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Selling Celluloid
Behind the scenes
Maslow’s pyramid

         Self actualization

           Esteem needs

    Belongingness & love needs

           Safety needs

  Biological & physiological needs
Overview of Indian Movie Industry
 India is the world's largest producer of films by volume.
 Revenue wise, it accounts for only 1 percent of global film
  industry revenues.
 Revenue generated: 2.2 billion USD(2008); growth: 13.4%.
 It can be mainly divided in two segments.
    Hindi Film Industry located in Mumbai
    Regional Film industries comprising mainly of Tamil,
      Telugu, Malayalam, Bhojpuri, Bengali etc
    Tamil and Telugu movies have largest share of regional
      movies.
Contd….
• Around 1000 movies each year.
• 4 billion tickets are being sold annually.
• 14 million viewers through the theatre each
  day.
• Ticket selling in broad as well.
Overview of Movie making process

Creation
             Financing   Shooting
of script

Hiring the               Processing
              Budget
core team                & release

             Location
 Casting
             hunting
Classification of movies
1   • Commercial movies

2   • Non- commercial movies

3
    • Documentaries movies

4   • Animated and children’s movies

5
    • Independent & guerrilla movies

6   • Regional movies
Major production houses in India
• Total: 36
  – Cinedreams
  – Rajshree
  – Yashraj Films
  – Mukta arts
  – Red chillies entertainment
  – KAS movie makers
  – Madras Talkies
Marketing – a definition

The process of creating and
      raising audience
 awareness of a new movie
Market Segmentation



    – Age
    – Region &
      language
Marketing Realms-
      4 Ps
Product
                               •Collectible editions

  •Educational content
                                  •Theatrical exhibit
  •Internet-served
                               •Non-theatrical exhibit

•Television and cable broadcast

            Games


                                      •Video tapes
•DVDs, CDs of the soundtrack
Price              Delayed broadcasts


                     Licenses
                                               Cable channels


                         Movies and games on cell phones,
                         on iPods -- on electronic billboards
                                                        Pay-per-view
Bundled deals
                          theatrical tickets
             Festivals

                             Title rentals
                                                         Title sales
 Downloads

       Special releases
                                                 Subscription services
Place
•   Traditional theatres and broadcast
•   Street corners
•   In homes
•   Over the internet
•   Over phones (caller tunes)
•   Through clubs
Distribution
Latest media gadget.

                        •Catalogues

        •The Internet       •Non-theatrical groups



•Sell-through stores
                               •Cell phones


     •Rental stores               •Theatres
Promotion



                          Exhibitors,
             Investors                              Family,
                           retailers,     End
                 &                                 Friends &
Producers                    Sub-       Consumer
            Distributor                               Co-
                          distributor       s
                 s                                  workers
                                s
Marketing Process
• Personal Opinions
• Based on Audience research – how they think
  public will react
• What the film might take at the box office
• When to release the film, taking into
  considerations competition from other films &
  holiday times
• Money to be spent on advertising
Distribution Agencies
Some of the distribution agencies in India:

  – Neptune Enterprise
  – Hugama
Ways of Marketing

               Promotio
                   n=
               generally
                licensed

   Publicity
    = Free
   marketi
      ng
                    Advertising =
                    paid for space
Promotion Strategy

   Traditional           e-marketing

                 BUZZ

                        Film festivals &
Television & Radio
                         Award shows
Traditional


                                         Muhurats
                              Music      & Parties
                              Releases
                   Promos &
                   Trailers
        Newspap
        ers,
        Magazine
Posters s &
&       Brochure
Hoardin s
gs
E-marketing
                                Guerilla
Pop-                            marketi
ups              Blogs            ng


         Websi                        Buzz
          tes                         Chat
 Re-                  Social          room
 vie                Networkin           s
 ws                  g Sites
       Viral
       Vide
        os
• 40 million internet users in India.
• Online promotions
• On portals like MSN: cost between INR 800k &
  1 million ($17-25K dollars).
• On Indiafm, Bollywood's #1 movie portal: INR
  50k to 1.2 million ($1100 -$26,100).
• Individual movie sites: traffic is booming, 12
  million page views /month as per Hungama
  (distributor).
• Striker: released in Youtube, which is available
  to US-based viewers at $4.99 (Rs230).
• Positive responses for Striker: the movie
  already has 7.67 lakh hits and it is expected to
  go further.
• 0.1764 billion USD.
Blair Witch Project-How Myth Became a
                 Reality
• It had a shoestring 6 figure budget.
• The film was shot by the lead actors (with
  the video camera and the 16mm) in a
  shaky cam style.
• This is probably the first movie to be
  marketed over the Internet
• It exploded into theaters, with
  phenomenal $55,000+ per screen
  averages, without the help of television
  or radio ads.
Music as a promotion tool
•   Music release party
•   Press release
•   On TV
•   In film festivals
•   Trailers of songs
•   Songs shot exclusively for promotions
Television & Radio

