3. DEFINITION
• “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and
social well-being and not merely an absence of
disease or infirmity”.
-WHO (1948)

4. CONCEPTS OF HEALTH
BIOMEDICAL
Absence of disease.
Person free from
disease is considered
as healthy
ECOLOGICAL
Dynamic equilibrium
between man and his
environment = health.
Maladjustment of
humans to
environment =
disease
PSYCHOLOGICAL
Development of
social sciences
revealed that health
is influenced by
social, psychological,
cultural, economic
and political factors .
HOLISTIC
Synthesis of all other
concepts.
Sound mind in a
sound body, in a
sound family, in
sound environment

5. DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH
PHYSICAL MENTAL SOCIAL
SPIRITUAL EMOTIONAL VOCATIONAL

6. DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH

7. DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH

8. FACTORS
AFFECTING
HEALTH

9. FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH
Gender: Men and women suffer from different types of diseases
at different ages.
Genetics - inheritance plays a part in determining lifespan,
healthiness and the likelihood of developing certain illnesses.
Personal behaviour and coping skills: balanced eating, keeping
active, smoking, drinking, and how we deal with life’s stresses and
challenges all affect health.

10. FACTORS AFFECTINGHEALTH
Physical environment : safe water and clean air, healthy workplaces, safe
houses, communities and roads all contribute to good health.
Employment and working conditions :people in employment are
healthier, particularly those who have more control over their working
conditions.
Social support networks – greater support from families, friends and
communities is linked to better health. Culture - customs and traditions,
and the beliefs of the family and community all affect health.

11. FACTORS AFFECTINGHEALTH
Education – low education levels are linked with poor health,
more stress and lower self-confidence.
income and social status - higher income and social status are
linked to better health. The greater the gap between the richest
and poorest people, the greater the differences in health.
Health services - access and use of services that prevent and
treat disease influences health.

12. Evidence base of health determinants
Energy
Waste
Transport
Food &
Agriculture
Industry
Water
Nutrition
& health
Housing
RadiationUrbanization

14. DISCUSSION