Energy Auditing/ Energy conservation ppt by Varun Pratap Singh

1. By Varun Pratap Singh ENERGY CONSERVATION BASICS

2. WHAT IS ENERGY? • Definition: Energy is the capacity of a physical system to perform work. Energy exists in several forms such as heat, kinetic or mechanical energy, light, potential energy, electrical or other forms. • According to the law of conservation of energy, the total energy of a system remains constant, though energy may transform into another form. • For example, two billiard balls colliding, may come to rest, with the resulting energy converting to sound and perhaps a little bit of heat, at the point of collision. • TYPES OF ENERGY • Mechanical energy movement , the sum of Kinetic and Potential Energy. • Thermal energy Thermal energy =temperature diff. between two systems. • Nuclear energy Nuclear energy =changes in the atomic nuclei • Chemical energy Chemical energy =Chemical reactions between atoms. • Electromagnetic energy Electromagnetic energy = energy from light or electromagnetic waves.

3. World Energy Consumption • World energy consumption refers to the total energy used by all of human civilization. It involves all energy harnessed from every energy source applied towards humanity's endeavours across every industrial and technological sector, across every country. • In general, Total Energy consumption indicate Electric energy consumption and Energy consumed in terms of crude oil.

4. India's Energy Consumption • The utility electricity sector in India has one National Grid with an installed capacity of 345.5 GW as on 31 July 2018. Renewable power plants constituted 33.23% of total installed capacity. During the fiscal year 2016-17. India is the world's third largest producer and third largest consumer of electricity. Electric energy consumption in agriculture was recorded highest (17.89%) in 2015-16 among all.

5. India's Energy Consumption

6. India's Energy Consumption

7. Is Really Energy Saving Matters? The above given target is accomplished by BEE in 2012. By this example we can understand that by changing a simple bulb we can save up to that much big amount of energy. As the consumer side the energy saving is 6000MW. As per efficiency law if the energy saved at consumer side is equals to x then the saving of power generated at power plant is equal to 2.5x and power saved as resources is equal to 5x. Its Meaning is that, if we save the power in our home that it can be further utilise in future.

8. Is Really Energy Saving Matters?

9. LIGHTING :COMPARISON CHART LED LIGHTS VS. INCANDESCENT LIGHT BULBS VS. CFLS

10. • The Bureau of Energy Efficiency is an agency of the Government of India, under the Ministry of Power created in March 2002 under the provisions of the nation's 2001 Energy Conservation Act. The agency's function is to develop programs which will increase the conservation and efficient use of energy in India. The government has proposed to make it mandatory for certain appliances in India to have ratings by the BEE starting in January 2010. Bureau of Energy Efficiency

11. Energy Conservation

12. Energy Audit • The primary objective of Energy Audit is to determine ways to reduce energy consumption per unit of product output or to lower operating costs. Energy Audit provides a “ bench- mark” (Reference point) for managing energy in the organization and also provides the basis for planning a more effective use of energy throughout the organization.

13. Energy Conservation Act-2001

14. Energy Conservation Act-2001 Cont.

21. Bureau of Energy Efficiency • The Bureau of Energy Efficiency is an agency of the Government of India, under the Ministry of Power created in March 2002 under the provisions of the nation's 2001 Energy Conservation Act. The agency's function is to develop programs which will increase the conservation and efficient use of energy in India. The government has proposed to make it mandatory for certain appliances in India to have ratings by the BEE starting in January 2010. Bureau of Energy Efficiency

22. Schemes of BEE under the Energy Conservation Act-2001

23. Need for Energy Audit • In Industries three top operating expenses are energy (both electrical and thermal), labor and materials. • Energy would emerge as a top ranker for cost reduction • primary objective of Energy Audit is to determine ways to reduce energy consumption per unit of product output or to lower operating costs • Energy Audit provides a “ bench-mark” (Reference point) for managing energy in the organization

24. Definition of Energy Management Energy Management is defined as “The strategy of adjusting and optimizing energy, using systems and procedures so as to reduce energy requirements per unit of output while holding constant or reducing total costs of producing the output from these systems” The Objectives of Energy Management • To achieve and maintain optimum energy procurement and utilisation, throughout the organization • To minimise energy costs / waste without affecting production & quality • To minimise environmental effects.

