Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi motivasi karyawan

1. Rery Indra Kusuma
Wiluyo Karyanto

2. Human Relations
The study of the behavior of individuals
and groups in organizational settings.

3. The Nature of HR
Motivation : The inner drive that directs a person’s behavior
toward goals.
Morale : An employee’s attitude toward his or her job, employer,
and colleagues.
intrinsic rewards : the personal satisfaction and enjoyment felt
after attaining a goal
extrinsic rewards : benefits and/or recognition received from
someone else

4. The Motivation Process
More money for
unexpected medical expenses
Need
Ask for a raise
Work harder to gain a promotion
Look for a higher-paying job
Steal
More money
Goal-directed behavior
Need Satisfaction

5. Historical Perspectives on Employee
Motivation
Classical Theory of Motivation (Frederick W. Taylor) : theory
suggesting that money is the sole motivator for workers
The Hawthorne Studies (Elton Mayo)

6. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Self-
Actualization
Needs
Esteem Needs
Social Needs
Security Needs
Physiological Needs

7. Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory
Hygiene Factors
• Company policies
• Supervision
• Working conditions
• Salary
• Security
Motivational Factors
• Achievement
• Recognition
• The work itself
• Responsibility
• Advancement

8. McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y
- Theory X : Management view that assumes workers
generally dislike work and must be forced to do their
jobs.
- Theory Y : Management view that assumes workers
like to work and under proper conditions, employees
will seek responsibility to satisfy social, esteem, and
self-actualization needs.

9. Theory Z
A management philosophy that
stresses employee participation in all
aspects of company decision making.

10. Comparison of American, Japanese, and
Theory Z Management Styles
American Japanese Theory Z
Duration of
employment
Relatively short
term; workers
subject to layoffs
when business
slows
Lifelong; no
layoffs
Long term; layoffs
rare
Rate of
promotion
Rapid Slow Slow
Amount of
specialization
Considerable;
worker develops
expertise in one
area only
Minimal; worker
develops expertise
in all aspects of the
organization
Moderate; worker
learns all aspects
of the organization

11. Comparison of American, Japanese, and
Theory Z Management Styles
American Japanese Theory Z
Decision
making
Individual Consensual; input
from all concerned
parties is
considered
Consensual; emphasis
on quality
Responsibility Assigned to the
individual
Shared by the
group
Assigned to the
individual
Control Explicit and
formal
Less explicit and
less formal
Informal but with
explicit performance
measures
Concern for
workers
Focus is on work
only
Focus extends to
worker's whole life
Focus includes worker's
life and family

12. Other Motivational Theories
Can I get it?
Do I want it?
Equity Theory Expectancy Theory
What I
put in
What I
get back

13. Strategies for Motivating Employees
Behavior Modification : changing behavior and
encouraging appropriate actions by relating the
consequences of behavior to the behavior itself
Job Design

14. Job Design Strategies
Job Rotation : Exposes employees to a variety of
tasks as they move from one job to another.
Job Enlargement : Teaches employees new tasks in
their present job.
Job Enrichment : Gives employees more control and
authority in their present job, along with additional
tasks.

15. Flexible Scheduling Strategies
Flextime : a program that allows employees to choose their starting
and ending times, provided that they are at work during a specified
core period
Compressed Work Week : a four-day (or shorter) period during
which an employee works 40 hours
Job Sharing : performance of one full-time job by two people on part
time hours

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