               News
              Channel
      TV
     Soaps
                 Reality
     Movie       Shows
     based
     series    Music &
                Movie
               Channel
          FM
Film Festivals & Award Shows
• Promotional tool
• Word of mouth publicity
• Positive publicity for the films which
  wins awards
• Interviews conducted
• Awards:
  – National: Film Fare Awards, National Film Awards,
    IIFA Awards, Stardust Awards, etc.
• International: Academy Awards, Canadian Film
  Awards, etc.
• Film festivals:
  – National: Goa Film Festival, Indian Film Festival,
    etc.
  – International: Cannes Film Festival, Berlin Film
    Festivals, etc.
Other Promotion Techniques
        Promotion Campaigns

         Guest Appearances

         World Wide Release

           Co Branding &
           Merchandising
              Preview
             Screening

              Mobile
World wide release

 • Tashan:
   – Collected £ 181,838 on 46 screens
     and debuted at number 13 in the U.K.
     charts.
   – Collected $ 301,226 in the U.S. and
     the film debuted at number 24 on 75
     screens.
   – Collected a total of $ 148,087 in
     Australia on 13 screens.
Celebrity branding
• Actors themselves are brands.
• Many of the times the movie clicks because
  of the actors.
• Promotion: through interviews in press & TV,
  appearing in TV serials & reality shows, talk
  shows.
• Controversies associated with them helps in
  promotion.
Regional Movies
• Fan clubs
• Big hoardings and cutouts
• Low budget movies
• High penetration in rural and sub-urban
  markets
• Customer sentiments with celebrities
Documentaries
• Based on reality
• Government supported
• Marketed through Internet and Word of
  Mouth
• IDFA – they have 80 documentaries and 80%
  of them are real master pieces – none got
  distribution
Indies

• Independent movies
• Mainly marketed through internet and word
  of mouth
• Very Low budget
• They were the first to use internet as a tool for
  marketing near late 1990s in Hollywood.
• In India movies like DevD, Bheja Fry can be
  considered as Indie movies.
Non-Commercial Movies
• In India Non-Commercial movies include Art
  or Parallel Cinema.
• Highly influenced by avant-garde cinema of
  Europe.
• Primarily is targeted at intellectual audience.
• Some movies like Do Bigha Zameen in 1950’s
  and Maachis in 90’s had commercial success
  too.
Animated & Children's’ Movies


• Target audience: Children
• Merchandising earns profit in loads.
• Dubbing by Bollywood and Hollywood
  celebrities.
Emerging Trends in Marketing
• Increased focus on packaging and marketing
  of movies
• Increase of global majors through Indian
  subsidiaries or alliances
• Higher focus on ROI & pay back period
• Production of niche films
• Timely completion
• 3d movies
Challenges
•   Consumer behavior
•   Budgetary constraints
•   Complexity of media business
•   Effective media planning
•   Film certification
•   Competitive releases
•   Piracy
Case study
References

• Book: Marketing
  Management by Kotler &
  Keller
• www.google.com
• http://www.filmeducation.
  org/pdf/film/JDredd.pdf
• www.scholar.google.com
• http://www.indiescene.net/
Abhinav
             Neelima
                Neha
             Saurabh
                MBA,
Pondicherry University