25. The Energy Management System

26. Types of Energy Audit • Type of Energy Audit The type of Energy Audit to be performed depends on: - Function and type of industry - Depth to which final audit is needed, and - Potential and magnitude of cost reduction desired Thus Energy Audit can be classified into the following three types: i) Preliminary Audit ii) Targeted Energy Au. iii) Detailed Audit

27. Preliminary Audit • Preliminary energy audit uses existing or easily obtained data • Establishes the energy consumption in the organization • Estimates the scope for saving • Identifies the most likely areas for attention • Identifies immediate(no cost or low cost) improvements • Sets a ‘reference point’ • Identifies areas for more detailed study/measurement

28. Preliminary Audit Cont.

29. Targeted Energy Audit

30. Detail Energy Audit Detailed Energy Audit evaluates all systems and equipment which consume energy and the audit comprises a detailed study on energy savings and costs. Detailed Energy Audit is carried out in 3 phases The Pre-audit Phase The Audit Phase The Post-Audit Phase

31. Identification of Energy Conservation Factors & Areas Steps for conserving energy can be taken if we know the correct factors and areas to be studied and also details of fuels used. These can be: • Energy generation • Energy distribution • Energy usage by processes • Fuel substitution

32. Ten Steps Methodology for conducting Detail Energy Audit

33. Questions which an Energy Auditor should ask? What function does this system serve? How does this system serve its function? What is the energy consumption of this system? What are the indications that this system is working properly ? If this system is not working, how can it be restored to good working conditions/ How can the energy cost of this system be reduced?

34. DETAILED ENERGY AUDIT- A TYPICAL INDUSTRIAL FORMAT • Energy Audit Team • Executive Summary –Scope & Purpose • Energy Audit Options & Recommendations • 1.0 Introduction about the plant – 1.1 General Plant details and descriptions – 1.2 Component of production cost (Raw materials, energy, chemicals, • manpower, overhead, others) • 1.3 Major Energy use and Areas • 2.0 Production Process Description – 2.1 Brief description of manufacturing process – 2.2 Process flow diagram and Major Unit operations – 2.3 Major Raw material Inputs, Quantity and Costs • 3.0 Energy and Utility System Description – 3.1 List of Utilities – 3.2 Brief Description of each utility – 3.2.1 Electricity – 3.2.2 Steam – 3.2.3 Water – 3.2.4 Compressed air – 3.2.5 Chilled water – 3.2.6 Cooling water

35. 4.0 Detailed Process flow diagram and Energy& Material balance 4.1 Flow chart showing flow rate, temperature, pressures of all input- Output streams 4Water balance for entire industry 5.0 Energy efficiency in utility and process systems 5.1 Specific Energy consumption 5.2 Boiler efficiency assessment 5.3 Thermic Fluid Heater performance assessments 5.4 Furnace efficiency Analysis 5.5 Cooling water system performance assessment 5.6 DG set performance assessment 5.7 Refrigeration system performance 5.8 Compressed air system performance 5.9 Electric motor load analysis 5.10 Lighting system 6.0 Energy Conservation Options & Recommendations 6.1 List of options in terms of no cost, low cost, medium cost and high cost, annual energy savings and payback 6.2 Implementation plan for energy saving measures/Projects ANNEXURE Al. List of instruments A2. List of Vendors and Other Technical details

