common sports injuries and rehabilitation exercise

1. COMMON SPORTS INJURIES
AND TREATMENT
MR. SACHIN S. PARSEKAR

2. SPORTS INJURIES
Sports injuries are injuries that occur when engaging in sports or exercise. Sports injuries can
occur due to overtraining, lack of conditioning, and improper form or technique. Failing to warm
up increases the risk of sports injuries. Bruises, strains, sprains, tears, and broken bones can
result from sports injuries. Soft tissues like muscles, ligaments, tendons, fascia, and bursae may
be affected. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is another potential type of sports injury.

3. TYPES OF INJURIES
• Acute injuries: Sudden injury Or A traumatic impact can cause
bone to crack, muscle tear or ligament damaged or tear.
• Eg. Sprain, strain, contusion, fracture
• Chronic injuries: Injury coursed by repetitive trauma. It may be
result of training error, too much physical activity with less
rest duration
• Eg. Heel injuries, knee injury. (Shin pain in marathon runner)

4. COMMON SPORTS INJURIES
• Sprain and strain
• Knee injury
• Shin splint
• Fracture
• Dislocation
• Tennis elbow
• Muscle cramps
• Back pain

5. STRAIN AND SPRAIN
• Sprain: it is injury to Ligament- stretching or tearing one or
more ligament.
• Forcing joint Out of normal capacity Can result in Sprain.
• Areas of sprain: Ankle, knee, wrist, thumb, neck.

6. • Strain: it is an injury to muscle or tendon.
• Strain may be simple, overstretched of the muscle or tendons
or it can result in partial or complete tear
• Areas of strain: neck, back, thigh, hamstring, calf

7. • Signs of sprain: pain, swelling, bruising, Loss of ability to move
joint
• Signs of steain: pain, muscle spasm, muscle weakness,
swelling, inflammation, loss of muscle function
• Treatment for sprain and strain
1. Stage reduce swelling: PRICE, consult Doctor, severe injury
surgery
2. Stage is rehabilitation: Exercise to prevent stiffness, improve
range of motion, restore joint to normal flexibility and
strength

8. EXERCISE
• Therapeutic exercises to strengthen and stretch the muscles surrounding the affected joint
• Joint mobilization techniques performed by the therapist to the affected joint
• Heat, ice, and/or electrical stimulation

9. PREVENTION
• Healthy, well balance diet to keep muscle strong
• Wear proper fitting shoes and equipment
• Do stretching exercises daily
• Proper Physical condition to play sports
• Warm up stretch before participating
• Avoid exercising or playing sports when tired or in pain
• Run on even surfaces

10. KNEE INJURY
• Knee injury caused by Twisting or bending forced applied To
knee Or direct imapct or fall during sports activities
• Common knee injury includes sprain, Dislocation, fracture Tear

11. Symptoms and signs:
1. acute injury course pain and swelling, difficulty in bending
and problem in weight bearing
2. Pain in walking
3. Instability of knee or grinding in knee

12. TREATMENT
• PRICE therapy
• Improve joint mobility by consulting doctor
• Using wheelchair if necessary and incase of severe injury
surgery should be done
Exercise
1. Strengthening of quadriceps

13. • Hamstrings, calf and hip strengthening

14. SHIN SPLINTS
• A shin splint is when pain along the shin bone (tibia) occurs. This
pain is usually at front outer part of lower leg.
• Shin splint are common with runners, when the running techniques,
running shoes that lack proper support, or having flat feet can
contribute to shin splints.
• This injury may refer to condition as medial tibial stress syndrome
• Shin splint Likely to develop if athletes participate in start-stop
sports such as tennis , soccer, or basketball.

16. • Couses of shin splints:
1. muscle weakness in thighs or buttocks
2. Improper training techniques
3. Improper shoes
4. Shin splints are also more likely to occur when leg muscle and
tendons are tired

17. Symptoms of shin splints:
1. Muscle pain
2. Pain in shin even when your resting
3. Pain that develops during exercise
• Treatment:
1. PRICE
2. Exercises

18. EXERCISE

19. FRACTURE
• A break in bone or cartilage. Although usually a result
of trauma.
• Fracture is commonly referred to broken bone, fracture are a
fairly common sports injury caused by a one time injury to
bone ( acute fracture)

20. TYPES OF FRACTURES
Hairline fracture – a partial fracture of the bone. Sometimes this type of fracture is harder to
detect with routine xrays.
Greenstick fracture – the bone partly fractures on one side, but does not break completely
because the rest of the bone can bend. This is more common among children, whose bones are
softer and more elastic.
.

