This ppt shows how the power factor improve with the help of capacitor bank by using AT16A1164

1. Project on
AUTOMATIC
POWER FACTOR
IMPROVEMENT
Presented By :
1) Ashitosh.A.Motkule
2) Amit.H.Birajdar
3) Sagar. L.Pawar
Under the guidance of : Mr. A. A .Jadhav
SVERI’s College of engineering
Pandharpur
Department Of Electronics And Telecommunication
Engineering

2. CONTENTS:
 Introduction
 Objective
 Block diagram
 Working principle
 Power supply circuit
 Power factor measurement circuit
 Micro Controller
 LCD
 Relay
 Capacitor Bank
 Advantage
 Disadvantage
 Applications
 Conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION:
 Power factor is the ratio of working power to apparent power. It measures how
effectively electrical power is being used . A high power factor signals
efficient utilization of electrical power, while a low power factor indicates poor
utilization of electrical power.
 Most loads in modern electrical distribution systems are inductive. Examples
include motors, transformers.
 An inductive load requires a magnetic field to operate and in creating such a
mag netic field causes the current to be out of phase with the voltage, Power
factor correction is the process of compensating for the lagging current by
creating a leading current by connecting capacitors to the supply
 A sufficient capacitance is connected so that the power factor is adjusted to be
as close to unity as possible.

4. Objectives
• To measure the power factor in the different environments.
• we wanted to gain a better understanding of the reactive loads in the different
environments.
• To correct the power factor.
• The static capacitor will apply in the high voltage transmission line then its rating
will expectedly large which will be uneconomical & inefficient.
• Transmission loss decreases.
• Improved voltage

5. Source
230V
AC
Power factor
measurement
circuit
LCD Display
Micro
controller
Relay
Capacitor
Bank
Load
Power Supply
communication
BLOCK DIAGRAM

6. Working Principle:
 Power supply is given to the circuit.
 Power factor is set as standard value into the microcontroller IC.
 In case of deviations , microcontroller activates relay.
 Relay senses and connects the capacitor.
 The capacitor is connected parallel across the load by relay without
any hazard.
 The APFC unit controls PF by activating/deactivating capacitors.

7. Power Supply Circuit
 Step-down Transformer
 Diode Rectifier
 Filtering Capacitor
 Voltage Regulator

8. POWER FACTOR MEARSURMENT
CIRCUIT
Potential
Transformer
Current Transformer Zero Crossing Detector

9. Circuit Diagram of ZCD

10. MICRO COTROLLER:
 A Microcontroller Contains:
 The processor (The CPU),
 Program memory,
 Memory for input and output(RAM),
 A clock and an I/O control unit.
 Microcontroller it is an electronic
clock driven reprogrammable device
which can take some digital data ,
process the data and gives us to
required output data.

11. Features of the
Atmega 16A
•Package is 40 pin PDIP
•High-performance, Low-power 8-bit Microcontroller
•Operating voltage 4.5V - 5.5V
•Advanced RISC Architecture
•131 Powerful Instructions –
•Most Single-clock Cycle Execution
• 32 x 8 General Purpose Working Registers
•High Endurance Non-volatile Memory segments
•32 Programmable I/O Lines
•Speed 0 - 16 MHz

12. LCD:
 A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel display
 It uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals (LCs).
 LCDs Applications:
 Computer monitors,
 Television,
 Instrument panels,signage, etc.
 LCDs have replaced cathode ray tube (CRT) displays in most
applications.

13. LCD PINOUT:

14. RELAY:

15. WORKING OF RELAY:
 A relay is an electrically operated switch.
 The coil current can be on or off so relays have two switch
positions and they are double throw (changeover) switches.
 Relays allow one circuit to switch a second circuit which can
be completely separate from the first.
 It is also known as a sensing device.

16. Capacitor Bank
A capacitor bank is a group of several
capacitors of the same rating that are connected
in series or parallel with each other to store
electrical energy .
The resulting bank is then used to
counteract(resist) or correct a power factor lag
or phase shift in an alternative current (AC)
power supply. They can also be used in a direct
current (DC) power supply to increase the ripple
current capacity of the power supply or to
increase the overall amount of stored energy.

17. • Reactive power decreases
• Avoid poor voltage regulation
• Overloading is avoided
• Copper loss decreases
• Transmission loss decreases
• Improved voltage control
ADVANTAGES

18. Disadvantage
 They have short service life ranging from 8 to 10 years
 They are easily damaged if the voltage exceeds the rated value
 Once the capacitor is damaged, their repair is uneconomical.

19. Applications:
 Linear loads with low power factor (such as induction motors).
 A high power factor is generally desirable in a transmission system
to reduce transmission losses and improve voltage.
 Alarm signals for:
 failure to reach the target PF
 overcurrent in the capacitor
 Defects at capacitor stages

20. CONCLUSION:
 By observing all aspects of the power factor it is clear that power factor is the most
significant part for the utility company as well as for the consumer. Utility
companies get rid from the power losses while the consumers are free from low
power factor penalty charges
 Reduction of electricity bills
 Reactive power decreases

22. Thank You