36. Instruments Used in Energy Audit

37. Technical and Economic feasibility- Factors Sample Worksheet for Economic Feasibility Name of Energy Efficiency Measure i. Investment a. Equipments b. Civil works c. Instrumentati on d. Auxiliaries 2. Annual operating costs  Cost of capital  Maintenance  Manpower  Energy  Depreciation 3. Annual savings  Thermal Energy  Electrical Energy  Raw material  Waste disposal Net Savings /Year (Rs./year) = (Annual savings-annual operating costs) Payback period in months = (Investment/net savings/year) x 12 Technology availability, space, skilled manpower, reliability, service, Impact of measure on safety, quality, production or process. Mmaintenance requirements and spares availability

38. Energy Costs in Indian Scenario ? Common Fuels • Fuel oil, • Low Sulphur Heavy Stock (LSHS), • Light Diesel Oil (LDO), • Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), • Coal, • Lignite, •Wood Fuels Cost Inputs & Factors • Price at source, transport charge, type of transport, • Quality of fuel • Contaminations, Moisture, Energy content (GCV) Power Costs In India Electricity costs vary substantially not only from State to State, but also from city to city and also within consumer to consumer – though power does the same work everywhere. Reason: •Tariff Structure

39. Understanding energy costs Electricity (1 kWh) = 860 kcal/kWh (0.0036 GJ) Heavy fuel oil (calorific value, GCV) =10.000 kcal/litre ( 0.0411 GJ/litre) Coal (calorific value, GCV) =4000 kcal/kg ( 28 GJ/ton) An industrial energy bill summary Conversion to common unit of energy ENERGY BILL EXAMPLE Type of energy Original units Unit Cost Monthly Bill (Rs) Electricity 5,00,000 kWh Rs.4.00/kWh 20,00,000 Fuel oil 200,kL Rs.11,000 KL 22,00,000 Coal 1000 tons Rs.2,200/ton 22,00,000 Total 64,00,000

40. Benchmarking for Energy Performance • Internal Benchmarking  Historical and trend analysis • External Benchmarking  Across similar industries Scale of operation, vintage of technology, raw material specification and quality and product specification and quality

41. Bench Marking Energy Performance • Quantification of fixed and variable energy consumption trends vis-à-vis production levels • Comparison of the industry energy performance w.r.t. various production levels (capacity utilization) • Identification of best practices (based on the external benchmarking data) • Scope and margin available for energy consumption and cost reduction • Basis for monitoring and target setting exercises

42. Benchmarking parameters Production or Equipment Related •Gross production related e.g. kWh/MT clinker or cement produced (Cement plant) e.g. kWh/MT, kCal/kg, paper produced (Paper plant) •Equipment / utility related e.g. kWh/ton of refrigeration (on Air conditioning plant) e.g. kWh /litre in a diesel power generation plant.

43. Maximizing System Efficiencies - Some Measures • Replace pumps, fans, air compressors, refrigeration compressors, boilers, furnaces, heaters and other energy conservation equipment, wherever significant energy efficiency margins exist • Eliminate steam leakages by trap improvements • Maximize condensate recovery • Adopt combustion controls for maximizing combustion efficiency

44. Matching Energy Usage to Requirement • The mismatch between equipment capacity and user requirement often leads to inefficiencies due to part load operations, wastages etc. It is thus essential that proper energy matching studies are carried out & actions implemented. Examples : Eliminate throttling Eliminate damper operations Fan resizing for better efficiency. Moderation of chilled water temperature for process chilling needs

45. Optimizing Energy Input Requirement  In order to ensure that the energy given to the system is being put to optimal use, site specific measures and checks should be carried out regularly.  EXAMPLES:  Shuffling of compressors to match needs.  Periodic review of insulation thickness  Identify potential for heat exchanger networking and process integration.