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Movies

  • 1.
  • 4. Maslow’s pyramid Self actualization Esteem needs Belongingness & love needs Safety needs Biological & physiological needs
  • 5. Overview of Indian Movie Industry  India is the world's largest producer of films by volume.  Revenue wise, it accounts for only 1 percent of global film industry revenues.  Revenue generated: 2.2 billion USD(2008); growth: 13.4%.  It can be mainly divided in two segments.  Hindi Film Industry located in Mumbai  Regional Film industries comprising mainly of Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Bhojpuri, Bengali etc  Tamil and Telugu movies have largest share of regional movies.
  • 6. Contd…. • Around 1000 movies each year. • 4 billion tickets are being sold annually. • 14 million viewers through the theatre each day. • Ticket selling in broad as well.
  • 7. Overview of Movie making process Creation Financing Shooting of script Hiring the Processing Budget core team & release Location Casting hunting
  • 8. Classification of movies 1 • Commercial movies 2 • Non- commercial movies 3 • Documentaries movies 4 • Animated and children’s movies 5 • Independent & guerrilla movies 6 • Regional movies
  • 9. Major production houses in India • Total: 36 – Cinedreams – Rajshree – Yashraj Films – Mukta arts – Red chillies entertainment – KAS movie makers – Madras Talkies
  • 10. Marketing – a definition The process of creating and raising audience awareness of a new movie
  • 11. Market Segmentation – Age – Region & language
  • 13. Product •Collectible editions •Educational content •Theatrical exhibit •Internet-served •Non-theatrical exhibit •Television and cable broadcast Games •Video tapes •DVDs, CDs of the soundtrack
  • 14. Price Delayed broadcasts Licenses Cable channels Movies and games on cell phones, on iPods -- on electronic billboards Pay-per-view Bundled deals theatrical tickets Festivals Title rentals Title sales Downloads Special releases Subscription services
  • 15. Place • Traditional theatres and broadcast • Street corners • In homes • Over the internet • Over phones (caller tunes) • Through clubs
  • 16. Distribution Latest media gadget. •Catalogues •The Internet •Non-theatrical groups •Sell-through stores •Cell phones •Rental stores •Theatres
  • 17. Promotion Exhibitors, Investors Family, retailers, End & Friends & Producers Sub- Consumer Distributor Co- distributor s s workers s
  • 18. Marketing Process • Personal Opinions • Based on Audience research – how they think public will react • What the film might take at the box office • When to release the film, taking into considerations competition from other films & holiday times • Money to be spent on advertising
  • 19. Distribution Agencies Some of the distribution agencies in India: – Neptune Enterprise – Hugama
  • 20. Ways of Marketing Promotio n= generally licensed Publicity = Free marketi ng Advertising = paid for space
  • 21. Promotion Strategy Traditional e-marketing BUZZ Film festivals & Television & Radio Award shows
  • 22. Traditional Muhurats Music & Parties Releases Promos & Trailers Newspap ers, Magazine Posters s & & Brochure Hoardin s gs
  • 23. E-marketing Guerilla Pop- marketi ups Blogs ng Websi Buzz tes Chat Re- Social room vie Networkin s ws g Sites Viral Vide os
  • 24. • 40 million internet users in India. • Online promotions • On portals like MSN: cost between INR 800k & 1 million ($17-25K dollars). • On Indiafm, Bollywood's #1 movie portal: INR 50k to 1.2 million ($1100 -$26,100). • Individual movie sites: traffic is booming, 12 million page views /month as per Hungama (distributor).
  • 25. • Striker: released in Youtube, which is available to US-based viewers at $4.99 (Rs230). • Positive responses for Striker: the movie already has 7.67 lakh hits and it is expected to go further. • 0.1764 billion USD.
  • 26. Blair Witch Project-How Myth Became a Reality • It had a shoestring 6 figure budget. • The film was shot by the lead actors (with the video camera and the 16mm) in a shaky cam style. • This is probably the first movie to be marketed over the Internet • It exploded into theaters, with phenomenal $55,000+ per screen averages, without the help of television or radio ads.
  • 27. Music as a promotion tool • Music release party • Press release • On TV • In film festivals • Trailers of songs • Songs shot exclusively for promotions
  • 28. Television & Radio News Channel TV Soaps Reality Movie Shows based series Music & Movie Channel FM
  • 29. Film Festivals & Award Shows • Promotional tool • Word of mouth publicity • Positive publicity for the films which wins awards • Interviews conducted
  • 30. • Awards: – National: Film Fare Awards, National Film Awards, IIFA Awards, Stardust Awards, etc. • International: Academy Awards, Canadian Film Awards, etc. • Film festivals: – National: Goa Film Festival, Indian Film Festival, etc. – International: Cannes Film Festival, Berlin Film Festivals, etc.
  • 31. Other Promotion Techniques Promotion Campaigns Guest Appearances World Wide Release Co Branding & Merchandising Preview Screening Mobile
  • 32. World wide release • Tashan: – Collected £ 181,838 on 46 screens and debuted at number 13 in the U.K. charts. – Collected $ 301,226 in the U.S. and the film debuted at number 24 on 75 screens. – Collected a total of $ 148,087 in Australia on 13 screens.
  • 33. Celebrity branding • Actors themselves are brands. • Many of the times the movie clicks because of the actors. • Promotion: through interviews in press & TV, appearing in TV serials & reality shows, talk shows. • Controversies associated with them helps in promotion.
  • 34.
  • 35. Regional Movies • Fan clubs • Big hoardings and cutouts • Low budget movies • High penetration in rural and sub-urban markets • Customer sentiments with celebrities
  • 36. Documentaries • Based on reality • Government supported • Marketed through Internet and Word of Mouth • IDFA – they have 80 documentaries and 80% of them are real master pieces – none got distribution
  • 37. Indies • Independent movies • Mainly marketed through internet and word of mouth • Very Low budget • They were the first to use internet as a tool for marketing near late 1990s in Hollywood. • In India movies like DevD, Bheja Fry can be considered as Indie movies.
  • 38. Non-Commercial Movies • In India Non-Commercial movies include Art or Parallel Cinema. • Highly influenced by avant-garde cinema of Europe. • Primarily is targeted at intellectual audience. • Some movies like Do Bigha Zameen in 1950’s and Maachis in 90’s had commercial success too.
  • 39. Animated & Children's’ Movies • Target audience: Children • Merchandising earns profit in loads. • Dubbing by Bollywood and Hollywood celebrities.
  • 40. Emerging Trends in Marketing • Increased focus on packaging and marketing of movies • Increase of global majors through Indian subsidiaries or alliances • Higher focus on ROI & pay back period • Production of niche films • Timely completion • 3d movies
  • 41. Challenges • Consumer behavior • Budgetary constraints • Complexity of media business • Effective media planning • Film certification • Competitive releases • Piracy
  • 43. References • Book: Marketing Management by Kotler & Keller • www.google.com • http://www.filmeducation. org/pdf/film/JDredd.pdf • www.scholar.google.com • http://www.indiescene.net/
  • 44. Abhinav Neelima Neha Saurabh MBA, Pondicherry University