1. Child Psychology Essay
Child Psychology
Introduction
Psychology involves studying the mental functioning and general behaviors of both humans and
animals. Social behavior and mental functioning of an individual are explained by exploring the
neurological and physiological processes. These include emotions, cognition, perception, motivation,
attention, brain functioning and personality. Child psychology is as well stated to be the application of
psychological techniques to children where it involves carrying out research on mental states and
development of children. The development of the child both physically, mentally and emotionally,
with the help of a parent allows the identification of helpful information to any evolving challenges
in child's behavior and...show more content...
Successful levels and stages of development are majorly associated with the increasing efficiency
and memory capacity. These explain a progression to higher stages and individual differences
which increases by same age persons and cognitive performance. Research indicates that the
performance of children at a given age is changeable from domain to domain such as the
understanding of social, mathematical, and spatial concepts that it is impossible to place the child
in a single stage. This level involves processes that define the volume and kind of information that
the individual child can process. For example, reflexes arise before birth and are still present in
newborns. Sometimes, prenatal development and birth complications may also be connected to
neurodevelopmental disorders. Young children react to various motivations in various ways (Damon
& Lerner, 2006). For example infants' sight blurry in early stages improves over time.
Habituation is applied in discovering the perceptual systems which indicates that children advance
earlier in developing perception compared to the acquiring the idea of the permanence of objects.
Vision, hearing, smell and taste, language, touch, and pain are the early infant sensorimotor
perceptual improvement in the infants' mental growth. Motor development, required for the child to
create relationships between vision, touch and
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2. Essay on Educational Psychology
One of the more popular areas of psychology is Educational Psychology. Educational Psychology
can be explained several ways. The idea is to study theories and concepts from different parts of
psychology and apply them in educational settings. These educational settings may occur in different
school settings such as preschool. The goal of educational psychology is to create a positive
student–teacher relationship. Educational psychology uses five different types of psychology,
behavioral, cognitive, developmental, and social cognitive, and constructivist in this research paper
I will be briefly discussing each type of psychology listed above. Behaviorism is the point of view
where learning and behavior are described and explained in terms...show more content...
Some examples are belief, desire, ideas and motivation. Next, cognitive psychologists think memory
structures determine how information is perceived, processed, stored, retrieved and forgotten.
Cognitive psychology include perception, categorization, memory, knowledge representation,
language and thinking processes. "The relationship of cognitive psychology to classroom is like the
relationship of physics to engineering. Knowledge of the mind gleaned from cognitive psychology
experiments will not tell teachers how to teach children, any more than knowledge of physics can
prescribe what a bridge should look like" (Willingham, 2009) Developmental psychology is the point
of view that occurs in learners over the course of a period of time. The developmental perspective
includes theories that are continuous and discontinuous. Discontinuous theories are stage–like. The
processes of learning and development involve distinct stages, which are characterized by qualitative
differences in behavior. Theorists who use discontinuous theories use a specific beginning and end
period for each stage. Continuous theories explain that learning and development generally happen
in incremental processes. Learning involves changes throughout the lifespan. "Contemporary views
on the nature of cognitive development have been vastly influenced by the work of one man. This
was Jean Piaget (1896–1980), once a biologist, who turned his
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3. Psychology Experiment Essay examples
Title: An investigation into the impact of group pressure on an individual's estimate of the amount
of beads in a pot (ginger granules in a jar).
IV = Group/Individual
DV = Individual beads estimate
Abstract
This experiment investigated the impact of group pressure on the individual. The hypothesis is that
group pressure does indeed impact on the individual and in this case the individual's estimate of the
number of ginger granules in a jar. Participants were asked to make a judgement of the number of
ginger granules in a jar, first individually and then as a group. The individual participants were then
interviewed again to see if their estimates had changed. The results proved the hypothesis that group
pressure does make an impact...show more content...
It will be performed using a method similar to the one used by Jenness in his experiment. This will in
effect test the reproducibility and validity of the Jenness experiment. There are no contentious or
controversial issues surrounding this experiment and its method, and it is certainly within the law
i.e. there are no deceptions or misleading intentions toward the participant; it is fair.
Hypothesis
The influence of group pressure will affect individuals' estimates of the number of ginger granules
in a glass jar. The estimate of the individual will change after a group decision to lie closer to the
figure of the group.
Method
The IV was the group or individual, and the DV was the number of ginger granules in the glass jar.
Two separate rooms were used; one for interview of the individual – one at a time. When not being
interviewed the individual was instructed to go the second room where the rest of the group resided
– for the period of the experiment. Both rooms contained only the subjects of the experiment, and of
course the experimenter, and no one else was permitted into the aforementioned areas. Television,
radio and other forms of communicative devices were forbidden from these areas.
