pronunciation of the final -ed in english

1. /d/ Verbs ending in voiced sound All the vowel sounds and /b,g,ʒ,dʒ,z,v,ð,m,n,ŋ,j,w,l/ /id/ All the verbs ending in sound /t/ or /d/

2. verbs ending in unvoiced sound /p,k,∫,t∫,f,s,θ,h/ PRONUNCIATION stop /stɒpt/ look /lʊkt/ wash /wɒʃt/ watch +-ed /wɒtʃt/ laugh /lɑːft/ pass /pɑːst/ loath /ləʊθt/

3. Verbs ending in voiced sound All the vowel sounds and /b,g,ʒ,dʒ,z,v,ð,m,n,ŋ,j,w,l/ PRONUNCIATION play played /pleɪd/ rob robbed /rɒbd/ brag bragged /brægd/ order ordered /ˈɔː.dərd/ judge judged /dʒʌdʒd/ hum hummed /hʌmd/ rain rained /reɪnd/ wave waved /weɪvd/ close closed (s = /Z/) /kləʊzd/

4. /id/ ALL THE VERBS ENDING IN SOUND /t/ AND /d/ start started /sta:tɪd/ need needed / ni:dɪd/ wait waited /weɪtɪd/ decide decided /dɪˈsaɪd//