National Conference on Alternative building Technologies and green Buildings. Concept of Green buildings and high performance buildings discussed in the framework of sustainability and assessment of impact of Built environment on natural environment.

1. Concept of
Sustainability and
High Performance
Buildings
23rd March, 2017

2.  Definitions
 Detrimental Effects
 Sustainability
 HPBs
 LCA
 Embodied Energy
Contents
 Interactions
 Building Ratings
 Sustainable Design
 Green Materials
 Case Study
 Conclusion

3. Natural Environment comprises of all living and
non-living things naturally existing in a given
environment.

4. Built Environment, refers to human made surroundings
that help human survival with comfort.

5. Built Environment interacts with
Natural environment in various
ways. Throughout their life
cycle, from Pre construction to
Post Construction and then
demolition, they consume
resources in the form of energy,
water, materials, etc. and emit
wastes.

6. Green House Gasses (GHG)
A greenhouse gas is any
gaseous compound in the
atmosphere that is capable of
absorbing infrared radiation,
thereby trapping and holding
heat in the atmosphere. By
increasing the heat in the
atmosphere, greenhouse
gases are responsible for
the greenhouse effect,
which ultimately leads to
global warming.

8. Global
Warming
Global Warming is the
increase of Earth's average
surface temperature due to
effect of greenhouse gases,
such as carbon dioxide
emissions from burning
fossil fuels or from
deforestation, which trap
heat that would otherwise
escape from Earth.

9. Global Warming

10. Average Global
Temperature
According to NASA, the average Global
Temperature on Earth has increased by about 0.8°
Celsius (1.4° Fahrenheit) since 1880. Two-thirds of
the warming has occurred since 1975, at a rate of
roughly 0.15-0.20°C per decade.
Global Mean Surface air
temperature estimated
14°C (57°F), with an
uncertainty of several
tenths of a degree.

11. Global Warming Potentials (GWPs)
Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) are a quantified
measure of the globally averaged relative radiative
forcing impacts of a particular greenhouse gas. It is
defined as the cumulative radiative forcing – both
direct and indirect effects – integrated over a
period of time from the emission of a unit mass of
gas relative to some reference gas (IPCC 1996).
Carbon dioxide (CO2) was chosen by the IPCC as
this reference gas and its GWP is set equal to one
(1). GWP values allow you to compare the impacts
of emissions and reductions of different gases.

12. Global Warming Potential (GWP)

15. Urban Heat Island
Effect

16. RECENT COP21
SUMMIT HELD AT
PARIS , CALLS FOR
RESTRICTING
GLOBAL AVERAGE
TEMPERATURE NOT
TO EXCEED 2 0
C.
195 COUNTRIES
PARTICIPATED.
JOINT PLEDGE.
GREAT CONCERN.
Need of the Hour is !!!

17. LCA - SYSTEM BOUNDARIES
C TO G - C TO S – C TO G – C TO C

18. CRADLE TO CRADLE

19. Embodied Energy
Embodied energy is the total non-renewable energy
that goes into the manufacture of a material and plays
a large role in the choice of building materials. It is an
important factor to consider when assessing the life
cycle of a building and it relates directly to the
sustainability of the built environment.
EMBODIED
ENERGY (EE)
INITIAL EMBODIED ENERGY
RECURRING EMBODIED
ENERGY
OPERATIONAL ENERGY

20. WE START
HERE

21. COMPLEX
ENVIRONMENTAL
INTERACTION
PHENOMENA
CONSTRUCTI
ON
MATERIALS
EMBODIED
ENERGY
GLOBAL
WARMING
SUSTAINABILIT
Y
SYNERGI
C EFFECT
TETRAHEDRONMODEL

22. BUZZ WORDS OF TODAY
Eco Friendly Buildings (EFB’s), Green Buildings,
Sustainable Buildings, Energy Efficient Buildings
– are a few buzz words in today’s construction
scenario. All these essentially fall under the
ambit of one big umbrella
High Performance Buildings (HFB’s)

23. .
What is a Green Building?
A Green Building, also known as a sustainable
building, a High Performance Building, is a
structure that is designed, built, renovated,
operated, or re-used in an ecological and
resource efficient manner
“A green building is one
which uses less water,
optimizes energy efficiency,
conserves natural resources,
generates less waste and
provides healthier spaces for
occupants as compared to a
conventional building”.
Source: shiva9990/energy-efficiency-in-green-building

24. Protecting occupant’s health
Improving productivity
Using energy, water and other resources more efficiently
Reducing overall impact to the environment
Optimal environmental and economic performance
Satisfying and quality indoor spaces
Objectives of a
Green Building

25. High Performance Buildings in India can be
defined as buildings that have integrated
bioclimatic solar passive architectural design
strategies and energy efficiency measures as
recommended by ECBC.
When High Performance Buildings integrate
Building Automation for optimizing the services
and better monitoring, they become :
‘High Performance Smart Buildings’
High Performance Building-HPB