46. Fuel and Energy Substitution – key steps towards conservation Fuel substitution • Replacement of coal by coconut shells, rice husk etc • Replacement of LDO by LSHS Energy substitution • Replacement of electric heaters by steam heaters • Replacement of steam based hot water by solar systems

47. Commercial Energy Audit • The term energy audit appears to refer to two distinct things: An energy audit is the process of having a professional energy auditor assess your building for energy savings opportunities. • . The term energy audit also is used to refer to the result of the energy assessment process, the energy audit report. We will try to keep these terms separate by referring to the report as an “energy audit report.” • A commercial energy audit is a comprehensive building analysis performed by a professional architecture or engineering firm. The firm audits the entire building to determine machines that use energy (like lighting, boilers, AC units, water heaters, etc.) and any installed measures working to conserve it (like the insulation, air sealing, and windows). The audit usually takes between 2-4 weeks to complete

48. TYPES OF COMMERCIAL ENERGY AUDIT

49. POTENTIAL FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION – COMMERCIAL SECTOR:- End-Use SAVING ESTIMATE % Lighting Up to 50 Cooling Up to 50 Ventilation 50 Heating 15 - 40 Refrigeration 15 - 40 Water Heating 40 - 60 Miscellaneous 10 - 30

50. ENERGY AUDITING FOR INDUSTRIES • Among the above industries , the units having a connected load of 5 MW (mega watts) and above or an energy consumption of about 30,000 tonnes of oil equivalent per year, would be notified. • For commercial building , these values are a connected load of 500 KW (kilo watts) or contract demand of 600 kVA (kilovolt ampere) and above. • These industrial units would have to get energy audits conducted by accredited auditors , and implement the recommendations, , which are techno- economically viable.

51. ENERGY AUDITING FOR INDUSTRIES 8/21/2018 69 The following sectors have been identified as energy intensive industries, and other establishments as designated consumers. 1. Aluminium 2. Fertilizers 3. Iron and steel 4. Cement 5. Pulp and paper 6. Chlor-alkali 7. Sugar 8. Textile 9. Chemicals 10. Railways 11. Port trust 12.Transport sectors 13. Petrochemicals, gas crackers, naphtha crackers and petroleum refineries 14. Thermal power generation , hydro power generation , and electricity transmission distribution 15. Commercial buildings and establishments

52. INDUSTRIAL ENERGY AUDIT • Industrial energy audit have exploded as the demand to lower increasingly expensive energy costs and moves towards a sustainable future have made energy audits greatly improvement . • Area under the industrial energy audit :- • Comprehensive audits of all sectors of industries:- • Energy (electrical & thermal) • Water • Electrical safety • Capacity building

53. BENEFITS OF INDUSTRIAL ENERGY AUDIT • Energy savings • Avoiding power factor penalties and environmental compliance cost • Quality improvement • Productivity improvement • Reduced maintains • Fewer breakdown • Better safety and protection • A process for repeatable improvement

54. Industrial energy audits • Increasingly in the last several decades, industrial energy audits have exploded as the demand to lower increasingly expensive energy costs and move towards a sustainable future have made energy audits greatly important. Their importance is magnified since energy spending is a major expense to industrial companies (energy spending accounts for ~ 10% of the average manufacturer's expenses). This growing trend should only continue as energy costs continue to rise. • While the overall concept is similar to a home or residential energy audit, industrial energy audits require a different skillset. Weather proofing and insulating a house are the main focus of residential energy audits. For industrial applications, it is the HVAC, lighting, and production equipment that use the most energy, and hence are the primary focus of energy audits.

55. Energy audits in industry Energy audit process service systems facilities Energy analysis processes process sevice systems facilities Energy audits in process industry will be carried out in two phases

56. • The analysis of building and utility data, including study of the installed equipment and analysis of energy bills; • The survey of the real operating conditions; • The understanding of the building behaviour and of the interactions with weather, occupancy and operating schedules; • The selection and the evaluation of energy conservation measures; • The estimation of energy saving potential; • The identification of customer concerns and needs. Industrial energy audits

57. Benefits of energy audit for energy savings potentials in industries 8/21/2018 75 INDUSTRY SAVING POTENTIAL % Iron and Steel 10 Fertilizer 15 Textile 25 Cement 15 Paper 25 Aluminum 10 Sugar, Petrochemicals Refineries 20 15 10

