2. Pigmentation means Coloring
Pigmentation is due to overproduction
of melanin by the pigment cells,
melanocytes, which is taken up by the
keratinocytes (epidermal melanosis)
and/or deposited in the dermis (dermal
melanosis).

3. Causes of Hyper pigmentation
Overexposure to the sun
Picking at the skin
Hormonal changes
Certain medications such as antibiotics, hormone
treatments and anti-seizure drugs.
Inflammation and skin injuries such as Acne
vulgaris and scars of acne
Aging leads to pigmentation

6. A chemical peel is a treatment in which an acid solution is used
to remove the damaged outer layers of the skin.
Chemical peels can be administered in up to 30% strength by
estheticians in spas and salons.
Chemical peels are acids which are applied to the skin about
once every two weeks.
These acids chemically exfoliate the top layers of skin.
This exfoliation signals the cells inside the skin to produce more
rapidly, which can help hasten skin turnover and prevent pores
from becoming clogged.
Chemical peels are also sometimes used to help lessen the
appearance of acne scars.

7. Chemical peeling is a popular, relatively inexpensive, and generally
safe method for treatment of some skin disorders and to refresh and
rejuvenate skin.
Peels can be combined with other in-office facial resurfacing
techniques to optimize outcomes and enhance patient satisfaction
and allow clinicians to tailor the treatment to individual patient
needs .
Successful outcomes are based on a careful patient selection as well
as appropriate use of specific peeling agents.
Used properly, the chemical peel has the potential to be an
important therapeutic tool for dermatologist
The American Society of Plastic Surgery reported that more than
one million peel procedures were performed by its members in
2008.
Chemical peels are very common in clinical practice.
Creates a controlled wound

8. Types of peels
1.Glycolic acid
2.Salicylic acid
3.Lactic acid
4.Polyhydroxy acid
5.Amino fruit acid
6.Pyruvic acid
7.Trichloracetic acid (TCA)
8.Jessner's peel

9. Do they work?
Studies show about 45-50% reduction in acne
lesions after a series of 4-6 peels.
Most study participants report a "fair" to "good"
result.
Results tend to last for 1-2 months, with acne
beginning to reassert itself at this time.

10. Type of Peel What it Does May Contain Signs of Aging Treated
Superficial —
also known as
the lunchtime
peel
Penetrates only
the outer layer
of skin to gently
exfoliate
 Glycolic acid
(often contains
alpha-hydroxy
acid)
 Jessner’s
solution
 Salicylic acid
 Trichloroacetic
acid (TCA)
 Mild skin discoloration
 Give the face, neck, chest, or hands a refreshed
look
 Smooth rough skin
Medium Penetrates the
outer layer of
skin and
reaches into the
middle layer of
skin to remove
damaged skin
cells
 Glycolic acid
 Trichloroacetic
acid (TCA)
 Age spots
 Fine lines and wrinkles
 Freckles
 Moderate skin discoloration
 Modest tightening for lax sun-damaged skin
 Smooth rough skin
 May remove some actinic keratoses
Deep Reaches deep
into the middle
layer of skin to
remove
damaged skin
cells
 Trichloroacetic
acid (TCA)
 Phenol
Can make a person look years younger — removes
fine to moderate lines, age spots, freckles, shallow
scars. Will see brighter, smoother, slightly tighter,
more youthful skin. Can only be used on the face
and only performed once.

11. Side effects
Most people experience a sun burnt look with obvious
peeling of the skin in the days after their first peel.
This redness and peeling tends to be less pronounced with
each consecutive peel.
Temporary darkening of the skin has been reported, and
some people with darker skin have experienced skin lightening
which can be permanent.

12. Sun sensitivity
Because chemical peels peel away the protective layers
of the skin, your skin will be much more sensitive to
sunlight and UV rays. It is extremely important to keep
your skin out of the sun after a peel and to use an
adequate SPF.
Bottom line
Most chemical peels appear to help clear most types of
acne. However, parlor person will guide you for better
results and other products to be used in conjunction with
chemical peeling procedure. to achieve a satisfactory
level of clearance.

13. 4 Tips for Better Results After a Chemical Peel
 Do not scratch or rub the treated skin. While the skin may burn,
itch, or swell, it is important to resist the urge to scratch or rub.
Scratching and rubbing tend to diminish results. To alleviate the
discomfort, apply a cold compress.
 Keep your skin moist and supple. This will give you better
results. If the skin dries out and cracks, scarring may occur.
 Do not pick at scabs. After a deep peel, the face tends to scab, but
picking at scabs can increase the risk of an infection, skin
discoloration, and scarring.
 Wear sunscreen daily once your skin heals. Applying sunscreen
before your makeup will help maintain the results.

19. The chemical peel is administered in a doctor's office, surgery center, or
hospital by a certified and trained cosmetic dermatologist or plastic surgeon.
If a deep chemical peel is being administered, or if the patient requests it, the
patient is given a sedative to aid relaxation.
The doctor cleanses the patient's skin and, if necessary, applies a topical
anesthetic to the treatment area.
The doctor then applies the chemical peel solution. This solution is
formulated according to each patient's specific needs and goals. It is common
for the patient to feel a tingling or stinging sensation as the chemical peel is
applied.
After the skin peel solution has been on the skin for the prescribed amount of
time, it is washed off with water. A soothing ointment is then applied; a thick
coating of petroleum jelly is often used after deep chemical peels.
The doctor then instructs the patient on aftercare, and the doctor may also
prescribe a mild pain reliever for discomfort after the procedure, especially if
a deep chemical peel was administered.
Depending on the patient's skin condition and the depth of the chemical peel,
multiple treatments may be necessary to achieve the desired results.

20. Are chemical peels painful?
In general, patients only feel a
mild stinging sensation during
light or medium chemical
peels. After the procedure, the
physician may prescribe a mild
pain reliever to relieve any
discomfort.

21. Will my skin literally "peel"?
Chemical peels remove the outer
layers of skin to reduce or eliminate
the appearance of a number of skin
imperfections and conditions. After a
patient undergoes a skin peel, the
treated layers of skin gradually flake
away, revealing a fresh new layer of
skin.

22. Will the peel get rid of pigmentation
marks?
Pigmentation marks caused by sun damage can be
removed or reduced by skin peels.
However there is a small risk that the skin peel
could cause pigmentation marks to the skin.
Dark skins, such as Asian and Black skins are more
prone to this damage; they still can be treated with
preparation to the skin before the peel.
Your skin practitioner will be able to advise on the
appropriate peel.