urinary system my powerpoint in anatomy and physiology

1. By :Sweet Yvonne Regalado

2. Human Urinary System

3. URINARY SYSTEM
uretra kidney
Urinary
system
Gall
ureter
bladder

4.  also called the EXCRETORY SYSTEM
 is the organ system that
produces, stores, and eliminates urine.
 In humans it includes two kidneys, two
ureters, the bladder and the urethra.

5. Kidney
 Kidney bean shape lie against the dorsal wall in
a retroperitoneal position in the superior
lumbar region
 Remove liquid waste from the blood in the form
of urine.
 Keep a stable balance of salts and other
substances in the blood.
 Produce erythropoietin, a hormone that aids
the formation of red blood cells.

6.  Renal capsule
◦ Surrounds each kidney
◦ Gives a fresh kidney a glistening
appearance
 Adipose capsule
◦ Surrounds the kidney
◦ Provides protection to the kidney
◦ Helps keep the kidney in its correct
location

7.  Ptosis
◦ is a condition when the kidney drop into a
lower position
 Hydronephrosis
◦ condition when urine can no longer pass
through the ureters back up and exert
pressure on the kidneys tissue.

8.  RENAL CORTEX -the outer region, which is
light in color
 RENAL MEDULLA -deep to the cortex is a
darker reddish-brown area.
◦ Basically with a triangular regions with a striped
appearance the medullary pyramids.
◦ The pyramids are separated by extensions of cortex
like tissue called the renal columns.
 RENAL PELVIS – medial to the hilus is a basin
like cavity.
◦ Extension of the pelvis(calyxes) surround the tips of
medullary pyramid and collect urine draining from
them.

9. Internal anatomy of the kidney
Diagrammatic view of coronally
sectioned kidney, illustrating major
blood vessels

10. Internal anatomy of the kidney
Diagrammatic view of coronally
sectioned kidney, illustrating major
blood vessels

11.  The renal artery, which enters the
kidney breaks up into segmental, lobar
and then interlobar arteries that
travel outward through the medulla.
 Interlobar arteries split into arcuate
arteries which branch to produce
interlobular arteries which serve as
the cortex.

13.  Structural functional unit of the
kidney.
 Responsible for forming the urine.
 Main structures of the nephrons :
◦ Glomerulus
◦ Renal tubule (Bowman’s capsule)

14.  A specialized capillary bed
 Attached to arterioles on both sides
(maintains high pressure)
◦ Large afferent
arteriole
◦ Narrow efferent
arteriole

15.  Glomerular
(Bowman’s)
capsule
 Proximal
convoluted tubule
 Loop of Henle
 Distal convoluted
tubule

16.  CORTICAL
NEPHRONS
◦ Located entirely
in the cortex
◦ Includes most
nephrons

17.  JUXTAMEDULLARY
NEPHRONS
◦ Found at the boundary
of the cortex and
medulla

18.  Arise from efferent arteriole of the
glomerulus
 Normal, low pressure capillaries
 Attached to a venule
 Cling close to the renal tubule
 Reabsorb (reclaim) some substances
from collecting tubes

19.  Results of three processes
 Filtration
o Glomerulus act as a filter
o Non-selective passive process.
o The filtrate that is formed is essentially blood
plasma without blood protein.
o Nonselective passive process
o Water and solutes smaller than proteins are
forced through capillary walls
o Blood cells cannot pass out to the capillaries
o Filtrate is collected in the glomerular capsule and
leaves via the renal tubule.

20. Reabsorption
The filtrate contains many useful substance which must
be reclaimed from the filtrate and returned to the blood.
The peritubular capillaries reabsorb several materials
 Some water
 Glucose
 Amino acids
 Ions
Some reabsorption is passive, most is active
Most reabsorption occurs in the proximal convoluted
tubule.

21.  Nitrogenous waste products
◦ Urea
◦ Uric acid
◦ Creatinine
 Excess water

22.  SECRETION - Reabsorption in Reverse
Some materials move from the peritubular
capillaries into the renal tubules
 Hydrogen and potassium ions
 Creatinine
Materials left in the renal tubule move
toward the ureter.

24.  Water 99%  Water 1%
 Sodium 99.5%  Sodium 0.5%
 Glucose 100%  Glucose 0%
 Amino acids 100%  Amino acids 0%
 Phenol 0%  Phenol 100%
 Urea 50%  Urea 50

25.  Colored somewhat yellow due to the pigment
urochrome (from the destruction of
hemoglobin) and solutes.
 Sterile
 Slightly aromatic
 Normal pH of around 6
 Specific gravity of 1.001 to 1.035

27.  Slender tubes attaching the kidney to the
bladder
◦ Continuous with the renal pelvis
◦ Enter the posterior aspect of the bladder
 Runs behind the peritoneum
 Peristalsis aids gravity in urine transport
 Passageways that carry urine from the kidney
to the bladder.

29.  Smooth, collapsi
ble, muscular
sac
 Temporarily
stores urine

30.  When the bladder is empty it is collapsed,5 to
7.5 cm long at most and its wall are thick and
thrown into folds
 If the interior of the bladder is scanned three
openings are seen-the two ureter openings and
the single openings of the urethra which
drains the bladder .
 The smooth triangular region of the bladder
base outlined by these three openings is called
trigone.
 Trigone is important clinically because
infections tend to persist in this region.

31.  Thin-walled tube that carries urine
from the bladder to the outside of the
body by peristalsis
 Release of urine is controlled by two
sphincters
◦ Internal urethral sphincter (involuntary)
◦ External urethral sphincter (voluntary

32.  Both sphincter muscles must open to
allow voiding
◦ The internal urethral sphincter is relaxed
after stretching of the bladder
◦ Activation is from an impulse sent to the
spinal cord and then back via the pelvic
splanchnic nerves
◦ The external urethral sphincter must be
voluntarily relaxed

33.  Normal amount of water in the human
body
◦ Young adult females – 50%
◦ Young adult males – 60%
◦ Babies – 75%
◦ Old age – 45%
 Water is necessary for many body
functions and levels must be maintained

34.  Functionalkidneys are
developed by the third month
 Urinary system of a newborn
◦ Bladder is small
◦ Urine cannot be concentrated

35.  There is a progressive decline in
urinary function
 The bladder shrinks with aging
 Urinary retention is common in
males

36.  Endocrine systems
◦ Kidneys dispose of nitrogenous waste; maintain
fluid, electrolyte and acid base balance of blood;
produce hormone erythropoitein.
 Lymphatic system
◦ Immune cell protect urinary organs from
infections, cancer, and other foreign substance.
 Digestive system
◦ Digestive organs provide nutrients needed for kidney
cell health.

37.  Muscular system
◦ Muscles of pelvic diaphragm and external urethral
sphincter function in voluntary control of micturition.
 Nervous system
◦ Neural controls involved in micturion.
 Respiratory system
◦ Respiratory system provide oxygen required by kidney
cells.
 Cardiovascular system
◦ Systemic arterial blood pressure is the driving force
for glomerular filtration.

38.  Reproductive system
◦ Kidneys dispose of nitrogenous waste; maintain
fluid, electrolyte and acid base balance of blood.
 Integumentary system
◦ Skin provides external protective barrier; serves as
site for water loss via perspiration.
 Skeletal system
◦ Bones of rib cage provide some protection to
kidneys.

39. Thank you..