58. 17 73 0 [kW] 10 62 0 [kW] 69 00 [k W] 40 00 [k W] 36 00 [k W] 26 00 [k W] 16 30 [k W] 14 00 [k W] 13 80 [k W] 13 20 [k W] 13 00 [k W] 12 20 [k W] 11 10 [k W] 55 0 [kW] 53 0 [kW] 52 0 [kW] 26 0 [kW] 22 0 [kW] 22 0 [kW] 20 0 [kW]19 0 [kW] 30 [k W] 50 [k W] 80 [k W] 65 [k W] Melting Float bath Air coolingLigh ting Raw material Nitro gen facto ry Natu ral gas Water co oling Heat recov ery bo iler Heat recov ery Direct p rocess remov als Compressed air Oxyg en bu rn er Room Other Lehr Electricity Ventilation 31 65 [k W] preprocessing Energy consumption break down Sankey diagram

59. Prehandling of raw material Smelt ing Tin- bath Cooling Washing and checking Cutting and bundling Continued handling electr. water soda sandlime Na2SO4 natural gas electr. O2 cooling warter combustion gas electr. N2 H2 N2 cooling. air cooling water water electr. electr. a-powder air Regen. waste heat boiler heating water combustion gas chruched aggregate electr. hot air SO2 electr. natural gas compr.air stock recycling material from clients copr. air natural gas Delivering + stock compr. air compr.air compr. air compressed air cooling air electr. hot air drying air heat Energy Analyses in Industry Report Model (MOTIVA) A p p. 7. Saving measures and economy6. Process 5. Process services 4. Building 3. Consum ption, costs 2. Basic info TABLE 1 Cons. now Saving pot. Invest. Electr. Fuels Water Total 0 1 2 3-4 5- Savings € 1. Summary - text - tables 1,2 - econ.prof. - Sankey diagram - process block diagr. Kauppa- ja teollisuusministeriön tukema energiakatselmushanke DNro: 333/954/93 Päätöksen pvm 30.12.1993 J P - T A L O T E K N I I K K A ENERGY ANALYSES REPORT Company Ltd Helsinki 5.9.1999 Company Oy Jaakko Pöyry Group TABLE 2 Saving measur. 1 Saving measur. 2 : : Savings € Invest. € Pay back period Total PL 27, 00131 HELSINKI Puh. 09 - 46911 Fax. 09 - 4691 311 1 7 7 30 [kW ] 1 0 6 20 [kW ] 6 9 0 0 [kW ] 4 0 0 0 [kW ] 3 6 0 0 [kW ] 2 6 0 0 [kW ] 1 6 3 0 [kW ] 1 4 0 0 [kW ] 1 3 8 0 [kW ] 1 3 2 0 [kW ] 1 3 0 0 [kW ] 1 2 2 0 [kW ] 1 1 1 0 [kW ] 5 5 0 [kW ] 5 3 0 [kW ] 5 2 0 [kW ] 2 6 0 [kW ] 2 2 0 [kW ] 2 2 0 [kW ] 2 0 0 [kW ]1 9 0 [kW ] 3 0 [kW ] 5 0 [kW ] 8 0 [kW ] 6 5 [kW ] Melting Flo at bath Air co o lin gLightin g Raw material N itro gen facto ry N atu ral g as Water co o lin g H eat r ecovery b oiler H eat r ecovery D irect p ro cess remo vals Co mp ressed air O xygen b ur ner Ro o m O th er Leh r E lectricity V entilatio n 3 1 6 5 [kW ] pr epro cessing Prehandling ofraw material Smelt ing Tin- bath Cooling Washing and checking Cutting and bundling Continued handling electr. water soda sandlime Na2SO4 natural gas electr. O2 cooling warter combustion gas electr. N2 H2 N2 cooling. air cooling water water electr. electr. a-powder air Regen. wasteheat boiler heatingwater combustiongas chruchedaggregate electr. hotair SO2 electr. natural gas compr.air stock recyclingmaterialfromclients copr. air natural gas Delivering +stock compr.air compr.air compr.air compressed air cooling air electr. hot air dryingair heat