21. • Spiral fracture – a fracture where at least one part of the bone has been twisted.
Comminuted fracture – the bone is shattered into many pieces.
.

22. Stress fracture – more common among athletes. A bone breaks
because of repeated stresses and strains
Compound fracture- also known as open fracture, the bone
breaks through the skin

23. SYMPTOMS OF BROKEN BONE
• Swelling and pain
• Deformaty of arm or leg
• Loss of function in injured area

24. PREVENTION
• Protective equipment
• Balance diet
• Improve strength

25. TREATMENT
• If bone may be broken in back, neck, or hip, we should not
move that person
• Setting bone is called “reduction” , repositioning bone without
surgery is “closed reduction”. Mostly children are treated with
close reduction. But serious fracture may require close
reductions
• Putting of splints or support

26. HEALING OF FRACTURE
• Stretching exercises to regain joint range of movement
• Joint manual therapy and mobilizations to assist in regaining joint mobility
• Structured and progressive strengthening regime

27. DISLOCATION
• A Dislocation occur when a force pushes the bones in a joint
out of alignment
• A painfull injury Temporary Deforms and immobilization of that
joint.
• The discolored bone may be able to put back in place, but the
connective tissue surrounding the joint may have severe
damage
• This injury is common in finger, shoulder, elbow, knee and hip

29. SYMPTOMS OF DISLOCATION
• Swelling
• Area is red or discolored
• Loss of motion
• Strange shape or deformed as a result of dislocation

30. TREATMENT
• PRICE
• Repositioning by doctor
• Rehabilitation Exercise
• Stretching exercises to regain joint range of movement
• Joint manual therapy and mobilizations to assist in regaining joint
mobility
• Structured and progressive strengthening
• Muscles around that joint should be strengthened to prevent reinjury.

31. TENNIS ELBOW
• Tennis elbow or lateral epicondylitis is painful condition coused
to elbow by overuse injury
• Tennis elbow Is inflammation of Tendon that joins forearm
muscles to outside on outside of the elbow.
• Forearm muscle and tendons get damaged due to repeating
same motion again and again

33. SYMPTOMS OF TENNIS ELBOW
• Pain when lifting some objects
• Pain when raising hands or straighten wrist.
• Pain is when moving hand or squeezing object
• Pain even while brushing, opening her, washing utensils.

34. TREATMENT
• PRICE
• Using elbow straps to protect injured elbow from further
damage
• Performing range of motion exercise to reduce stiffness and
increase flexibility ( 2 or 3 times a day)
• Physical therapy to strengthen and stretch muscles

35. • Surgery, If having a severe case tennis elbow that doesn’t
respond to two or four months treatment.
• After surgery follow rehabilitation procedures to recover faster

36. PREVENTION
• Avoid overuse or over training
• Using of wrong equipment leads to overuse injury
• Learn right techniques
• Stretch and warm up before sports activities

37. MUSCLE CRAMPS
• A muscle is forcibly contraction of muscle that does not relax.
• Usually happens with voluntary muscles
• Commonly affect areas of back, arms, thighs, hamstrings, calf
muscle.
• It is an sudden sharp pain last for sometime.
• Due to loss of excessive fluids
• Sodium depletion has association with cramps

38. PREVENTION OF MUSCLE CRAMPS
• Before activity: Good hydration before activity, especially
duration gonna exceed one hour, replacement of lost
electrolytes. ( sodium, potassium) can help excessive fatigue,
especially in warm weather
• During activity: intake of water is essential at regularl intervals
• Post exercise: Consuming beverage and snacks with sodium
will help in complete recovery by stimulating thirst and to fluid
retention

39. SYMPTOMS
• Person is unable to move muscle
• Sudden sharp pain
• You may feel hard lump Of muscle tissue beneath skin.

