1. 1. Facts about anterior teeth:<br />All are single rooted<br />There are 6 in each arch<br />Important in F, V, T, D, S phonetics.<br />2. What is the difference between an anatomical crown and clinical crown?<br />The anatomical crown is the portion of tooth covered by enamel.<br />The clinical crown is the portion of tooth that is visible.<br />3. What are proximal surfaces and what are distal surfaces?<br />Proximal surfaces are surfaces that face other teeth (can be mesial or facial, but not all inclusive.)<br />For example, third molars have a mesial surface that is considered both proximal and axial, but their distal surfaces are not proximal, only axial (since they do not touch a tooth distally.)<br />Axial surfaces are all surfaces of teeth that are parallel to long axis of tooth: ie, M F D L.<br />4. What are lingual ridges and which teeth are they unique to?<br />They extend from cingulum to cusp on CANINES only.<br />They divide the lingual surface into a mesial and distal lingual fossa.<br />They are considered to be positive anatomy.<br />5. Which teeth have lingual and facial cervical ridges?<br />All anterior teeth have both.<br />Posterior teeth only have FACIAL cervical ridges, on the lingual side it is considered simply to be a “lingual height of contour.”<br />6. What are the positive anatomical landmarks and where are they located?<br />Cusps, ridges, cingulum, tubercles. <br />7. What are triangular fossa?<br />Triangular shaped depressions found on occlusal surface of posterior teeth. The bases of these triangles are MARGINAL RIDGES.<br />8. What is the developmental groove on the permanent tooth?<br />A linear depression between primary parts of the tooth.<br />Present on posterior teeth only.<br />9.<br /> <br />10. Know how to name specific line angles. Ie:<br />11. What specific anatomical points border the occlusal table<br />Crests of marginal ridges mesially and distally, crests of cuspal ridges, and cusp tips facially and lingually.<br />12. Know all of the eruption dates of the primary teeth.<br />13. Initial memorization of primary dentition occurs prior to birth, while mineralization of permanent dentition is entirely postnatal.<br />14. When does the primary maxillary canine exfoliate and what erupts in relation to it?<br />It is exfoliated at 11 years of age (after incisors and first molar, before second molar.<br />Permanent canine comes in at 11.5 years, first premolar comes in at 10 years.<br />15. What is present and what is not present in a patient between 3-4?<br />Root formation is complete by 39 months for all primary teeth.<br />Occlusion is reached at 3 years of age (primary tooth eruption is now considered complete.)<br />NO permanent teeth have eruped (first one erupts at 6 years.)<br />Permanent third molars have not begun initial calcification.<br />16. Know all of these things:<br />Calcification begins at about 13-16 weeks in utero<br />All primary teeth have initiated calcification at 18-20 weeks in utero<br />Mandibular teeth usually erupt before namesakes in the opposing maxilla<br />Females usually exhibit eruption timeframes sooner than males<br />Initial Mineralization of the Primary Dentition is entirely prenatal<br />Maxillary 2nd molar is the last primary tooth to emerge around 29 months of age<br />Root formation is complete for all primary teeth by 3 ¼ yrs. (39 mo.) of age<br />Primate space begins to form at age 4<br />Primary tooth occlusion is evident at age 3<br />17. Permanent first molars are guided by the primary second molars.<br />Crown needs to be completely formed before erupted.<br />18. What are some reasons that permanent teeth could be malpositioned or crowded?<br />Premature loss of primary teeth may lead to a lack of space (jaw has not grown yet.)<br />Dental neglect, congenital absence, or anomalies.<br />19. Know specific ages for permanent tooth eruption:<br />First molar always comes out first (6 months)<br />Maxillary canine comes AFTER the premolars (tend to see crowding)<br />20. Order of eruption for mandibular teeth:<br />First molars (6 years of age)<br />Central incisors<br />Lateral incisors<br />Canine<br />First premolar<br />Second premolar<br />Second molar<br />Third molar<br />21. What is present at ten years of age?<br />Can still see primary 2nd molars. (they shed at 11)<br />Maxillary canine erupts AFTER the premolars.<br />22. What is in the mouth at 11 and 12 years of age?<br />All primary teeth are exfoliated by 12.<br />Permanent dentition occlusion is not yet complete.<br />Second molars are now erupting.<br />Third molars do not erupt until 19.<br />23. Important things regarding dental pulp:<br />It is considered to be connective tissue containing arteries, veins, nerves, and a lymphatic system.<br />Pulp chamber shrinks over time as tooth ages.<br />Dental pulp has three functions, it’s primary function is to form the dentin.