26. • REDUCED ENERGY & WATER CONSUMPTION
• CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES
• LIMITED WASTE GENERATION
• REDUCED POLLUTION LOADS
• IMPROVED INDOOR AIR QUALITY
• REDUCTION OF CONSTRUCTION WASTE
• RECYCLING POSSIBILITY
• BETTER HUMAN, ORGANISATIONAL PERFORMANCE
Advantages / Benefits of HPB

27. • MINIMIZE RESOURCE CONSUMPTION ( CONSERVE)
• MAXIMIZE RESOURCE REUSE
• USE RENEWABLE / RECYCLABLE RESOURCES
• PROTECT NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
• CREATE HEALTHY NON TOXIC AMBIENCE
• APPLY LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS
• BUILD QUALITY BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Design Considerations

28. WHAT IS
SUSTAINABL
E
DESIGN

29. HPB is the practice of minimizing the
impact a building has on the environment
AVERAGE SAVINGS OF GREEN BUILDINGS

30. High Performance Components

31. Building Automation Components

32. • Light controls, Water Control
• Access control (Egress and Entry to a house),
• Fire detection, Burglar alarm system
• Electricity monitoring & control,
• Security information including Video Camera
• Control of home appliances
• Garage Door & Entrance gate operation
• Pre-programmed Retractable sunshades
• And many more such activities......
Building Automation Features

33. Good Indoor
Air Quality Good Indoor air quality
encompasses factors as
maintenance of
acceptable temperature,
relative humidity, control
of airborne contaminants,
and adequate ventilation.
Thermal comfort begins
with good design, proper
building management, and
seeks to avoid uneven
temperatures, radiant
heat gains or losses (e.g.,
from window areas),
draftiness, stuffiness,
excessive dryness, or
high relative humidity .

34. Green Building Ratings
A green building rating system is an evaluation tool
that measures environmental performance of a building
through its life cycle.
It comprises of a set of criteria covering various
parameters related to design, construction and
operation of a green building.
Each criterion has pre-assigned points and sets
performance benchmarks and goals that are largely
quantifiable.
A project is awarded points once it fulfils the rating
criteria.
Globally, green building rating systems are largely
voluntary in nature.

35. Green Building Ratings

36. Green Building Rating
Systems
BREEAM LEED GREEN STAR CASBEE
Excellent Platinum Six Star
Very Good Gold Five Star S
Good Silver Four Star A
Pass Certified Three Star B+
Two Star B
One Star C
Table showing Grading Points (Source: BRE 2008)

37. Green Building Rating systems in India
GRIHA (Green Rating for integrated habitat
assessment) is India’s own rating system
jointly developed by TERI and the Ministry of
New and Renewable Energy, Government of
India.
IGBC rates green buildings in four
different categories: IGBC green homes,
IGBC green factory building, LEED India for
new construction, LEED India for core and
shell.

38. Rating system for buildings based
on 1 to 5 stars scale. More stars
mean more energy efficiency.
Bee has developed the Energy
Performance Index (EPI). The unit of
kilo watt hours per square meter
per year is considered for rating the
building and especially targets air
conditioned and non-air
conditioned office building
BEE (Bureau of Energy Efficiency)

39. Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC)
The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE),
Government of India, launched the
ECBC-Energy Conservation Building Code-in
2007 for commercial buildings with peak demand
in excess of 500 kW. Analysis done during the
development of the ECBC shows energy savings
in the range of 27%–40% in an ECBC-compliant
building over a typical commercial building with an
annual energy consumption of 200 kWh/m2
.

40. 5-APPLICABLE BUILDING
SYSTEMS
ENVELOPE
HVAC
LIGHTING
ELECTRICAL POWER
SOLAR WATER &
PUMPING
M
A
N
D
A
T
O
R
Y
WHOLE BUILDING
PERFORMANCE
METHOD (WBP)
PRESCRIPTIVE
METHOD
COMPLIANCE
APPROACHES
ECBC COMPLIANCE PROCESS
ENVELOPE
HVAC
LIGHTING
ELECTRICAL
POWER

41. India’s First Green Building
Some High Performance Buildings

42. Perfect blend of traditional and contemporary architecture.
Energy simulation undertaken to orient the building minimizing
the heat ingress while allowing natural daylight to penetrate
abundantly.
The green building boasts a 50% saving in overall energy
consumption, 35 % reduction in potable water consumption and
usage of 80% of recycled / recyclable material.
CII – Sohrabji Godrej Green
Business Centre Hyderabad.
The first LEED Platinum rated
green building in India.
Built-up Area1900 Sqm; 4.5
acres plot.