40. TREATMENT
• Examine
• Stretching of muscle
• Gently massage the muscle will often relax.
• Hot and cold therapy

41. LOWER BACK PAIN
• Back pain is categorized into two types
• Acute: back pain comes suddenly
• Chronic: the pain Gradually develops over a period of time
• Back pain associated with the way our bones, muscle and ligaments
in our body works together
• Pain in lower back may be linked to bonus lumber spine, discs,
between the vertebrae, ligaments around the spine, lower back
muscle , abdominal and pelvic internal organs.

43. FACTORS AFFECTIN BACK PAIN
• Obesity
• Pregnancy
• Age
• Smoking
• Strenuous physical exercise (essentially if not done properly)
• Strenuous physical work

44. PREVENTION
Exercise: it will build strength and keep body weight in control
Core strengthening exercise: include abdominal and back
muscles, which will protect back
Flexibility: aim to improve of hip and upper legs
Avoid smoking: smoker is at higher risk of back pain
Posture when standing: Stand upright, weight evenly balanced
on both feet

45. TREATMENT FOR BACK PAIN
• Careful attention and home treatment.
• Consulting doctor or physio therapist
• Resting is helping, but should not usually last more than a
couple of days.
• Proper rehabilitation exercise

46. EXERCISE FOR REHABILITATION
• Bottom to heels stretch.
• Action: slowly take your bottom back. Maintain the natural
curve in spine. Hold the stretch for one deep breath and return
to the starting position. Repeat 8 to 10 times.

47. • Knee rolls:
• Action: roll your knees to one side, followed by your pelvis,
keeping both shoulders on the floor. Hold the stretch for one
deep breath and return back to starting position
• Move as far as feel comfortable and place pillow between your
knees

48. • Back extension:
• Action: Keep your neck long, arch your back up by pushing
down on your hands. You should feel a gentle stretch in the
stomach muscle as you arch backward. Breath during exercise
for 5 to 10 sec
• Note: don’t bend your neck backward, keep hip grounded.

49. Bridge pose:
Action: Rest flat on back, rest palm on ground , bent your knees.
Gently raise hip hold for few sec and come down
Note: tighten back muscle while performing exercises

50. • Bird dog(Alternate both the side):
• Action: begin both the hand and knees on the ground, raise
alternate hand and leg up straight.
• hold for few sec and come down
• Try this for both the side
• Note: perform as you feel comfortable and listen to your body .

51. CONCLUSION
During injury: PRICE, using of cold treatment for 72 hours or till
pain is reduced
• Treatment: consult doctor, take necessary treatmenti. I.e-
surgery if necessary or therapies

52. JOINT MOBILIZATION
• It is used to increase joint mobility.
• Gentle movement may be used in severe case. Take proper care
There should not be pain while performing movement exercises
1. Passive exercise
2. Active exercise

53. PASSIVE EXERCISE
• It is to achieve normal range of motion. Exercise assisted by
Someone else.
• Improve blood flow and sensory awareness of affected joint and
limbs.
• Treatment should be involved flexing and extending the limbs
through normal pain free range of motion
• Should be performed 2-3 times a day.

54. ACTIVE EXERCISE
• Active exercises involve your physical effort exerted into muscular activity.
• These exercises can include active range of motion, like self-stretching, or general stroke
rehabilitation exercises where you move your muscles through therapeutic movements.
• As long as you’re doing the exercises yourself, it’s active exercise
• Helps to improve muscle strength, coordination and functioning of that joint or muscle.
• Aim is to developing, improving, restoring and maintaining fitness eg. Strength, flexibility, stability,
coordination and balance

55. 1. Strength:
• Gradually overloading targeted muscle.
• Starting with few repeatations, to activate motor units.
2 . Endurance:
• Muscle Endurance is developed, muscle can sustain Langer
number of contraction over period of time low intensity activity
for prolonged time ( atleast 15 mins )

56. 3 . Flexibility:
• It can improved with passive and active stretching .
4 . Stability
• It is to achieve stable base for functioning.
• Focus more on trunk, shoulder and extremities movements

57. 5 . Coordination and balance:
• Performing complex movements with right timing and essential
motor functioning as in ability to maintain C.G

58. THANK YOU