The participants were three members of a family. The first was male and 67 years of age. The
second was female and 52 years old. The third member of the family was male, and 25 years old.
Materials: * Jar of ginger granules * Watch * Sheets of paper
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4. Essay about Definition of Psychology
Definition of Psychology
The term psychology comes from two Greek words: psyche, which means
1. The spirit or soul. 2. The human mind. 3. In psychoanalysis, the mind functioning as the center of
thought, emotion, and behavior.
And logos, "the study of." or according to modern researches "science"
These root words were first combined in the 16th century, at a time when the human soul, spirit, or
mind was seen as distinct from the body.
Definition of Psychology:
Psychology is one of the youngest sciences. It is still going through the process of its development.
There has been much fierce controversy about its definition. It has been variously defined as the
science of soul,...show more content...
Great psychologist like Sigmand Freud support this fact.
The science of Behavior:
J.B. Watson described Psychology as the science of Behavior.. He said that external action or
behavior is the only concern of Psychology. He totally ignored mental processes. He said that what
goes on in our mind eventually comes out as our behavior. But this is not true for all times so this
was considered incomplete.
Now a days the most comprehensive definition of Psychology is:
"Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior, and its application to solve human
problems"
OR
"Psychology is the schematic study of behavior and mental processes"
This definition contains three elements. The first is that psychology is a scientific enterprise that
obtains knowledge through systematic and objective methods of observation and experimentation.
Second is that psychologists study behavior, which refers to any action or reaction that can be
measured or observed–such as the blink of an eye, an increase in heart rate, or the unruly violence
that often erupts in a mob. Third is that psychologists study the mind, which refers to both conscious

5. and unconscious mental states. These states cannot actually be seen, only inferred from
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6. Ethics in Psychology Essay
Ethics in Psychology Our country was founded on certain moral principles. The moral principles
which guide our lives are referred to as ethics. These ethics have an impact on how we interact
with the world around us and shape our personalities; this happens even if we do not realize their
immediate impact. It is for this very reason that ethics in psychological research became necessary.
"One may also define ethics as a method, procedure, or perspective for deciding how to act and for
analyzing complex problems and issues" (Resnik, 2011). We are expected to behave or be treated a
particular way in society, therefore we should be granted certain ethical treatments in regards to
research. Human Participants According to the American...show more content...
Animal Subjects This is a sensitive issue area in regards to research. There are many types of
research that just are not feasible to do with human subjects; therefore the justification for
non–human animals come into the experiment. Even though there are many benefits to using
animals, many animal rights groups maintain strong opposition to using animals for research. This
is why the APA has developed the Committee on Animal Research and Ethics (CARE). It is the
responsibility of CARE to audit that all ethics regarding animal usage is followed ("Committee on
animal," 2014). Due to the sensitivity of testing on animals the APA has developed very strict
standards regarding usage of animals as subjects. They range from justification, housing of said
animal, acquisition, and procedures. These requirements outline absolute necessity in order to
reduce the unnecessary usage of animals in testing. Therapy relationships with clients. The
psychologist to patient relationship during therapy is a crucial aspect. It is within ethical guidelines
that the psychologist clearly establish his role whether it be with an individual, group, or family
therapist. These roles need to be understood for the variety of issues that may arise; one of which is
the disclosure of information. Psychologists, for obvious reasons, are not to have sexual
relationships with patients or former patients within a
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7. Essay on The History of Psychology
The History of Psychology In order to discuss Psychology's history, it is important to understand
that psychology still does not have one unifying approach unlike the natural sciences; even the
definition of Psychology and what it truly means is still undecided. However I shall attempt to
review chronologically its philosophical origins, include how the science of Physics and Biology
were placed in history and how they influenced research and determined the development of
Psychology as its recognised today. Beginning with the philosophers Plato and Aristotle (between
428– 347) in ancient Greece, they began to ask...show more content...
For example, the taste of lemonade (perception) to be a molecule of conscious experience could be
analyzed in terms of elements (sensations) i.e. sweet, sour, cold, warm, bitter, and how it was
identified by introspection (observation). Wundt's structuralism was quickly abandoned because it
could not be empirically or scientifically tested, it was also criticised for favouring deterministic
structural forces over the ability of individual people to act refusing the suggestion of freewill. But at
the end of the 19th century and lasting only 25 years Structuralism was still seen as a historically
important school of thought and it was the movements that it developed, rather than structuralism
itself that pushed forward the progress of psychology Functionalism as a psychology developed from
the philosophy of Pragmatism (practical, matter–of–fact way of approaching or assessing situations
or of solving problems). William James (1842–1910) laid the foundations with the publication of
"Principles of Psychology" a book that gave Psychology its distinction and it's well used definition
"the science of mental life" for its study. He introduced a methodology for the inclusion of conscious
mental processes and believed consciousness to be the primary object of psychology
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8. Essay on my interest in psychology
my interest in psychology
I have always been intrigued by the mental processes of humans and animals. As a young child and
into adolescence, as a student and teacher and as a caregiver, I have always been interested in
psychology in one form or another. This essay will reflect not only the development of my interest
in psychology, but the development of myself as a person.