43. Salient Features
 Building Management Systems (BMS) installed for real time
monitoring of energy consumption.
 The use of aerated concrete blocks for facades reduces the load on
air-conditioning by 15-20%.
 Double-glazed units with argon gas filling between the glass panes
enhance the thermal properties.
 Zero Water Discharge Building All of the wastewater, including grey
and black water, generated in the building is treated biologically
through a process called the Root Zone Treatment System. The
treated water is used for landscaping
 Materials and Resources 80% of the materials used in the building
are sourced within 500 miles from the project site.

44.  Most of the construction material also uses post-consumer and
industrial waste as a raw material during the manufacturing
process.
 Fly-ash based bricks, glass, aluminum, and ceramic tiles, which
contain consumer and industrial waste, are used in constructing the
building to encourage the usage of recycled content.
 Office furniture is made of bagasse based composite wood. More
than 50% of the construction waste is recycled within the building or
sent to other sites and diverted from landfills.
 20% of the building energy requirements are catered to by solar
photovoltaic. The solar PV has an installed capacity of 23.5 kW.
Indoor Air Quality Indoor air quality is continuously monitored.
 The use of low volatile organic compound (VOC) paints and
coatings, adhesives, sealants, and carpets also helps to improve
indoor air quality.
Salient Features

45. Salient Features  Fenestration maximized on the north orientation
 Rain water harvesting
 Water-less urinals in men’s restroom
 Water-efficient fixtures
 Energy-efficient lighting systems
 Roof garden covering 60% of building area
 Large vegetative open spaces
 Storm water collection
 Maximum day lighting
IncrementalCost
6-8%
andPayback
time4years
Benefits:
No Artificial Lighting in Day time
– 120000 KWh energy savings
per year- Excellent Indoor air
Quality- High Productivity- 20 to
30% saving in usage of potable
water.
Reduction in CO2
emissions-100 tons
/ year

46. • Rooftop solar panels
• Increased insulation
• Energy efficient Windows
• Programmable thermostats
• Low VOCs in paints,
• Green building materials
• Water efficient plumbing
fixtures
• Compact florescent lighting
• Landscaping with native
plants
• Water conservation measures
Typical HPB
DURING
CONSTRUCTION

47. SUZLON ONE - BUILDING , PUNE

48. ITC GREEN CENTER

49. ECO FRIENDLY
CONSTRUCTION
BUILDINGS
CONCEPT
STAGE
DESIGN STAGE
MATERIAL
SELECTIONIMPLEMENTATION
STAGE
DURING
CONSTRUCTION
POST
CONSTRUCTION
STAGE
STAGES OF HPB CONSTRUCTION
Integratedapproach

50. CONCEPT
STAGE
Design considerations and Energy
Conservation Measures
strategically vary from place to
place as functions of climatic
parameters. India has been divided
into five climate zones- Hot and
Dry, Hot and Humid, Composite,
Cold and Moderate. EFBs designed
under these varying climatic
conditions will also exhibit varying
energy efficient features depending
on the type of building.

51. World over, the construction
industry is seen as a major
consumer of energy
resources. As a result, there
has been a conscious
movement in the industry to
address this issue.
Architects and Engineers are
trying techniques that are
termed :
‘ Eco Friendly
CONCEPT
STAGE

52. DESIGN STEPS
1. CALCULATE ACTUAL BILL OF QUANTITIES OF VARIOUS
INPUT MATERIALS.
2. USING EMBODIED ENERGY AND EMBODIED CARBON DATA
INVENTORY TABLES CALCULATE THE TOTAL ENERGY
CONSUMED BY THE BUILDING. ( THIS EXCLUDES
OPERATIONAL PHASE OF THE BUILDING)
3. APPLY RECYCLABILITY CRITERIA WHEREVER POSSIBLE.
4. CALCULATE THE ACTUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION
DURING OPERATIONAL PHASE OF THE BUILDING.
5. ARRIVE AT TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMED.
6. REPEAT THE EXERCISE WITH LOW ENERGY ALTERNATIVE
MATERIALS TO ACHIEVE LOW ENERGY BUILDING.

53. MATERIAL
SELECTION
WHY ECO-FRIENDLY MATERIALS?
 Production of
building materials
leads to irreversible
environmental
impacts.
 Phenomenal
growth in the
construction industry
that depends upon
depletable
resources.
EMBODIED
ENERGY

55. MATERIAL
SELECTION
• Choose products
with the least
toxic
manufacturing
process
• Choose products
that are
manufactured with
the least energy
intensive
processes
• Consider reused
building materials
• Specify
sustainable
products,
preferably

56. NEW GEN BUILDING MATERIALS
• BENDABLE CONCRETE
• SELF HEALING CONCRETE
• TRANSLUCENT CONCRETE
• ELECTRIFIED WOOD
• BIO ENGINEERED BRICKS
• SENSITILES
• ELECTROCHROMIC GLASS
• LIQUID GRANITE
• CARBON FIBERS
• BIOMIMICRY
• COMPOSITES
• ECO BRICKS
• BASALT RODS
• CONCRETE LUMBERS
• INTELLIGENT FIXTURES
• FACADES AND PANELS
• SOLAR FILMS
• INTELLIGENT FACADES
MATERIALS

57. ELECTROCHROMIC SMART GLASS
MATERIAL
SELECTION
Nano technology
in manufacture
that regulates
reflectivity and
transparency of
glass.

