE TRAPPER
Power line communication is the most economical and reliable
method of communication for medium and long distance in
power network.
Exchange of data and transfer of message between substation.
A line trap (high frequency stopper) is a maintenance-free
inductor ,
Mounted in line on high voltage AC transmission power lines
To prevent the transmission of high frequency(40KHz to
1000KHz) carrier signals of line communication to unwanted
destinations.
11PLCC system in Raj. In which 5 from Heerapura GSS.
34. BATTERY ROOM
A battery room is a room in a facility used to house batteries for backup or
uninterruptible power systems.
Battery room which has batteries
At 132 KV Section
55 batteries of
2 volt each
At 220KV/400KV Section
110 batteries
Lead Acid Type
DC Power used for functioning of control panels.
In 400 KV 2 dc source (source-1 & source-2) of 220KV
Source-1 is utilized in main-1 protection scheme and
Source-2 is utilized in main-2 protection scheme.
Two rectifier separately charged these batteries.
35.
36. CONTROL ROOM
The control room is generally houses the indoor panels on which are
mounted the protective relays at back with various instruments.
Control panels contain meters , control switches and recorders
located in the control building or doghouse.
These are used-
to control the substation equipments,
to send power from one circuit to another circuit or
to open or to shut down circuits when needed.
MEASURING INSTRUMENT USED
Energy Meter
Watt Meter
Frequency Meter
Voltmeter
KA Meter
38. CONCLUSION
During these eight weeks of work these are developed
my team work, analytical thinking and various
important information about electric power system.
The main objective of this whole training program is
to provide an opportunity to identify, observe and
practice how engineering is applicable in the real
industry.
In Heerapura G.S.S. every event added a lot to my
practical knowledge during my training session.