Blood sugar, or glucose, is the main sugar found in your blood. It comes from the food you eat, and is your body's main source of energy. Your blood carries glucose to all of your body's cells to use for energy. Diabetes is a disease in which your blood sugar levels are too high. Formula: C₆H₁₂O₆ IUPAC ID: D-glucose Molar mass: 180.156 g/mol Density: 1.56 g/cm³ Melting point: 146 °C Classification: Carbohydrate, Monosaccharide, Reducing sugar Soluble in: Water, Acetic acid What does glucose do in the body? Glucose is the main type of sugar in the blood and is the major source of energy for the body's cells. Glucose comes from the foods we eat or the body can make it from other substances. Glucose is carried to the cells through the bloodstream. Several hormones, including insulin, control glucose levels in the blood. Dextrose is the name of a simple sugar made from corn or wheat that's chemically identical to glucose, or blood sugar. Dextrose is often used in baking products as a sweetener, and is commonly found in items such as processed foods and corn syrup.

1. History of development in
structure of glucose
Presented By: Urooj Arshad
Presented To: Mam Zarafshan
Course code: ZOL-501
Course title: Structure & Function of macromolecules

2. Contents:
• Discovery
• A ring or chain
• Nature’s fuel
• Linking the chains
• Polysaccharides

3. Discovery
• Glucose was first isolated by Andreas Maggraf in 1747.
• The name was coined by Jean dumas in 1838.
• From greek word glycos mean sugar or sweet.
• The structure of glucose was discovered by Emil fischer.
• Two forms of glucose.
• The L-form and D-form.
• Mirror images of each other.

5. A Ring or Chain:
• Glucose is a derivative of hexane.
• A 6 carbon chain with –OH group attached to each.
• Except the endmost which is a aldehyde carbonyl.
• Chain is flexible it can wrap around.
• Both ends fuse to form a ring structure.

7. Nature’s fuel:
• Glucose is a source of energy because its carbon atoms easily
oxidised.
• It is soluble in water because of –OH group.
• This allows the fuel to tranported in biological processes.
• For example bloodstream in animals.
• The average adult has 5-6 grams of glucose in the blood.

8. Linking the chains:
• Glucose is a monosaccharide made up of single unit.
• It is possible to join individual sugar units to form a chain.
• If we join two units it form a disaacharide.
• For example, Maltose,lactose

10. Polysaccharides:
• It is possible to link 3 glucose to form trisaccharide or 4 to form
tetrasaccharide.
• Large number join to form polysaccharides,complex carbohydrates
used for energy storing.
• For example Starch is a storage form of glucose used by plants.
• Natural starch are mixture of Amylose and Amylopectin

12. Glycogen:
• Glycogen is a polymeric molecule that is used to store glucose in
animals.
• It accounts about 5% of weight of liver and 0.5% of muscles in body.
• Highly branched molecule containing straight chains of glucose.
• When we eat glucose result from breakdown of carbohydrates remain
in bloodstream.
• It cause disturbance to osmotic balance.
• It is converted into glycogen in the liver.