58. Green technology, like solar power, may seem
pricey up front compared, but over a lifetime of
use, you'll end up saving on energy costs.
Solar PowerMATERIALS

59. A cool roof improves the interior temperature
of a building, either by reflecting intense heat
or trapping the air inside.
GreenRoofsMATERIALS

60. Rammed
Earth
Brick
An office building for Leeds, UK that features a modern façade
formed from Rammed Earth. The project employs a variety of
Passive Design principles and also harvests solar energy to help
run the building’s electrical and cooling systems. The result is a
building built-to-last that showcases the best of passive and
active green building strategies.
MATERIALS

61. LIQUID GRANITE
BENDABLE CONCRETE
TRANSLUCENT CONCRETE
SENSITILES
MATERIALS

62. ELECTRIFIED WOOD
FLYASH UNFIRED -ECO BRICKS
BARK SIDINGS AND SHINGLES
MATERIALS

63. BIO ENGINEERED BRICKS
Flip A Switch And An
ELECTROCHROMIC Window
Can Change From Clear To
Fully Darkened Or Any
Level Of Tint In-between.
SAND AND
BACTERIA
FOR
HARDENIN
G
MATERIALS

64. Blocks are stacked without mortar, and
the center core of the stacked blocks
is filled with grout to form a solid
concrete core that separates the other
two air cores.
MATERIALS
Mortar Less Blocks

65. AUTOCLAVED AERATED CONCRETE BLOCKS
Benefits:
• Completely recyclable
• Precisely dimensioned
• Allow rapid
construction
• Requires less on site
adjustment
• Increased
MATERIALS

66. 1. High performance Concrete ( HPC )
2. Self Compacting Concrete (SCC)
3. Fiber Reinforced concrete (FRC)
4. Polymer Modified Concrete (PMC)
5. High Volume Flyash Concrete (HVFC)
6. Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC)
7. Self Healing Concrete / Bacterial
Concrete
DURING
CONSTRUCTION
CONCRETE

67. Steel and
Cement are
the most
used raw
materials
on Planet
Earth.
Developing Nations:
Steel – 129 Kg /Person/Yr
Cement –222 kg/person/yr

68. Construction Mechanisation
DURING
CONSTRUCTION
• Speed of Construction
• Timely Completion
• Quality Maintenance
• Cost Effectiveness
• Higher Productivity
• Reduced Manpower
• Worker Safety

69. REINFORCEMENT
DURING
CONSTRUCTION

70. MONOLITHIC
CONSTRUCTION
The benefits of using aluminum forms are superior to the old
method of plywood forming for formed cast-in-place concrete.
Apart from the dimensional stability of the forms, the overall
quality of the pour seems much better with tighter tolerances.
DURING
CONSTRUCTION

71. SLIP FORM TECHNOLOGY
DURING
CONSTRUCTION

72. PRECAST
TECHNOLOG
Y
DURING
CONSTRUCTION

73. DURING
CONSTRUCTION

74. PRE ENGINEERED
BUILDINGS

75. AUTO LEVEL
PLASTERING MACHINES
DURING
CONSTRUCTION

76. A Net - Zero Energy
building is one that
relies on renewable
sources to produce
as much energy as
it uses, usually as
measured over the
course of a year.
Net Zero Energy Buildings

77. SUSTAINABILITY
“ Sustainable development refers to a mode of
human development in which resource use aims
to meet human needs while preserving the
environment so that these needs can be met not
only in the present, but also for future
generations to come”

78. SLIDESHARE PPT LINKS
www.slideshare.net/sabnisajit/smart-cities-sustainable-
devmadurai?qid=a04d6623-41f2-448e-bd8e-
3a51d3582cfe&v=&b=&from_search=1
www.slideshare.net/sabnisajit/an-overview-of-emerging-trends-
in-construction-technologies?qid=63d1f452-896e-4c47-8c18-
0fed6b811b66&v=&b=&from_search=2
www.slideshare.net/sabnisajit/low-enrgy-buildings-as-trend-
setters?qid=3e7055fa-122d-4e25-a7b6-
249766487ce4&v=&b=&from_search=4
www.slideshare.net/sabnisajit/redecon-2016-international-
conference-on-tall-structures?qid=2531e57e-9d76-4421-8da6-
38fe37071ed8&v=&b=&from_search=1

79. THANK YOU
ALL