I was born into a family with Native American heritage that practiced a strict protestant religion. As
a child, I would often wonder why people's attitudes, behaviors and beliefs could be so different
from one another. I wondered why some people believed in things with great zeal, yet other people
believed the contrary just as vehemently....show more content...
I then went back to school with more determination and plunged myself into more psychology
classes.
In these classes, I found myself naturally drawn to the topics of research methods and statistics.
These two academic areas in particular provided an environment in which I was able to develop and
excercise my naturally analytical way of thinking. I then geared my undergraduate education towards
learning to perform research in psychology by taking more research and science based psychology
classes. Additionally, I sought out and obtained research assistantships with professors of cognition,
physiological and clinical psychology. Specifically, I have been a primary research assistant for an
investigation of the effect of irony on recall and recognition, an investigation of the performance of
children with and without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) on a computer
anticipation task, and an investigation of the effect of Polychlorinated Biphenyls on ADHD–like
behavior in laboratory rats. I have also assisted in literature reviews in the area of receptive
language and Autism, as well as a review on sleep and genetics. In addition, I have been a
participant recruiter for a research project on familial inheritance of depression and REM sleep
abnormalities. For complete information, please see my attached curriculum vitae.
While taking research–based courses, I found that I had another natural inclination:

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10. Industrial Psychology Essay
INTRODUCTION Industrial psychology is concerned with people at work. It is also called
personnel psychology. A closely related field is known as organizational psychology. Traditionally,
industrial psychologists have assessed differences among individual workers and have evaluated
individual jobs. Organizational psychologists generally seek to understand how workers function in
an organization, and how the organization functions in society. The distinctions between industrial
psychology and organizational psychology are not always clear. Thus, the two areas are often
referred to jointly as industrial/organizational psychology, or I/O psychology. I/O psychologists work
for businesses, consulting firms, government departments, and...show more content...
To have value, a system should maximize the accuracy with which people rate performance, and
minimize bias. Industrial psychologists commonly develop training programs. This function
involves identifying performance or technical needs of employees that can be met by training. It also
deals with evaluating the effectiveness of the training program. Training needs may include ways to
(1) help new employees get used to the organization, (2) update technical skills of current employees,
and (3) prepare employees for new responsibilities. Techniques used in training include classroom
lectures, work simulators, computer–assisted instruction, and role playing. Industrial psychologists
devote much time to job satisfaction. They investigate factors that have been found to relate to
satisfaction, including employee turnover, absenteeism, age, pay, and attitudes toward unions.
Industrial psychologists also study motivation because evidence suggests that both motivation and
ability are necessary for employees to succeed in their jobs. Thus, psychologists develop systems
for rewarding good performance, and they redesign jobs for greater interest and challenge. Another
important concern of industrial psychologists is what makes an effective leader. The psychologists
help identify the personality traits of a good leader and the types of leaders who should be selected
for a particular position. Industrial psychologists also help maximize efficiency by
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11. Essay on Psychologists
Psychology is the study of human behavior, how we think, feel and act. Psychologists study both
normal and abnormal behavior to understand it. Psychologists also try to use what we learn from
that study to help people change aspects of their behavior that they want to change. Areas of
psychology are clinical, industrial, and developmental. Careers in Psychology offer varied
opportunities.
Employment opportunities for capable psychologists are expected to be slightly better than average
over the next several years. However, if you're interested in a career in Psychology, you should know
that the training program to become a psychologist is a long one. There is also stiff competition for
places in graduate training programs in Psychology....show more content...
A person with only a bachelor's degree cannot legally practice psychology in the states. They can
hold psychology related positions. With a bachelor's degree in Psychology, salary starts at about
$17,000 a year.
With a doctoral degree in Psychology and one year of a supervised internship, a student can
become a legal psychologist. In many states, it is required that one pass an exam before practicing
Psychology. One with a doctoral degree can have a salary of $45,000 per year, on the low end. After
schooling, the field of Psychology can expand many ways.
To give you an idea, here are some indepth looks at various fields.Some psychologists work in the
health care field. They practice in hospitals, rehabilitation facilities, and both public and private
clinics. They may work individually or in teams with other health care professionals such as
physicians, nurses, social workers, and so forth. Psychologists in health care provide assessment
and treatment services to persons with mental and emotional disorder. Because of the growing body
of scientific knowledge about the role of psychological factors in physical health and disease,
psychologists also play a role
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