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Classification microorganism
1.
2. Classification of Microorganism
Classification : Arrangement of organisms into
groups
Taxonomy: The study and grouping of organisms
Or Organizing, classifying and naming living things
Numerical taxonomy
Phylogenetic taxonomy
5. Archaea Domain: are prokaryotic cells which are typically
characterized by membranes that are branched hydrocarbon chains
attached to glycerol by ether linkages.
Bacteria Domain: are prokaryotic cells just like Archaea, their
membranes are made of unbranched fatty acid chains attached to
glycerol by ester linkages.
Cyanobacteria and mycoplasmas are the best examples of bacteria.
Eukarya Domain: are eukaryotic cells which have membranes that
are pretty similar to that of bacteria. Eukaryote are further grouped into
Kingdom Protista (algae, protozoans), Kingdom Fungi (yeast, mold),
Kingdom Plantae (flowering plants, ferns) and Kingdom Animalia
(insects, vertebrates).
Not all Eukaryotes have a cell wall, and even if they do they don't
contain peptidoglycan as bacteria do.
6. Fungus, Fungi
Eukaryotic
Unicellular = yeast
Multicellular = molds, mushrooms
Use preformed organic matter in environment for nutrition via
hyphae
Cell wall contains chitin
Most beneficial in decomposition
Some pathogenic (external and internal)
Examples: Ringworm, Cryptococcus, Blastomycosis
8. Algae
eukaryotes (cells have organelles)
mostly photosynthetic, like plants:
Have photosynthetic pigments
Many accessory pigments – blue, red, brown, gold
Require moist environments because they lack a waxy cuticle
(remember: cuticle prevents water loss in terrestrial plants)
10. Protozoa
Eukaryotic
Unicellular
Lack cell wall
Classified based on movement (ciliates, flagellates, pseduopods)
Photosynthetic or absorb/ingest/recycle nutrients from
decomposing organisms
Pathogenic if access nutrients from living organisms
Examples: Amoebas, Trypanosomes, Giardia, Coccidia
14. Mycoplasma
Diameter=0.1-0.25 µm. They lack cell wall, are bounded by a
single triple-layered membrane.
They are the smallest organisms capable of self-reproduction.
The colony is “fried egg” appearance.
Several of them cause diseases in humans. (pneumonia,
respiratory tract disease)
16. Viruses
Acellular
Nucleic acid core of EITHER DNA or RNA (not both)
Protein coat surrounds nucleic acid core
+ /- lipid membrane envelope
Primary function is to reproduce/replicate, only in living tissues
Not considered living organisms, outside host are inert
Multiply in host cells, destroying cells in process -> tissue degradation
Other viral modifications
Virion : virus outside of the host
Viroid : RNA virus without capsid [Ebola, HIV-type 1]
Prions : protein infectious pathogens: biological activity without RNA or DNA,
possible misfolding of protein --> CNS diseases [Mad Cow, Scrapie]
18. Rickettsia
0.2-0.5µm in diameter. obligate intracellular parasites. The
majority of them are gram-negative and multiply only within host
cells.
Binary fission within host cells.They lack the enzymatic capability
to produce sufficient amounts of ATP to support their reproduction.
They obtain the ATP from host cells.
Many species of them cause disease in humans and
other animals.