6. First integrated iron & steel plant of India
Tata Iron & Steel Co.
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Setup in 1907
Site: Village
Sakchi(renamed
Jamshedpur in 1919)
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7. Top steel manufacturing companies of India
1. Tata Steel - 23.5 mn tonnes(7th
largest steel producer of the world)
2. SAIL -13.5 mn tonnes(18th largest
steel producer of the world)
3. JSW Steel - 10 mn tonnes
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11. Integrated Producers Secondary Producers
Those that convert iron ore
into steel.
There are three major
integrated steel players in
India, namely Steel Authority
of India Limited (SAIL),
TATA Steel and Rashtriya
Ispat Nigam Limited (RINL).
These are the mini steel
plants (MSPs), which make
steel by melting scrap or
sponge iron or a mixture of
the two.
Essar Steel, Ispat Industries
and Lloyds steel are the
largest producers of steel
through the secondary route.
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13. Steel Production Processes
1. Blast furnace/basic oxygen furnace
(BF/BOF)
2. Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)
3.COREX or Cipcor Process
4.Induction Arc Furnace (IAF)
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15. Indian Steel Demand
Indian Steel Consumption has recorded 9.65
CAGR over the past few years.
Per capita steel consumption in India is 55 kg
and the average per capita steel consumption of
the world is 206 kg and 324 kg in the developed
world.
Steel demand to continue at CAGR 10% or
higher, at least for 10 years ahead.
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Steel Demand Driver
Strong Economic Growth
Urbanisation
Massive government efforts to create transport and industrial
infrastructure : the Government is expected to invest $514 billion on
infrastructure by 2012.
Private Sector Investment is growing at above 15% annually.
Foreign Investment of nearly 40 billion dollar committed in steel sector.
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19. Steel Consumption Growth Pattern
Growth story of Indian economy has invariably been shaped by
investment.
The primary drivers will raise initially ( in the first phase of the growth
cycle) demand for rebars, sections, plates, seamless pipes, galvanised
sheets, pipes and tubes and electrical sheets. Overall, this will hold the
share of long products up.
The second phase of development, to be led by consumption boom, will
drive up demand for cold rolled sheets, HR sheets, tinplates, stainless
steel, alloy steel, etc.. Slowly leading to a rise in the share of flat
products in the total consumption of finished steel.
However, in the next 15 years, investment will remain the driving force
for growth in the economy providing in the process a strong and stable
market for long products ( plus the other flat products mentioned )
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Some facts..
Domestic steel demand is the main driver of capacity growth.
Per capita steel consumption forecast to double within 5 –7 years.
Production and capacity must increase synchronously to meet domestic
demand.
Most of the demand likely from infrastructure, housing, automobile, gas
and oil pipelines, capital goods (machinery) and consumer goods.
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Greenfield Projects
10-15 million tonnes of capacity are at various stages, of implementation
where land has been acquired.
10-15 million tonnes, at preliminary stages (such as land acquisition,
statutory clearances, etc.)
Post September 2008 global economic meltdown has caused deferment
of some of the greenfield projects.
Land acquisition has become a critical factor for few projects.
Steel capacity by 2012 is expected at 110 –124 million tonnes.
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22. Formulated in 2005
Central Goal: The creation of an industry with 110 million
tonnes of capacity and 100 million tonnes of production by
2019-20 — implying an average growth in production of
nearly 7 per cent a year.
The national policy seeks to facilitate the creation of
additional capacity, removal of procedural and policy
bottlenecks that affect the availability of production inputs,
increased investment in research and development, and
the creation of road, railway, and port infrastructure.
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23. •Tata Steel has been given the green signal by the South African
government to start construction on its US$ 103 million
ferrochrome steel plant at Richards Bay in the country's KwaZulu-
Natal region.
•After acquiring Singapore's NatSteel, Tata Steel bought Thailand's
Millennium Steel PLC for US$ 400 million as part of its US$ 23
billion expansion programme over the next 12 to 15 years.
•The acquisition of the Anglo-Dutch steelmaker Corus adds 19 MT
of steel-making capacity for TATA Steel.
•JSW is close to picking up a stake in Thailand's largest stainless
steel producer.
•The UK-based speciality steel and engineering group, Caparo's
new facilities are coming up in Chennai, Pitampur, Bawal, Noida
and Gurgaon.
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24. •Significant availability of high quality iron ore.
•Availability of highly skilled technical manpower at low cost.
•A history and experience to carry in steel making.
•Strong entrepreneurship, especially in the private sector.
•Strong domestic market growth potential reduces the risk in
higher exposure to the global market.
•Overall, steelmaking in India is highly cost efficient and
needs no protection from ‘fairly traded’ imports.
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1. Blast furnace/basic oxygen furnace (BF/BOF): BF basically converts iron ore into liquid form of iron. Iron produced by BF contains high amount of carbon and other impurities, this iron is called pig iron. Pig iron due to its high carbon content has limited end use application such as covers of manholes. To make steel products out of pig iron it is further processed into BOF where its carbon content and other impurities are burnt or removed through slag separation. Main inputs to BF are iron ore and coal/coke. BOF is also called oxygen furnace because oxygen is the only fuel
used in the process. Generally, integrated milling use BF/BOF routes to produce finished steel.
Producers that use this technology include SAIL, RINL, TSL and JSWL.
2. Electric Arc Furnace (EAF): Basic purpose of the EAF is remelting sponge iron, melting scrap, its main inputs, to produce finished steel. It uses electricity as much as 400-500 kWh/ton. ISPAT, ESSAR, and the JSW are examples of producers, which use this technology.
3. COREX or Cipcor Process: COREX is an advance process of making steel. Though few use this process, it is possible to use non-coking coal directly in smelting work and it also makes it possible to use lump ore and pellets as inputs. These two advantages allow steel producers to eliminated coking plants and sinter plants. Purpose of coking plant is to convert non-coking coal into more efficient fuel and purpose of sinter plant is purify lump ore or pellets for further processing. Basic inputs to COREX are iron-ore and coal. JSW uses COREX technology to produce finished steel.
4. Induction Arc Furnace (IAF): is one of the most advanced processes of making steel. Like EAF it uses electricity as its main fuel. IAF is most environment friendly and efficient way of producing steel. However, its lack of refining capacity requires clean products as its inputs. Large numbers of small steel companies use this technology. The high weight of the product significantly pushes up transport and movement costs. Therefore large integrated plants are the norm for cost efficient production. For specialized steel and alloys efficient production by smaller plants is possible.
Urbanisation: : Housing, urban infrastructure such as over-bridges, mass transport systems.
Private Producers:
Tata Steel TISCOGrasim Industries LtdEssar Steel (Essar Group)JSW Steel (Jindal Group)Bhushan Steel & Strips Ltd Mukand Iron and Steel LtdNational Steel & Agro Industries Limited (NSAIL)Shah Alloys LimitedIspat Industries Ltd