60. Utility (services) energy audit • Industry research indicates that 6-10 % of utility bills have errors that can amount of millions of dollars in unnecessary expenses. Companies are challenged to avoid these costly billing mistakes across facilities serviced by various utility companies , identifying and corresponding errors can yield immediate savings. • Benefits of bill auditing services:- • Comprehensive analysis that establishes bare lines and identifies overbillings. • On going monitoring of billing to avoid costly errors. • Communication with client on a regular basis , outlining progress to update and up coming activities.

61. HOME ENERGY AUDIT • A home energy audit is a service where the energy efficiency of a house is evaluated by a person using professional equipment (such as blower doors and infrared cameras), with the aim to suggest the best ways to improve energy efficiency in heating and cooling the house. • An energy audit of a home may involve recording various characteristics of the building envelope including the walls, ceilings, floors, doors, windows, and skylights. • For each of these components the area and resistance to heat flow (R-value) is measured or estimated. • The leakage rate or infiltration of air through the building envelope is of concern, both of which are strongly affected by window construction and quality of door seals such as weather-stripping. • The goal of this exercise is to quantify the building's overall thermal performance. The audit may also assess the efficiency, physical condition, and programming of mechanical systems such as the heating, ventilation, air conditioning equipment, and thermostat. • A home energy audit is often used to identify cost effective ways to improve the comfort and efficiency of buildings. In addition, homes may qualify for energy efficiency grants from central government.

62. HOME OR RESIDENTIAL ENERGY AUDIT • A home energy audit (or survey) evaluates an existing home to determine where and how energy is being lost, what systems are operating inefficiently and what cost-effective improvements can be implemented to enhance occupant comfort, make the home more durable and lower utility costs • Area includes under residential energy audit :- • Building envelope features (windows, doors, insulation, ducts) and ages • Heating, cooling and ventilation equipment types, characteristics and ages • Appliance and lighting characteristics • Comfort complaints • Visible moisture issues • Visible health and safety issues

63. Potential for Energy Conservation Residential Sector END USE SAVING ESTIMATE % Lighting 20 - 50 Cooling / Ventilation 15 -50 Refrigeration 15 - 40 Water heating equipment 20 -70 Miscellaneous Equipment 10

64. Internal audit • Internal auditing is an independent, objective assurance and consulting activity designed to add value and improve an organization's operations. • It helps an organization accomplish its objectives by bringing a systematic, disciplined approach to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of risk management, control, and governance processes. • Internal auditors work for government agencies (federal, state and local); for publicly traded companies; and for non-profit companies across all industries. Internal auditing departments are led by a Chief Audit Executive ("CAE") who generally reports to the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.

65. External (Statutory) Audit o All companies registered in India are required to get their Financial Statements audited by Chartered Accountants under the Indian Companies Act. o These audits are undertaken in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards and guidelines issued from time to time by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. o Additionally, Companies which have a turnover over a specified amount are also required to have their records audited by Chartered Accountants under the Indian Income Tax Act.

66. External vs. Internal Auditing • External auditing is often called independent auditing because it is done by certified public accountants who are independent of the organization being audited. • External auditors represent the interests of third-party stakeholders in the organization, such as stockholders, creditors, and government agencies. • Because the focus of external audit is on financial statements, this type of audit is called financial audit • Institute of Internal Auditors defines internal auditing as an independent appraisal function established within an organization to examine and evaluate its activities

67. External vs. Internal Auditing • Internal auditors perform a wide range of activities on behalf of the organization, including conducting financial audits, examining an operation’s compliance with organizational policies, reviewing the organization’s compliance with legal obligations, evaluating operational efficiency, detecting and pursuing fraud within the firm, and conducting IT audits. • While external auditors represent outsiders, internal auditors represent the interests of the organization. • Internal auditors often cooperate with and assist external auditors in performing financial audits. • This is done to achieve audit efficiency and reduce audit fees. For example, a team of internal auditors can perform tests of computer controls under the supervision of a single external auditor.