<br />24. What is the type of arch alignment terminology associated with humans<br />We have partially isognathus arch alignment which means that we are almost equal jawed, but maxillary arch is a bit larger.<br />25. There are four types of classification for cusp forms in mammals and they are:<br />HAPLODONT – single cone structure.<br />Triconodont – three cusps in a straight line.<br />Tritubercular Molars: Three cusps in a primary triangle<br />Quadritubuercular molar: Four cusps in a rectangular or rhomboid form.<br />26. Know the human mandibular molar cusp names:<br />Protoconid = MF<br />Hypoconid = DF<br />Hypoconulid = Distal Cusp (accessory cusp, not always present)<br />Metaconid = ML<br />Entoconid = DL<br />Clockwise starting at MF cusp = P M E H (two H’s if hypoconulid is present) Purple Magazines Erect Helicopters<br />27. On a permanent maxillary molar, which cusps comprise the trigon/primary cusp triangle?<br />Mesiofacial, distofacial, mesiolingual<br />28. Which teeth possess anterior transverse ridges and what anatomical entity is affected by its presence?<br />ONLY on permanent maxillary molars.<br />Confluent with mesial marginal ridge, obliterate much of the mesial triangular fossa.<br />29. Which arch is bigger?<br />Maxillry arch (widthwise from third molar to third molar, as well as just generally wider.)<br />Both archs are elliptical.<br />30. Individual alignment of mandibular teeth:<br />Lateral incisor deviate least from facial line (0 degrees), second molar deviates most from facial line (14 degrees)<br />Premolars deviate least from proximal line (9 degrees), lateral incisors deviate most from proximal line (23 degrees)<br />31. Facts regarding Plane of Occlusion:<br />Not flat.<br />Teeth are positioned at various inclinations<br />Combination of Curve of Wilson and Curve of Spee.<br />32. Which two teeth have only one antagonist on opposite arch?<br />Mandibular central incisors and maxillary third molars.<br />33. What are the points of contact on maxillary anterior teeth?<br />Central incisor<br />Mesial = incisal third<br />Distal = junction of incisal and middle third.<br />Lateral incisor<br />Mesial = junction of incisal and middle third<br />Distal = middle third<br />Canine<br />Mesial = junction of incisal and middle third<br />Distal = middle third<br />34. From an incisal view, anterior tooth proximal contacts are centered:<br />FACIOLINGUALLY.<br />Each anterior tooth contact is considered equidistant from respective facial and lingual profiles<br />35. What are points of contact on mandibular anterior teeth?<br />Central incisor<br />Mesial = incisal third<br />Distal = incisal third<br />Lateral incisor<br />Mesial = incisal third<br />Distal = incisal third<br />Canine<br />Mesial = incisal third<br />Distal = MIDDLE THIRD (only one that’s different)<br />36. What is the height of contour (cervical ridge length from cervical line) on maxillary anterior facial and lingual surfaces?<br />½ mm located in cervical 1/3<br />37. What is the height of contour on maxillary posterior teeth facial and lingual surfaces?<br />On facial it is ½ mm located in cervical 1/3<br />On lingual, it is ½ mm located in MIDDLE 1/3 (teeth are much shorter in the molars, so it looks similar to height of contours on other teeth, but relative to the molar it is in the middle.)<br />38. What are the heights of contour for mandibular teeth?<br />All of the facial = ½ mm in cervical 1/3<br />On lingual surfaces:<br />Anterior teeth = ½ mm in cervical 1/3<br />Premolars = ½ mm in middle 1/3<br />Molars = 1 mm in middle 1/3<br />39. What is the height of contour for all facial surfaces of teeth in both arches?<br />½ mm in cervical 1/3<br />40. Cervical ridges are most prominent in which teeth?<br />Mandibular posterior teeth.<br />41. Cervical ridges are least prominent on which teeth?<br />Mandibular anterior teeth.<br />42. On all of posterior teeth in both arches, the height of contour on lingual surfaces are at the middle 1/3 of crown except for which tooth?<br />Mandibular 2nd premolar (occurs in OCCLUSAL 1/3rd)<br />43. Important things about CEJ (cervical line) when looking at it from a mesial or distal perspective<br />CEJ curves in a coronal direction (UP!)<br />Anterior teeth have most measurable curvature<br />Molars have little or no curve.<br />Mesial side of tooth always has greatest curvature.<br />Maxillary central incisor: 3.5 mm mesially, 2.5 mm distally.<br />44. The most severe CEJ curvature can be found on which tooth?<br />Maxillary central incisor (mesially)<br />45. Least severe CEJ curvature can be found on which tooth?<br />Mandibular third molar (distally)<br />46. Periodontal fibers:<br />Oblique fibers: resist forceful impaction of tooth into alveolus. (Found on sides of roots distally)<br />Transseptal fibers: connect one tooth to an adjacent tooth across interproximal space.<br />47. The more incisal or occlusal the contact area, the _______ the interproximal space is?<br />Greater<br />