68. Technical and Economic feasibility- Factors Sample Worksheet for Economic Feasibility Name of Energy Efficiency Measure 1. Investment  Equipments  Civil works  Instrumentation  Auxiliaries 2. Annual operating costs  Cost of capital  Maintenance  Manpower  Energy  Depreciation 3. Annual savings  Thermal Energy  Electrical Energy  Raw material  Waste disposal Net Savings /Year (Rs./year) = (Annual savings-annual operating costs) Payback period in months = (Investment/net savings/year) x 12 Technology availability, space, skilled manpower, reliability, service, Impact of measure on safety, quality, production or process. Mmaintenance requirements and spares availability

69. ISO standards for energy audit • Iso 9001 : 2008 – quality management system • Iso 14001 :2004 – environmental management systems • OHSAS 18001 – Occupational health and safety management systems • Iso 22000 – food safety • Iso TS/16949 :2002 – quality management system for design and development , production. • Iso 50001 – energy management • Iso 50001 :2011 – energy management system

70. Areas covered under Electrical audit • Electrical System : • Electrical Distribution system (substation & feeders study) • PF Improvement study • Capacitor performance • Transformer optimization • Cable sizing & loss reduction • Motor loading survey • Lighting system • Electrical heating & melting furnaces • Electric ovens

71. Areas covered under Mechanical audit • Mechanical System • Fans & Blowers • Exhaust & ventilation System • Pumps and pumping System • Compressed air System • Air Conditioning & Refrigeration System • Cooling Tower System

72. Areas covered under Thermal energy audit • Thermal energy system :- • Steam Generation Boilers • Steam Audit and Conversation • Steam Trap Survey • Condensate Recovery System • Insulation Survey • Energy and Material Balance for Unit operation • Heat Exchanger • Waste Heat Recovery System

73. Focus of Govt. Of India through energy audit on energy conservation and energy efficient technologies and products :- • BEE (Bureau of energy efficiency ) has done tremendous work in creating awareness on energy conservation , establishing case studies for different industries , promoting innovative financing mechanisms for energy efficiency projects , energy labelling , accrediting organizations for energy audits , and conducting examinations for accrediting the energy auditors and energy managers.

74. Focus of Govt. of India through energy audit on energy conservation and energy efficient technologies and products :- • CPRI (central power research institute) has been carrying out energy audit & energy conservation studies since 1988 and have completed energy audit in:- • 125 + power stations • 180 + energy intensive industries • 600 +majors buildings • 10 + ports

75. Focus of Govt. Of India through energy audit on energy conservation and energy efficient technologies and products :- • The govt. Efforts for energy conservation are also supplemented by the NPC ( national productivity council), NGOs like TERI ( the energy resources institute), and industries associations such as ASSOCHAM , CII , FICCI and PHDCCI.

76. The company’s special needs, targets The content, meaning and instructions of energy auditing procedure supported by the ministry Voluntary energy conservation agreements Links of energy auditing to environmental, quality and other functional systems or procedures of the company Resources for auditing (own work or outsourcing) Bidding Evaluation of the tenders Decision of energy auditing Filling the forms for subsidies , Decision of the support Start STARTING OF ENERGY AUDITS

77. The same targets in every audit model • Comprehensive study – Heating/electricity/fuels/renewables/water costs and energy consumption • Results: – Break down of consumption – Better understanding about energy costs, energy consumption etc. – Proposals for saving measures • Justification • Economy (savings, investments… • Other effects and impacts

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